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Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2022To study clinical efficacy of valganciclovir in cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive-positive patients in a tertiary care...
PURPOSE
To study clinical efficacy of valganciclovir in cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive-positive patients in a tertiary care clinic in a developing nation.
METHODS
In a retrospective study, systemic and ocular records of HIV patients suffering from CMVR and treated with valganciclovir, were analyzed. Primary outcome measures were involvement of the other eye, incidence of retinal detachment, systemic involvement, and mortality encountered. Secondary outcome measures included change in BCVA.
RESULTS
Out of nine patients who were included, two patients developed CMVR in the other eye and only one patient (11.11%) developed retinal detachment during the course of the study. No patient developed any systemic manifestations or had mortality during the course of the study. The change in BCVA was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
Use of oral valganciclovir showed good outcome and was found to be a better alternative compared to the use of intravitreal ganciclovir in the literature. Introduction of valganciclovir at an affordable price in developing nations can decrease disease burden.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Retinitis; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; India; Retinal Detachment; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers; Valganciclovir
PubMed: 35791137
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2787_21 -
Pediatric Transplantation Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Child; Valganciclovir; Antiviral Agents; Ganciclovir; Organ Transplantation
PubMed: 36945839
DOI: 10.1111/petr.14494 -
Transplantation Sep 2014
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Desensitization, Immunologic; Drug Eruptions; Ganciclovir; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Valganciclovir
PubMed: 25171536
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000000320 -
American Journal of Transplantation :... Dec 2019
Topics: BK Virus; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Polyomavirus Infections; Valganciclovir; Viremia
PubMed: 31400049
DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15562 -
American Journal of Transplantation :... Sep 2007
Topics: Administration, Oral; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Ganciclovir; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Valganciclovir; Viremia
PubMed: 17697259
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01925.x -
Current Drug Metabolism Feb 2013Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common cause of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss and an important cause of psychomotor retardation. Newborns... (Review)
Review
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common cause of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss and an important cause of psychomotor retardation. Newborns suffering from symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection have been typically treated with i.v. ganciclovir (GCV). Nowadays valganciclovir (V-GCV), a mono-valyl ester pro-drug of GCV, is available as an oral syrup. The existing literature demonstrated that V-GCV is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is rapidly converted into GCV in the intestinal wall and liver. The mechanism of antiviral action is the same that has been described for GCV. All these characteristics make this formulation particularly suitable for the symptomatic congenitally infected newborns. In neonates, V-GCV oral formulation proved stable and constant GVC plasma concentrations, in the suggested therapeutic range. The syrup demonstrated to be clinically effective and well tolerated and to be appropriate for a prolonged post-discharge therapy avoiding the discomfort of hospitalization, reducing the risk for nosocomial infections and decreasing the cost for the National Health Service. This article reviews all the available literature about V-GCV syrup in the treatment of newborns and infants with congenital CMV infection with the regard to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic properties and clinical use, focussing on new data and on our experience.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Drug Interactions; Ganciclovir; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Symporters; Treatment Outcome; Valganciclovir
PubMed: 22935067
DOI: No ID Found -
Transplant Infectious Disease : An... Oct 2019Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections and reactivations are common after lung transplantation and are associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans...
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections and reactivations are common after lung transplantation and are associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Against this background, temporary HCMV prophylaxis is an established standard regimen after lung transplantation in most centers. However, the optimal duration of prophylaxis is unclear. We conducted a retrospective two-center study to determine the efficacy of indefinite lifelong HCMV prophylaxis with oral valganciclovir in a cohort of 133 lung transplant recipients with a mean follow-up time of approximately 5 years. During the follow-up period, HCMV DNA was detected in 22 recipients (16.5%). In one case, HCMV pneumonitis developed after prophylaxis had been terminated. We observed a beneficial safety profile and tolerability in our cohort, as the majority of patients still received valganciclovir after a 1- and 3-year observation period, respectively. Compared to the literature, these data indicate a beneficial effect of extended valganciclovir prophylaxis with an acceptable safety profile.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Lung Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Transplant Recipients; Valganciclovir; Young Adult
PubMed: 31278878
DOI: 10.1111/tid.13138 -
Transplant Infectious Disease : An... Apr 2022
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Ganciclovir; Humans; Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy; Lung; Transplant Recipients; Valganciclovir; Voriconazole
PubMed: 35238448
DOI: 10.1111/tid.13818 -
Clinics and Research in Hepatology and... Sep 2016
Topics: Administration, Oral; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Ganciclovir; Gastritis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Valganciclovir
PubMed: 27067039
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.02.007 -
Pediatric Research Apr 2020The role of antiviral prophylaxis to prevent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric solid organ transplant...
BACKGROUND
The role of antiviral prophylaxis to prevent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients is controversial. We examined whether valganciclovir (VAL) prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infection was associated with EBV viremia following transplantation in EBV-naive children.
METHODS
A single-center, retrospective study was conducted of EBV-naive pediatric heart and renal transplant recipients with an EBV-positive donor from January 1996 to April 2017. VAL was tested for association with EBV viremia-free survival in the first 6 months posttransplantation when immunosuppressant exposure is the highest. Survival models evaluated VAL duration, with adjustment for other baseline confounders.
RESULTS
Among the cohort (n = 44), 3 (6.8%) were heart transplants, 25 (56.8%) received VAL, and 22 (50%) developed EBV viremia in the first-year posttransplantation. Mean time-to-viremia was 143 vs. 90 days for the VAL and no-VAL groups, respectively (p = 0.008), in the first 6 months. Only two patients developed viremia while on VAL. Each additional day of VAL was associated with 1.4% increase in viremia-free survival (p < 0.001). Multivariable modeling of VAL with other baseline risk factors did not identify other independent risk factors.
CONCLUSION
VAL is independently associated with delayed onset of EBV viremia, with prolongation of delay with each additional day of antiviral prophylaxis.
Topics: Adolescent; Antiviral Agents; Child; Disease-Free Survival; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Female; Graft Survival; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Organ Transplantation; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Transplant Recipients; Valganciclovir; Viremia
PubMed: 31377753
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0523-4