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Nature Reviews. Rheumatology Aug 2017The synovium is the major target tissue of inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis. The study of synovial tissue has advanced considerably throughout the... (Review)
Review
The synovium is the major target tissue of inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis. The study of synovial tissue has advanced considerably throughout the past few decades from arthroplasty and blind needle biopsy to the use of arthroscopic and ultrasonographic technologies that enable easier visualization and improve the reliability of synovial biopsies. Rapid progress has been made in using synovial tissue to study disease pathogenesis, to stratify patients, to discover biomarkers and novel targets, and to validate therapies, and this progress has been facilitated by increasingly diverse and sophisticated analytical and technological approaches. In this Review, we describe these approaches, and summarize how their use in synovial tissue research has improved our understanding of rheumatoid arthritis and identified candidate biomarkers that could be used in disease diagnosis and stratification, as well as in predicting disease course and treatment response.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biomarkers; Biomedical Research; Humans; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 28701760
DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.115 -
Archives of Histology and Cytology Oct 2003This paper reviews recent findings of the synovial membrane, in particular the morphology, function and development of synovial lining cells, in the temporomandibular... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews recent findings of the synovial membrane, in particular the morphology, function and development of synovial lining cells, in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Electron microscopic studies have confirmed the synovial membrane in TMJ consists of macrophage-like type A cells and fibroblast-like type B cells identical to those in other systematic joints. The macrophage-like type A cells react with anti-macrophage and macrophage-derived substances including the major histocompatibility class II molecule, and show a drastic increase in their number in the inflamed synovial membrane. In addition, they have the ability to produce substances involved in the progression of TMJ inflammation such as nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Observation of osteopetrotic mice revealed that macrophage-like type A cells in TMJ are derived from monocyte lineage. Immunocytochemistry for 25kDa heat shock protein was able to depict the entire shape of fibroblast-like type B cells including their unique processes. The expression of an estrogen receptor alpha-immunoreaction in the fibroblast-like type B cells may explain the etiology of temporomandibular disorders at a higher frequency in females than in males, suggesting that TMJ is a target tissue for estrogen. Furthermore, fibroblast-like type B cells are equipped with a basement membrane to serve as an adhesion molecule for the fibroblast-like type B cells to keep their epithelial arrangement. A clear understanding of the morphology of the intact synovial membrane will serve to clarify the etiology and development of temporomandibular disorders.
Topics: Animals; Fibroblasts; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Macrophages; Mice; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Electron; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Osteopetrosis; Rats; Synovial Membrane; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 14692685
DOI: 10.1679/aohc.66.289 -
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Jun 1995
Review
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 7632098
DOI: 10.1136/ard.54.6.511 -
Arkhiv Patologii 2016The synovial membrane is frequently a target in rheumatic diseases. A search for diagnostic criteria and determination of changes in the pathological process necessitate... (Review)
Review
The synovial membrane is frequently a target in rheumatic diseases. A search for diagnostic criteria and determination of changes in the pathological process necessitate standardized biopsy diagnostic techniques and quantification of morphological changes using digital imaging methods. The paper considers main methods for obtaining synovial membrane samples. It presents major morphological and immunohistochemical variations in synovitis in the presence of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthrosis. It shows different immunological and autoinflammatory mechanisms of these diseases. Synovial membrane inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthrosis is characterized by different components of morphogenesis, which is proven by the expression of different cell markers. Rheumatoid synovitis is an autoinflammatory process; synovitis in ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by autoinflammatory processes; biomechanical factors as joint inflammation triggers are leading in osteoarthrosis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Rheumatic Diseases; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 27600785
DOI: 10.17116/patol201678464-68 -
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology May 2020Synovial joints are unique functional elements of the body and provide the ability for locomotion and for physical interaction with the environment. They are composed of... (Review)
Review
Synovial joints are unique functional elements of the body and provide the ability for locomotion and for physical interaction with the environment. They are composed of different connective tissue structures, of which the synovial membrane is one central component. It shows a number of peculiarities that makes it different from other membranes in our body, while several lines of evidence suggest that synovial fibroblasts, also termed fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) critically contribute to these peculiarities. This becomes evident particularly under disease conditions such as in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, where the synovium is a key pathophysiological component. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge of FLS biology is not only important for understanding key features of articular function but also provides explanations for important characteristics of both degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases. This article reviews the structure, biochemical composition and functions of the synovial membrane and by focusing on the role of synovial fibroblasts explains key features of articular tissue remodelling particularly under disease conditions.
