-
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Dec 1984We examined the influence of age on vancomycin kinetics in 12 normal healthy men (six young and six elderly) after an intravenous infusion of 6 mg/kg. Serial blood and...
We examined the influence of age on vancomycin kinetics in 12 normal healthy men (six young and six elderly) after an intravenous infusion of 6 mg/kg. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for up to 2 days after dosing and were assayed for unchanged drug by a specific radioimmunoassay. Serum concentrations of vancomycin after infusion declined in a multiphasic manner. Both serum and urinary excretion data were simultaneously fit by a three-compartment model with SAAM-27 computer programs. Estimates of mean t1/2 obtained from the terminal phase of the drug disposition profile showed the t1/2 to be longer in the elderly than in the young subjects (12.1 and 7.2 hr). Although there was no change in the initial distribution volume of the central compartment, total systemic and renal clearances were reduced in the elderly and did not correlate with renal function. The increase in the vancomycin volume of distribution at steady state was ascribed to enhanced tissue binding of drug in the elderly, since the mean fraction of vancomycin bound in systemic pool of the young and elderly did not differ (0.53 and 0.56). In-depth analysis of excretion data tends to support suggestions of vancomycin excretion solely by glomerular filtration. Our data strongly suggest the need for adjustment or modification of recommended vancomycin dosing schedules in the elderly.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Creatinine; Half-Life; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Vancomycin
PubMed: 6499360
DOI: 10.1038/clpt.1984.260 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Apr 2020
Topics: Area Under Curve; Humans; Infections; Periodicals as Topic; Vancomycin
PubMed: 31927116
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.12.023 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Sep 1999
Review
Topics: Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Vancomycin
PubMed: 10488798
DOI: 10.4065/74.9.928 -
American Family Physician May 1987
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Kinetics; Staphylococcal Infections; Vancomycin
PubMed: 3577993
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jan 2017Herein we investigate the efficiency of various biomimetic coatings for localized drug delivery, using vancomycin as key therapeutic drug, which is a widely used...
Herein we investigate the efficiency of various biomimetic coatings for localized drug delivery, using vancomycin as key therapeutic drug, which is a widely used antibiotic for the treatment of strong infections caused by positive Gram bacteria. We evaluate classical hydroxyapatite and biomimetic hydroxyapatite-collagen coatings obtained by electrochemical deposition as well as TiO nanotubes arrays obtained by electrochemical anodization. Surface morphology, compositional and structural data confirm the incorporation of vancomycin into the layers and drug release profiles for vancomycin evaluate their release ability. Namely, hydroxyapatite coatings lead to a ≈92% vancomycin release after 30h and hydroxyapatite-collagen to 85%, while the TiO nanotubes layers lead to 78% release. The antibacterial effect of such drug loaded coatings is evaluated against S. aureus (Gram-positive bacteria). Our study shows that the vancomycin incorporated hydroxyapatite coatings lead to a faster release, while the nanotubular coatings may lead to longer time release and additionally both types of coatings ensure a good antibacterial inhibition.
Topics: Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Collagen; Drug Liberation; Durapatite; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanotubes; Titanium; Vancomycin
PubMed: 27913240
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.062 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Dec 1992
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ear Diseases; Humans; Vancomycin
PubMed: 1289361
DOI: 10.1093/jac/30.6.865 -
American Journal of Diseases of... Feb 1986Twenty vancomycin pharmacokinetic studies were performed on 17 small infants who were receiving the antibiotic for treatment of documented infections. Fourteen patients...
Twenty vancomycin pharmacokinetic studies were performed on 17 small infants who were receiving the antibiotic for treatment of documented infections. Fourteen patients were less than or equal to 41 weeks' postconception. In this group there was no statistical difference in mean elimination rate, volume of distribution, or clearance between neonates and infants 4 to 8 weeks of age. However, they had significantly lower clearance and prolonged mean beta-half-life than infants who were 3 to 6 months old (greater than 43 weeks' postconception). Vancomycin clearance was directly related to postconceptional age by linear regression analysis. beta-Half-life was influenced by the weight of the patient, volume of distribution, and gestational age. In view of the interpatient variability observed in the prematurely born infants, pharmacokinetic studies should be performed to determine the appropriate dose and intervals in vancomycin therapy.
Topics: Age Factors; Bacterial Infections; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Kinetics; Male; Vancomycin
PubMed: 3946318
DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140160025021 -
Iowa Medicine : Journal of the Iowa... Jun 1988
Review
Topics: Clostridium Infections; Humans; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Vancomycin
PubMed: 3290152
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical... 2018The antibacterial activity of some antibiotics is specific to either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. There are different mechanisms behind such...
PURPOSE
The antibacterial activity of some antibiotics is specific to either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. There are different mechanisms behind such insensitivities like inability of antibiotics to permeate through some bacterial membranes, as is the case for vancomycin in Gram-negative bacteria. The present investigation tries to overcome this problem by dendrimers, in order to make Gram-negative bacteria responsive to vancomycin.
METHODS
The effects of generations 3 (G3) and 5 (G5) polyamidoamine amine-terminated dendrimers (NH2-PAMAM), on the antibacterial activity of vancomycin, were evaluated. Vancomycin-PAMAM dendrimers complexes were prepared and their antibacterial activities were evaluated by determination of their "minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)", "minimum bactericidal concentration" and "fractional inhibitory concentration index" values against two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria, using broth micro-dilution method. The complexation of vancomycin and dendrimers was also assessed by in vitro release studies across dialysis tubing using a developed HPLC method.
RESULTS
Results showed that vancomycin solution was effective against Gram-positive bacteria, but, was not effective in Gram-negative ones. Vancomycin-PAMAM dendrimers exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria resulting in a decline of vancomycin MIC values by about 2, 2, 4 and 64 times in E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Results also showed that enhanced effect by G5 is more than G3. Dendrimers did not affect antibacterial activity of vancomycin in Gram-positive bacteria, as no permeation problem exists here.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study revealed that both G3 and G5 cationic PAMAM dendrimers are able to make Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to vancomycin, resulting in decline of MIC values up to 64 times, possibly by increasing its permeation through bacterial membrane. These results look promising for broadening the antibacterial spectrum of vancomycin and such a strategy might be used for increasing the overall life of antibiotics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dendrimers; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polyamines; Vancomycin
PubMed: 30589641
DOI: 10.18433/jpps29659 -
Organic Letters Apr 2005[reaction: see text] The rapid diversification of glycopeptides via glycorandomization reveals that significantly diverse substitutions are tolerated and suggests there...
[reaction: see text] The rapid diversification of glycopeptides via glycorandomization reveals that significantly diverse substitutions are tolerated and suggests there may be a synergistic benefit to the construction of mechanistically related natural product core scaffold fusions. This work also further highlights the utility of chemoenzymatic approaches to diversify complex natural product architectures.
Topics: Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Genetic Engineering; Glucosyltransferases; Glycopeptides; Methicillin Resistance; Molecular Structure; Salmonella; Staphylococcus aureus; Vancomycin
PubMed: 15816740
DOI: 10.1021/ol0501626