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Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Jun 1949
Topics: Female; Humans; Suspensions
PubMed: 18153742
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and... Dec 2019Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure worldwide. Despite the availability of new technologies and enhanced surgical techniques,... (Review)
Review
Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure worldwide. Despite the availability of new technologies and enhanced surgical techniques, inflammation-related complications after even uneventful cataract procedures remain the most common cause of poor visual outcomes. In this review article, we discuss the recent development of an intraocular steroid-based suspension and its use in cataract surgery. A PubMed literature search was conducted through December 2018 using the terms "cataract surgery," "dexamethasone," "inflammation," "treatment," and "prevention." The search was supplemented with the results of clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; outcomes from both experimental and clinical research were included. Because dexamethasone interferes at multiple steps of the inflammatory cascade, this application seems to be an interesting option in the prevention of postsurgical inflammation. A single drug deposit into the anterior chamber might be an attractive alternative to frequent drop installations. In addition, dexamethasone intravitreal inserts are an option in high-risk individuals-in particular, in those with preexistent macula edema. Nevertheless, a careful evaluation of the agents is required, because the present state of knowledge is based on only a few registered trials. Control of postoperative inflammation is one of the key factors in achieving satisfactory outcomes in cataract surgery. As the introduction of intracameral antibiotics has brought benefits to cataract surgery, dexamethasone intraocular suspension for anterior chamber steroid placement might assist in improving surgical outcomes. This could particularly refer to patients with a higher risk of postsurgical inflammation, especially in eyes with diabetic retinopathy or uveitis.
Topics: Cataract Extraction; Dexamethasone; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Inflammation; Injections, Intraocular; Suspensions; Time Factors; Uveitis
PubMed: 31644364
DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0072 -
Journal of Aerosol Medicine : the... 1994Solutions and suspensions of drugs are used widely in the pharmaceutical industry for production of dosage forms for different routes of administration; for example,...
Solutions and suspensions of drugs are used widely in the pharmaceutical industry for production of dosage forms for different routes of administration; for example, oral, parenteral and inhalation. Pharmaceutical solutions and suspensions might appear to be simple formulations but they can present many technical problems both for the manufacturing industry and for the individual pharmacist. Substances can be chemically unstable, insoluble in water, distasteful etc. Suspensions are often used as a dosage form when the drug is insoluble in water and when use of solubilizing agents is not possible. Based on method of preparation, suspensions can be divided into two categories, flocculated and deflocculated systems.
Topics: Drug Administration Routes; Humans; Solutions; Surface Properties; Suspensions
PubMed: 10147074
DOI: 10.1089/jam.1994.7.suppl_1.s-3 -
Advances in Colloid and Interface... May 2012Microfluidic devices are an emerging technology for processing suspensions in e.g. medical applications, pharmaceutics and food. Compared to larger scales, particles... (Review)
Review
Microfluidic devices are an emerging technology for processing suspensions in e.g. medical applications, pharmaceutics and food. Compared to larger scales, particles will be more influenced by migration in microfluidic devices, and this may even be used to facilitate segregation and separation. In order to get most out of these completely new technologies, methods to experimentally measure (or compute) particle migration are needed to gain sufficient insights for rational design. However, the currently available methods only allow limited access to particle behaviour. In this review we compare experimental methods to investigate migration phenomena that can occur in microfluidic systems when operated with natural suspensions, having typical particle diameters of 0.1 to 10 μm. The methods are used to monitor concentration and velocity profiles of bidisperse and polydisperse suspensions, which are notoriously difficult to measure due to the small dimensions of channels and particles. Various methods have been proposed in literature: tomography, ultrasound, and optical analysis, and here we review and evaluate them on general dimensionless numbers related to process conditions and channel dimensions. Besides, eleven practical criteria chosen such that they can also be used for various applications, are used to evaluate the performance of the methods. We found that NMR and CSLM, although expensive, are the most promising techniques to investigate flowing suspensions in microfluidic devices, where one may be preferred over the other depending on the size, concentration and nature of the suspension, the dimensions of the channel, and the information that has to be obtained. The paper concludes with an outlook on future developments of measurement techniques.
Topics: Electric Impedance; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Microfluidics; Microscopy, Confocal; Particle Size; Positron-Emission Tomography; Suspensions
PubMed: 22405541
DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2012.02.003 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jan 1964
Review
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Pharmacy; Research; Suspensions
PubMed: 14106368
DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600530102 -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Sep 2021Understanding the rheological behavior of materials is of great importance in science. Here, we report a microscopic foundation for optorheology by manipulating the...