Topics: Fibroblasts; Humans; Models, Biological; Synovial Membrane; Synoviocytes
PubMed: 31956018
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.006 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Mar 1996The structure of the normal synovial membrane of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is discussed, based on knowledge of synovial membrane in synovial joints in general. (Review)
Review
The structure of the normal synovial membrane of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is discussed, based on knowledge of synovial membrane in synovial joints in general.
Topics: Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Synovial Membrane; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 8600242
DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(96)90755-7 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Jul 1999The authors analyze the functions of the synovial membrane and the chemical-physical properties of synovial fluid. In particular they evaluate the role played by... (Review)
Review
The authors analyze the functions of the synovial membrane and the chemical-physical properties of synovial fluid. In particular they evaluate the role played by synovial fluid in the complex mechanism of the temporomandibular joint. Every single part that belongs to the temporomandibular joint, together with the stomatognathic apparatus, plays a specific and particular role according to the dynamics and to the preservation of the correct temporomandibular joint physiology. The physiological postural and functional relationship between the various parts of the temporomandibular joint is guaranteed by a number of biomechanical restrictions that lead and influence the regular execution of the articular movements. The most involved biomechanical restrictions in the temporomandibular joint are the temporomandibular ligament, the lateral disc ligament, the bilaminar zone or retrodiscal tissue, the synovial membrane, and the synovial fluid.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 10686878
DOI: 10.1097/00001665-199907000-00003 -
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Jul 2013The purpose of this article is to review the embryologic development, anatomy, and histology of the synovial plicae of the elbow. The pathophysiologic features, clinical... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this article is to review the embryologic development, anatomy, and histology of the synovial plicae of the elbow. The pathophysiologic features, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and treatment of elbow synovial fold syndrome will also be reviewed.
CONCLUSION
Elbow synovial fold syndrome is an uncommon entity that is often confused with lateral epicondylitis. Knowledge of the clinical and imaging diagnosis of this entity is essential for the appropriate management of patients.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Elbow Joint; Humans; Joint Diseases; Syndrome; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 23789702
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.12.8768 -
The British Journal of Radiology 2016Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of synovium is an increasingly performed procedure with a high diagnostic yield. In this review, we discuss the normal synovium, as well... (Review)
Review
Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of synovium is an increasingly performed procedure with a high diagnostic yield. In this review, we discuss the normal synovium, as well as the indications, technique, tissue handling and clinical applications of ultrasound-guided synovial biopsy.
Topics: Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Synovial Membrane; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 26581578
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150363 -
Revue Du Rhumatisme Et Des Maladies... 1989The synovial membrane acts on the cartilage at the levels of the synovial cells, the production of soluble factors and the cartilage components. The synovial membrane is... (Review)
Review
The synovial membrane acts on the cartilage at the levels of the synovial cells, the production of soluble factors and the cartilage components. The synovial membrane is at the same time a trophic, an immunologic and a defense organ. One does not oppose anymore the aspects found in normal synovium to those found in osteoarthritis and in rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial reactivity against the cartilage components is mediated by specific initiating mechanisms leading to an amplification process. Various soluble factors regulate this cooperation at the articular and the systemic levels. The dysregulation between these factors plays a role in the pathogenesis of joint diseases.
Topics: Cartilage, Articular; Humans; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 2683009
DOI: No ID Found