-
Developmental Neurorehabilitation Aug 2014To assess if adapted versions of the response restriction toilet training protocol, based on the behavioral phenotype of Angelman syndrome (AS), were successful in...
OBJECTIVE
To assess if adapted versions of the response restriction toilet training protocol, based on the behavioral phenotype of Angelman syndrome (AS), were successful in fostering urinary continence in seven individuals with AS.
METHOD
Data were collected in AB-designs during baseline, training, generalization and follow-up. The response restriction protocol was adapted: individuals were trained in their natural environment, were prompted to void and along with improving continence, the interval between voids was prolonged and time-on-toilet decreased.
RESULTS
During generalization five individuals had less than two accidents and one to six correct voids per day; during baseline more accidents and/or less correct voids occurred. In two participants correct voids increased, but several accidents still occurred. Three participants maintained positive results after 3-18 months.
CONCLUSION
Despite their intellectual and behavioral challenges, urinary continence can be acquired in AS. Several indications of voiding dysfunctions were found; further research is indicated.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Angelman Syndrome; Child; Child Behavior; Enuresis; Female; Humans; Male; Phenotype; Toilet Training; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 23957894
DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2013.783140 -
Pediatrics Jun 1999
Review
Topics: Child Behavior; Child Day Care Centers; Child Rearing; Child, Preschool; Conditioning, Psychological; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Methods; Sex Factors; Toilet Training
PubMed: 10353953
DOI: No ID Found -
FP Essentials Jan 2020Toilet training is a developmental task that typically can be accomplished without medical intervention. Parent counseling about it can begin approximately at the 18- to...
Toilet training is a developmental task that typically can be accomplished without medical intervention. Parent counseling about it can begin approximately at the 18- to 24-month well child visit. Guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend beginning toilet training when the child shows signs of readiness, but typically not before age 2 years; praising success using positive terms; avoiding punishment, shaming, or force; and making training positive, nonthreatening, and natural. Nocturnal enuresis is defined as urinary incontinence that occurs at night during sleep in children 5 years or older for 3 consecutive months. It is common, affecting 5%-10% of 7-year-old children in the United States. Nonpharmacologic management includes behavioral interventions (eg, limiting fluid intake before bedtime, waking the child at night to attempt to urinate, lifting the sleeping child onto the toilet and then waking him or her to urinate, bladder training to increase bladder capacity, or instituting a reward system). Bed alarms are the first-line intervention but typically are not reimbursed by health insurance. Pharmacotherapy includes desmopressin, tricyclic antidepressants, and anticholinergics. The combination of a bed alarm with pharmacotherapy can be considered as initial management or after an unsuccessful initial intervention.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Behavior Therapy; Child; Child, Preschool; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Nocturnal Enuresis; Toilet Training
PubMed: 31894952
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen...
Topics: Child; England; Health Education; Hotlines; Humans; Learning Disabilities; Toilet Training
PubMed: 15565754
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent... Jun 2004
Topics: Child Development; Child, Preschool; Clinical Competence; Education, Medical, Continuing; Evidence-Based Medicine; Health Education; Humans; Pediatrics; Toilet Training
PubMed: 15184230
DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.158.6.600-c -
Clinical Pediatrics Sep 2023To investigate effects of diaper-free times, elimination communication (EC) and early toilet training, a web-based survey was conducted for caregivers. The more...
To investigate effects of diaper-free times, elimination communication (EC) and early toilet training, a web-based survey was conducted for caregivers. The more diaper-free times an infant experienced during day, the earlier it was toilet trained ( < .001), which was enhanced by the usage of cloth diapers. The amount of diaper-free times significantly reduced the caregiver's continuous sleep, the occurrence of rashes and balm usage ( < .001) and lead to a more regular defecation frequency. Cloth diaper usage had no effect on rashes or balm usage, but on diaper change rate ( < .001). We could show that, although not as effective as full-time EC, part-time EC is more effective if cloth diapers are used, provided they are changed frequently. Furthermore, EC causes a more regular defecation in infants between 1 and 2 years.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Communication; Diaper Rash; Exanthema; Infant Care; Toilet Training
PubMed: 36852780
DOI: 10.1177/00099228221145268 -
Nursing Times Dec 1973
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Behavior Therapy; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Scotland; Toilet Training
PubMed: 4778171
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Pediatrics May 2021Despite the existing methods, a trend towards a later initiation and completion of toilet training has been seen in Western society. This study is the first to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Despite the existing methods, a trend towards a later initiation and completion of toilet training has been seen in Western society. This study is the first to investigate prospectively the efficacy of intensive group toilet training in daycare centres. The primary outcome of interest is the duration until the child is toilet trained. A cluster randomised controlled trial was established in daycare centres; clusters of participants were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. Intervention group was subjected to an intensive toilet training session. Innovative aspects of this toilet training method were a 2-h training on two consecutive days, carried out in small groups in daycare centres. Parents of children in the control group were encouraged to start TT in their own manner. Children were monitored until they were considered to be fully toilet trained during the day. Median toilet training duration in the intervention group was 2 weeks compared to 5 weeks in controls (p value log rank test = 0.007). The hazard of being clean during the follow-up of 6 weeks was twice as high in the intervention compared to controls (p = 0.018).Conclusion: The intervention had a significant influence on the duration of toilet training in healthy children, with a median duration of 2 weeks. Our findings are clinically relevant for daycare educators, having a considerable responsibility in the development of children.Trial Registration Number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04221776. What is Known: • Despite different existing methods, a later initiation of toilet training has been seen in Western society and coherent to this an increasing age of acquiring full bladder control. • Child daycare centres have a growing role in the toilet training process. What is New: • This is the first prospective report describing the results of a new method of toilet training healthy children in small groups in daycare centres. • The intervention had a significant influence on the duration of toilet training, with a median duration of 2 weeks.
Topics: Child; Child Day Care Centers; Humans; Parents; Prospective Studies; Research Design; Toilet Training
PubMed: 33230718
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03879-y -
The New Zealand Medical Journal Mar 1988
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Toilet Training
PubMed: 3353038
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Oct 1959
Topics: Enuresis; Humans; Nocturnal Enuresis; Toilet Training
PubMed: 13816832
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5153.666