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Vojnosanitetski Pregled Feb 2009Congenital absence of vagina is known from ancient times of Greek. According to the literature data, incidence is 1/4 000 to 1/20 000. Treatment of this anomaly includes...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Congenital absence of vagina is known from ancient times of Greek. According to the literature data, incidence is 1/4 000 to 1/20 000. Treatment of this anomaly includes non-operative and operative procedures. McIndoe procedure uses split skin graft by Thiersch. The aim of this study was to establish anatomic and histological characteristics of vagina reconstructed by McIndoe method in Mayer Küster-Rockitansky Hauser (MKRH) syndrome and compare them with normal vagina.
METHODS
The study included 21 patients of 18 and more years with congenital anomaly known as aplasio vaginae within the Mayer Küster-Rockitansky Hauser syndrome. The patients were operated on by the plastic surgeon using the McIndoe method. The study was a retrospective review of the data from the history of the disease, objective and gynecological examination and cytological analysis of native preparations of vaginal stain (Papanicolau). Comparatively, 21 females of 18 and more years with normal vaginas were also studed. All the subjects were divided into the groups R (reconstructed) and C (control) and the subgroups according to age up to 30 years (1 R, 1C), from 30 to 50 (2R, 2C), and over 50 (3R, 3C). Statistical data processing was performed by using the Student's t-test and Mann-Writney U-test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The results show that there are differences in the depth and the wideness of reconstructed vagina, but the obtained values are still in the range of normal ones. Cytological differences between a reconstructed and the normal vagina were found.
CONCLUSION
A reconstructed vagina is smaller than the normal one regarding depth and width, but within the range of normal values. A split skin graft used in the reconstruction, keeps its own cytological, i.e. histological and, so, biological characteristics.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Vagina; Young Adult
PubMed: 19281120
DOI: 10.2298/vsp0902107k -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Nov 2009The aim of this study was to determine the effect of estrogen replacement after ovariectomy on the histologic response to polypropylene mesh implanted in rabbit vagina.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of estrogen replacement after ovariectomy on the histologic response to polypropylene mesh implanted in rabbit vagina.
STUDY DESIGN
Thirty rabbits were assigned to 5 groups: sham laparotomy, ovariectomy, ovariectomy-preoperative estrogen, ovariectomy-postoperative estrogen, or ovariectomy-preoperative and postoperative estrogen. Rabbits underwent sham surgery or ovariectomy and were infused with vehicle or 17beta-estradiol (200 microg/d) for 4 weeks ("preoperative" estrogen). Polypropylene mesh was implanted in the posterior vaginal wall, and rabbits were infused with vehicle or "postoperative" estrogen for an additional 8 weeks. Grafts were harvested and underwent histologic evaluation.
RESULTS
Vaginal atrophy in ovariectomized rabbits was reversed by estrogen replacement. Scores for inflammation (P = .33) and neovascularization (P = .23) at the graft site were not different among estrogen replacement groups, but estrogen administration was associated with increased collagen deposition (P = .005).
CONCLUSION
Estrogen replacement administered for 8 weeks postoperatively increases collagen deposition into polypropylene mesh.
Topics: Animals; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Estrogens; Female; Ovariectomy; Polypropylenes; Rabbits; Surgical Mesh; Vagina
PubMed: 19683695
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.05.050 -
Endocrinology Sep 1986Estrogen and progesterone receptors were characterized in the fetal and newborn vagina of guinea pig. The concentrations of estrogen receptor (total sites, cytosol plus...
Estrogen and progesterone receptors were characterized in the fetal and newborn vagina of guinea pig. The concentrations of estrogen receptor (total sites, cytosol plus nuclei) which were very high [7090 +/- 1700 (+/- SD) fmol/mg DNA] in the fetal vagina (62-64 days gestation) decreased significantly after birth and increased slightly at 2 weeks of age. Tamoxifen (TAM) and estradiol (E2) or the combined treatment (TAM + E2) induced a great increase in weight and DNA content in both the fetal and newborn vagina. After a 12-day treatment to pregnant or newborn guinea pigs, the fetal vagina wet weights (milligrams +/- SD) were as follows: control animals, 87 +/- 14; +TAM, 254 +/- 38; +E2, 177 +/- 19; +(TAM+E2), 218 +/- 41. The values in newborn vaginas were: 155 +/- 40, 434 +/- 75, 477 +/- 49, and 512 +/- 76, respectively. The DNA contents per vagina (in micrograms per +/- SD) in the fetal tissues were as follows: control, 187 +/- 64; +TAM, 563 +/- 74; +E2, 650 +/- 100; and +(TAM+E2), 776 +/- 113; in the newborn vagina these values were: 592 +/- 75, 880 +/- 113; 781 +/- 75, and 901 +/- 15, respectively. Histological studies showed drastic morphological alterations after each of the treatments, particularly in the epithelial cells. Similarly, the ultrastructural examination with transmission electron microscopy showed the alteration of mitochondria, the development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the formation of numerous vacuoles and secretory granules. TAM stimulated the number of specific sites for progesterone, but less intensely than did E2. However, in the combined experiment (TAM+E2), TAM did not block the action of E2. It is concluded that TAM acts in the fetal and newborn vagina of guinea pigs as a real estrogen agonist.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Binding, Competitive; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; DNA; Estradiol; Female; Fetus; Guinea Pigs; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Tamoxifen; Vagina
PubMed: 3732174
DOI: 10.1210/endo-119-3-978 -
International Journal of Systematic... Oct 1999Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on a hitherto undescribed micro-organism isolated from the human vagina. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies...
Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on a hitherto undescribed micro-organism isolated from the human vagina. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strain constituted a new subline within the genus Atopobium. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from other Atopobium species by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Atopobium vaginae sp. nov. The type strain of Atopobium vaginae is CCUG 38953T.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Female; Genes, rRNA; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vagina
PubMed: 10555338
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-49-4-1573 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Bloodstream infection caused by anaerobic microorganisms continues to be associated with a high mortality risk, necessitating a rapid diagnosis and an appropriate... (Review)
Review
Bloodstream infection caused by anaerobic microorganisms continues to be associated with a high mortality risk, necessitating a rapid diagnosis and an appropriate treatment. As an anaerobic gram-positive organism associated with vaginal infections, is a rare cause of invasive infections. In this case, a 32-year-old pregnant woman with bacterial vaginosis presented with bacteremia. The microbiological analysis of the blood cultures identified . The patient was treated empirically with 5 days of cefoperazone/sulbactam and recovered well. Here, we provide a review of the literature on infections, and the reported cases demonstrate the need for awareness of the different anaerobic species found in the vaginal tract and adaptation of empirical therapies, especially in pregnant women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Adult; Pregnant Women; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Vagina; Sulbactam; Bacteremia
PubMed: 38145045
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1278921 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Oct 2017Local treatment of vaginal diseases presents advantages over systemic treatments and the interaction of the drug delivery systems with the biological tissue is a key...
Local treatment of vaginal diseases presents advantages over systemic treatments and the interaction of the drug delivery systems with the biological tissue is a key factor for a successful vaginal topical therapy. Conventional protocols for permeation studies have high variability and fail in distinguishing drug penetration from mucoadhesive or colloidal drug delivery systems from conventional formulations, as tissue interaction is normally under estimated. The protocol presented in this paper is a simplified ex vivo vertical model, in which formulations are placed in hung porcine vaginas with the objective of mimicking a condition closer to the biological circumstance, specifically considering the possible leak from the vaginal canal in the vertical position. The results indicate the proposed method was capable of differentiating formulations performances and histological evaluation showed mucosa structures are preserved during this new assay. Therefore, the ex vivo method can be considered reliable for approaching the physiological situation in comparative studies.
Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Animals; Colloids; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Ketoconazole; Mucous Membrane; Nanoparticles; Swine; Vagina
PubMed: 28697437
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.008 -
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering Dec 2021The vagina is a viscoelastic fibromuscular organ that provides support to the pelvic organs. The viscoelastic properties of the vagina are understudied but may be...
The vagina is a viscoelastic fibromuscular organ that provides support to the pelvic organs. The viscoelastic properties of the vagina are understudied but may be critical for pelvic stability. Most studies evaluate vaginal viscoelasticity under a single uniaxial load; however, the vagina is subjected to dynamic multiaxial loading in the body. It is unknown how varied multiaxial loading conditions affect vaginal viscoelastic behavior and which microstructural processes dictate the viscoelastic response. Therefore, the objective was to develop methods using extension-inflation protocols to quantify vaginal viscoelastic creep under various circumferential and axial loads. Then, the protocol was applied to quantify vaginal creep and collagen microstructure in the fibulin-5 wildtype and haploinsufficient vaginas. To evaluate pressure-dependent creep, the fibulin-5 wildtype and haploinsufficient vaginas (n = 7/genotype) were subjected to various constant pressures at the physiologic length for 100 s. For axial length-dependent creep, the vaginas (n = 7/genotype) were extended to various fixed axial lengths then subjected to the mean in vivo pressure for 100 s. Second-harmonic generation imaging was performed to quantify collagen fiber organization and undulation (n = 3/genotype). Increased pressure significantly increased creep strain in the wildtype, but not the haploinsufficient vagina. The axial length did not significantly affect the creep rate or strain in both genotypes. Collagen undulation varied through the depth of the subepithelium but not between genotypes. These findings suggest that the creep response to loading may vary with biological processes and pathologies, therefore, evaluating vaginal creep under various circumferential loads may be important to understand vaginal function.
