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Allergy Oct 2021
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Allergens; Alternaria; Humans; Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 34216490
DOI: 10.1111/all.14999 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2006We report a case of Ulocladium atrum keratitis in a 43-year-old man. No predisposing event was known. He received natamycin and fluconazole drops and the infection...
We report a case of Ulocladium atrum keratitis in a 43-year-old man. No predisposing event was known. He received natamycin and fluconazole drops and the infection resolved. The isolate was identified by morphological and rRNA gene sequence analyses. U. atrum is a dematiaceous hyphomycete not hitherto reported to infect humans.
Topics: Adult; Ascomycota; Base Sequence; DNA, Fungal; Eye Infections, Fungal; Genes, Fungal; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Molecular Sequence Data
PubMed: 16517929
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.44.3.1190-1193.2006 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica 2003A cutaneous mycoses caused by Ulocladium chartarum in a heart transplant recipient is reported. The infection cleared after complete surgical excision and 6 months of... (Review)
Review
A cutaneous mycoses caused by Ulocladium chartarum in a heart transplant recipient is reported. The infection cleared after complete surgical excision and 6 months of oral itraconazole therapy. In vitro activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, ravuconazole and terbinafine against the clinical isolate is shown.
Topics: Dermatomycoses; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Male; Middle Aged; Mitosporic Fungi; Opportunistic Infections; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 12816160
DOI: 10.1080/00015550310007256 -
Mycologia 2014The genus Ulocladium is thought to be strictly asexual. Mating-type (MAT) loci regulate sexual reproduction in fungi and their study may help to explain the apparent...
The genus Ulocladium is thought to be strictly asexual. Mating-type (MAT) loci regulate sexual reproduction in fungi and their study may help to explain the apparent lack of sexual reproduction in Ulocladium. We sequenced the full length of two MAT genes in 26 Ulocladium species and characterized the entire MAT idiomorphs plus flanking regions of Ulocladium botrytis. The MAT1-1 ORF encodes a protein with an alpha-box motif by the MAT1-1-1 gene and the MAT1-2 ORF encodes a protein with an HMG box motif by the MAT1-2-1 gene. Both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes were detected in a single strain of every species. Moreover, the results of RT-PCR revealed that both MAT genes are expressed in all 26 Ulocladium species. This demonstrates that MAT genes of Ulocladium species might be functional and that they have the potential for sexual reproduction. Phylogenies based on MAT genes were compared with GAPDH and Alt a 1 phylograms in Ulocladium using maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analysis. The MAT genealogies and the non-MAT trees displayed different topologies, indicating that MAT genes are unsuitable phylogenetic markers at the species level in Ulocladium. Furthermore, the conflicting topologies between MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 phylogeny indicate separate evolutionary events for the two MAT genes. However, the intergeneric phylogeny of four closely allied genera (Ulocladium, Alternaria, Cochliobolus, Stemphylium) based on MAT alignments demonstrated that MAT genes are suitable for phylogenetic analysis among allied genera.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Ascomycota; Base Sequence; DNA, Fungal; Fungal Proteins; Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; Genetic Loci; HMG-Box Domains; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 24891417
DOI: 10.3852/13-383 -
Mycologia 2010A new species of Ulocladium was isolated from diseased leaves from two Cucumis sp. growing in Sinkiang and Gansu provinces of China. Conidia were isolated from necrotic...
A new species of Ulocladium was isolated from diseased leaves from two Cucumis sp. growing in Sinkiang and Gansu provinces of China. Conidia were isolated from necrotic leaves and used to establish single-spore pure cultures. Conidia were harvested from cultures 7 d after incubation for morphological comparisons. The morphology of this species resembles that of U. botrytis and U. consortiale. However it is distinguished from these two species by the sizes of obovoid to broadly ellipsoidal conidia and longer conidiophores. A taxonomic description of U. cantlous, comparison with related species in this genus, and a species phylogeny based on the partial nucleotide sequence of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene and the Alternaria alternata major allergen (Alt a 1) gene are provided.
Topics: Ascomycota; Base Sequence; China; Cucumis melo; DNA, Fungal; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating); Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Alignment
PubMed: 20361504
DOI: 10.3852/09-093 -
International Journal of Food... Aug 2008Ulocladium, which is phylogenetically related to Alternaria, contains species that are food spoilers and plant pathogens, but also species that have potential as enzyme...