Understanding the rheological behavior of materials is of great importance in science. Here, we report a microscopic foundation for optorheology by manipulating the rheological feature through light. A new phenomenon is observed in the photosynthetic bacterial suspension, that the fluid viscosity changes by light-induced electrons. Type IV pili of photosynthetic bacteria is found, and it allows the electron to transport through the exterior of cells and changes the surface potential of cells, which causes an adjustment in the spatial arrangement of cells in the suspension. When an external electric field is applied, the electric dipole of the cells is induced and their dispersion is changed. The rheological properties are measured to evaluate the internal structure of the suspension depending on the light. The photoelectrons enhance the dispersion of the photosynthetic bacteria in the solution, thus leading to a significant increment in the viscosity. We envision that this discovery will provide new applications to the interface of optics, bioengineering, and rheology.
Topics: Bacteria; Rheology; Suspensions; Viscosity
PubMed: 34491749
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01527 -
Neurology Dec 1989
Topics: Fluorescence Polarization; Immunoassay; Osmolar Concentration; Phenytoin; Suspensions
PubMed: 2586785
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.39.12.1644 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021Active suspension control strategies are a top priority in active suspension system. The current research on active suspension control strategies is mostly focused on...
Active suspension control strategies are a top priority in active suspension system. The current research on active suspension control strategies is mostly focused on two-axle vehicles, and there is less research investigating multi-axle vehicles. Additionally, their effective implementation is dependent on accurate mathematical models, and most of them adopt force feedback control, which is vulnerable to external interference. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an active suspension control strategy based on Inertial Measurement Unit. The multi-axle emergency rescue vehicle is made to be equivalent to a 3-degrees-of-freedom parallel mechanism by using the method of grouping and interconnecting the suspension units of the whole vehicle. The attitude change of the vehicle body was transformed into the servo actuator's displacement by solving the inverse solution of the parallel mechanism position and the action of the servo actuator was driven in reverse according to the displacement obtained. In this way, the vehicle body attitude can be compensated, and the ride comfort and the handling stability of the vehicle can be improved. To verify the effectiveness of the control strategy proposed, the three-axle six vehicle was taken as the research object, the position inverse solution of its equivalent 3-degrees-of-freedom parallel mechanism was deduced, and a high-pass filter was designed. The three-axle vehicle experiment platform integrating active suspension and hydro-pneumatic suspension was built, and the gravel road and slope road experiments were carried out and the results compared with those obtained with hydro-pneumatic suspension. The experiment results showed that, compared with hydro-pneumatic suspension, the active suspension control strategy based on Inertial Measurement Unit proposed in this paper can not only stabilize the body attitude, but also effectively suppress body vibration, improving the ride comfort and handling stability of the vehicle significantly.
Topics: Equipment Design; Suspensions; Vibration
PubMed: 34696090
DOI: 10.3390/s21206877 -
Electrophoresis Mar 2018This paper aims to summarize the series of investigations on coupling suspension yield stress and DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) forces, i.e. van der Waals and... (Review)
Review
This paper aims to summarize the series of investigations on coupling suspension yield stress and DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) forces, i.e. van der Waals and electrical double layer forces. This summary provides a better understanding of the basic phenomena associated, historical development and current status of this useful coupling, and also discusses the applicability and limitations/variations of such coupling applied to different types of concentrated aqueous particle suspensions. Aqueous suspensions discussed are composed of charged inorganic fine particles, including metal oxide colloidal particles, mineral fine particles, and clays. The research gaps are identified and specific future perspectives are discussed to further enhance the use of this unique and useful coupling, and to aim for the transition from the modelling of similar particle suspension systems to its dissimilar/mix particle suspension systems that fit more with the current and future industry needs in particle processing.
Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Clay; Colloids; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Metals; Minerals; Models, Theoretical; Oxides; Particle Size; Physical Phenomena; Surface Properties; Suspensions; Water
PubMed: 29330873
DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700314 -
Computational Intelligence and... 2021Intelligent methods and algorithms have promoted the development of the intelligent transportation system in many ways. In the rail transportation, the vertical...
Intelligent methods and algorithms have promoted the development of the intelligent transportation system in many ways. In the rail transportation, the vertical performance of a high-speed train suspension system has a great impact on the riding comfort of the train. Based on the intelligent optimization method of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, different inerter-spring-damper (ISD) suspension layouts are proposed for better riding comfort. A 10-degree-of-freedom (10-DOF) vertical dynamic model of a high-speed train is established, and the new suspension layouts are applied to the primary and secondary suspension of the train at the same time. Optimizations are carried out for the suspension parameters of the high-speed train. Performances of different suspension layouts at different running speeds are analysed and compared. The best layout for suspension is concluded. What is more, the virtual prototype simulation and analysis of a high-speed train with consideration of nonlinear inerters are carried out. Friction of a rack-pinion inerter is simulated in the virtual prototype simulation. And the influence of nonlinearity is discussed compared with the ideal suspensions. All the results can represent a guidance for future train suspension design and help the intelligent rail transportation system to be more comfortable.
Topics: Algorithms; Computer Simulation; Suspensions; Transportation
PubMed: 34721561
DOI: 10.1155/2021/1526792