Topics: Animals; Elasticity; Female; Haploinsufficiency; Mice; Pelvis; Stress, Mechanical; Vagina; Viscosity
PubMed: 34494082
DOI: 10.1115/1.4052365 -
Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et... 1984Transverse septa underneath the cervix are thick and have above them a funnel-shaped vault covered by pathological mucous membranes. The surgical procedures that are...
Transverse septa underneath the cervix are thick and have above them a funnel-shaped vault covered by pathological mucous membranes. The surgical procedures that are normally used to try to treat the condition and to avoid soft tissue dystocia by carrying out V-Y plasties using Garcia's technique or Z-plasties, or even radial incisions followed by the insertion of a pack, are all somewhat unsatisfactory. The authors, confronted with a similar case, decided to cut out the dome of the vagina and the diaphragm and followed that by a small amputation of the cervix, with anastomosis of the uterus and the remaining vagina.
Topics: Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Methods; Radiography; Vagina
PubMed: 6736592
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 1984A simple and reproducible scheme for identifying biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis has been developed, based on reactions for lipase, hippurate hydrolysis, and...
A simple and reproducible scheme for identifying biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis has been developed, based on reactions for lipase, hippurate hydrolysis, and beta-galactosidase. Among a total of 359 strains tested, eight biotypes were observed, the most common ones being types 1 (beta-galactosidase positive, lipase positive, hippurate positive), 2 (beta-galactosidase negative, lipase positive, hippurate positive), and 5 (beta-galactosidase negative, lipase negative, hippurate positive). The distribution in biotypes was similar among isolates from Antwerp, Seattle, and Nairobi. There were no differences in biotypes between strains isolated from patients with and without bacterial vaginosis (nonspecific vaginitis). Up to 14% of women with bacterial vaginosis harbored at least two different biotypes of G. vaginalis in the vagina. G. vaginalis strains isolated before and after treatment for bacterial vaginosis belonged to identical biotypes when the time interval between two specimens was less than 1 week. Similarly, G. vaginalis isolates from the vaginas of women with bacterial vaginosis and from the urethras of their male sex partners belonged to identical biotypes when strains were isolated within the same 24-h period from both partners (P less than 0.005).
Topics: Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus; Humans; Male; Vagina; Vaginitis
PubMed: 6333436
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.20.4.677-679.1984 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 1992Neonatal treatment of female mice with diethylstilbestrol (DES) results in genital tract abnormalities including ovary-independent vaginal proliferation and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Neonatal treatment of female mice with diethylstilbestrol (DES) results in genital tract abnormalities including ovary-independent vaginal proliferation and cornification. Protein profiles were examined in vagina and uterus from 45-day-old, ovariectomized C57BL/Tw mice which had been given 5 daily injections of 2 micrograms DES or oil vehicle alone from the day of birth, and in those from 45-day-old, ovariectomized mice given 3 daily injections of 0.1 microgram DES from 42 days of age. Proteins extracted were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the vagina, expression of 37 non-keratin proteins was altered by postpubertal injections of DES as compared with the controls. In the neonatally DES-exposed vagina, expression of 26 of 37 proteins was altered as compared with controls. In the uterus, expression of 22 proteins was altered in the postpubertally DES-exposed group as compared with that in the control; however, the protein expression pattern of the neonatally DES-exposed group closely resembled that of the control except for one protein (no. 23, pI = 6.1, MW = 39.5 kDa) which was specifically increased in the neonatally DES-exposed group. By immunoblot analysis, 6 keratin polypeptides (49.5, 50, 52, 53, 57 and 58 kDa) were identified in vaginae of ovariectomized mice exposed neonatally and postpubertally to DES and of the controls. These results indicate that neonatal DES exposure induces organ specific alterations in the synthesis of proteins in mouse vagina and uterus.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Diethylstilbestrol; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Epithelium; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Keratins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Organ Specificity; Ovariectomy; Protein Biosynthesis; Sexual Maturation; Uterus; Vagina; Vaginal Diseases
PubMed: 1378305
DOI: No ID Found