Ulocladium, which is phylogenetically related to Alternaria, contains species that are food spoilers and plant pathogens, but also species that have potential as enzyme producers and bio-control agents. Ulocladium spp. are often found on dead vegetation, in soil, air and dust, but also on food and feedstuffs and on water-damaged building materials. The aim was to study the morphological and chemical diversity within the genus Ulocladium. Cultures of 52 Ulocladium strains were identified morphologically, and then extracted and analyzed using automated Chemical Image Analysis. Production of individual metabolites was correlated to species identity and source of isolation (substratum). Chemical analyses corroborated the morphological identifications and showed the existence of several species species-specific metabolites, of which most were known compounds. The production of curvularins was specific to Ulocladium atrum, while most species produced infectopyrones and derivatives of altertoxin I. None of the 52 Ulocladium strains produced alternariols, tenuazonic acid, altersolanols or macrosporin, which are common in species of Alternaria.
Topics: Alternaria; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Food Microbiology; Multivariate Analysis; Mycological Typing Techniques; Mycotoxins; Perylene; Phylogeny; Species Specificity; Zearalenone
PubMed: 18599140
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.05.036 -
Mycologia 2008Ulocladium subcucurbitae and U. brassicae are described and illustrated. These species were isolated from diseased leaves of Chenopodium glaucum and Brassica pekinensis...
Ulocladium subcucurbitae and U. brassicae are described and illustrated. These species were isolated from diseased leaves of Chenopodium glaucum and Brassica pekinensis from Guizhou and Yunnan provinces of China respectively.
Topics: Ascomycota; Chenopodium; China; Microscopy; Plant Diseases; Plant Leaves; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 18751552
DOI: 10.3852/07-019r3 -
Journal of Biosciences Dec 2014Ulocladium atrum inulinase was immobilized on different composite membranes composed of chitosan/nonwoven fabrics. Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase...
Ulocladium atrum inulinase was immobilized on different composite membranes composed of chitosan/nonwoven fabrics. Km values of free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on different composite membranes were calculated. The enzyme had optimum pH at 5.6 for free and immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution (PPNWF3), but optimum pH was 5 for immobilized U. atrum inulinase on polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics coated with 1 percent chitosan solution. The enzyme had optimum temperature at 40 degree C for immobilized enzyme on each of polyester and polypropylene composite membranes coated with 1 percent chitosan, while it was 50 degree C for free and immobilized enzyme on polypropylene nonwoven fabric coated with 3 percent chitosan solution. Free U. atrum inulinase was stable at 40 degree C but thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was detected up to 60 degree C. Reusability of immobilized enzyme was from 38 to 42 cycles of reuse; after this, the immobilized enzyme lost its activity completely. In conclusion, immobilized U. atrum inulinase was considerably more stable than the free enzyme, and could be stored for extended periods.
Topics: Ascomycota; Chitosan; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes, Immobilized; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Surface Properties; Temperature
PubMed: 25431408
DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9477-1 -
PeerJ 2020The genus is thought to be strictly asexual. One of the possible reasons for the lack of sexuality in species is the absence of the stimulus of environmental factors....
The genus is thought to be strictly asexual. One of the possible reasons for the lack of sexuality in species is the absence of the stimulus of environmental factors. Sexual reproduction in ascomycetes is controlled by a specific region in the genome referred to as mating-type locus () that consists of two dissimilar DNA sequences in the mating partners, termed and idiomorphs. To identify the response of loci to environmental conditions, the mRNA transcription level of and genes was tested using qRT-PCR under different temperatures (-20 °C, -10 °C, 0 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C), culture medias (CM, OA, HAY, PCA, PDA and V8), photoperiods (24 h light, 24 h dark, 12 h light/12 h dark, 10 h light/14 h dark and 8 h light/16 h dark), and CO concentrations (0.03%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). For obtaining reliable results from qRT-PCR, the most stable internal control gene and optimal number of reference genes for normalization were determined under different treatments. The results showed that there is no universal internal control gene that is expressed at a constant level under different experimental treatments. In comparison to various incubation conditions, the relative expression levels of both genes were significantly increased when fungal mycelia were grown on HAY culture media at 0-10 °C with a light/dark cycle, indicating that temperature, culture media, and light might be the key environmental factors for regulating the sexuality in . Moreover, and genes showed similar expression patterns under different treatments, suggesting that the two genes might play an equally important role in the sexual evolutionary process.
PubMed: 33282558
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10379 -
Studies in Mycology Jun 2013Alternaria is a ubiquitous fungal genus that includes saprobic, endophytic and pathogenic species associated with a wide variety of substrates. In recent years,...
UNLABELLED
Alternaria is a ubiquitous fungal genus that includes saprobic, endophytic and pathogenic species associated with a wide variety of substrates. In recent years, DNA-based studies revealed multiple non-monophyletic genera within the Alternaria complex, and Alternaria species clades that do not always correlate to species-groups based on morphological characteristics. The Alternaria complex currently comprises nine genera and eight Alternaria sections. The aim of this study was to delineate phylogenetic lineages within Alternaria and allied genera based on nucleotide sequence data of parts of the 18S nrDNA, 28S nrDNA, ITS, GAPDH, RPB2 and TEF1-alpha gene regions. Our data reveal a Pleospora/Stemphylium clade sister to Embellisia annulata, and a well-supported Alternaria clade. The Alternaria clade contains 24 internal clades and six monotypic lineages, the assemblage of which we recognise as Alternaria. This puts the genera Allewia, Brachycladium, Chalastospora, Chmelia, Crivellia, Embellisia, Lewia, Nimbya, Sinomyces, Teretispora, Ulocladium, Undifilum and Ybotromyces in synonymy with Alternaria. In this study, we treat the 24 internal clades in the Alternaria complex as sections, which is a continuation of a recent proposal for the taxonomic treatment of lineages in Alternaria. Embellisia annulata is synonymised with Dendryphiella salina, and together with Dendryphiella arenariae, are placed in the new genus Paradendryphiella. The sexual genera Clathrospora and Comoclathris, which were previously associated with Alternaria, cluster within the Pleosporaceae, outside Alternaria s. str., whereas Alternariaster, a genus formerly seen as part of Alternaria, clusters within the Leptosphaeriaceae. Paradendryphiella is newly described, the generic circumscription of Alternaria is emended, and 32 new combinations and 10 new names are proposed. A further 10 names are resurrected, while descriptions are provided for 16 new Alternaria sections.
TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES
New combinations - Alternaria abundans (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria alternariae (Cooke) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria atra (Preuss) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria bornmuelleri (Magnus) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria botrytis (Preuss) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria caespitosa (de Hoog & C. Rubio) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria cantlous (Yong Wang bis & X.G. Zhang) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria caricis (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria cinerea (Baucom & Creamer) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria didymospora (Munt.-Cvetk.) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria fulva (Baucom & Creamer) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria hyacinthi (de Hoog & P.J. Mull. bis) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria indefessa (E.G. Simmons) Woudenberg & Crous, Alternaria leptinellae (E.G. Simmons & C.F. Hill) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria lolii (E.G. Simmons & C.F. Hill) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria multiformis (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria obclavata (Crous & U. Braun) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria obovoidea (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria oudemansii (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria oxytropis (Q. Wang, Nagao & Kakish.) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria penicillata (Corda) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria planifunda (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria proteae (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria scirpinfestans (E.G. Simmons & D.A. Johnson) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria scirpivora (E.G. Simmons & D.A. Johnson) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria septospora (Preuss) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria slovaca (Svob.-Pol., L. Chmel & Bojan.) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria subcucurbitae (Yong Wang bis & X.G. Zhang) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria tellustris (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria tumida (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Paradendryphiella salina (G.K. Sutherl.) Woudenb. & Crous, Paradendryphiella arenariae (Nicot) Woudenb. & Crous. New names - Alternaria aspera Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria botryospora Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria brassicae-pekinensis Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria breviramosa Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria chlamydosporigena Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria concatenata Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria embellisia Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria heterospora Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria papavericola Woudenb. & Crous, Alternaria terricola Woudenb. & Crous. Resurrected names - Alternaria cetera E.G. Simmons, Alternaria chartarum Preuss, Alternaria consortialis (Thüm.) J.W. Groves & S. Hughes, Alternaria cucurbitae Letendre & Roum., Alternaria dennisii M.B. Ellis, Alternaria eureka E.G. Simmons, Alternaria gomphrenae Togashi, Alternaria malorum (Ruehle) U. Braun, Crous & Dugan, Alternaria phragmospora Emden, Alternaria scirpicola (Fuckel) Sivan. New sections, all in Alternaria - sect. Chalastospora Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Cheiranthus Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Crivellia Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Dianthicola Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Embellisia Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Embellisioides Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Eureka Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Infectoriae Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Japonicae Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Nimbya Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Phragmosporae Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Pseudoulocladium Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Teretispora Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Ulocladioides Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Ulocladium Woudenb. & Crous, sect. Undifilum Woudenb. & Crous. New genus - Paradendryphiella Woudenb. & Crous.
PubMed: 24014900
DOI: 10.3114/sim0015