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Oral Diseases Apr 2008Compare the microbial profiles on the tongue dorsum in patients with halitosis and control subjects in a UK population using culture-independent techniques.
AIM
Compare the microbial profiles on the tongue dorsum in patients with halitosis and control subjects in a UK population using culture-independent techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Halitosis patients were screened according to our recently developed recruitment protocol. Scrapings from the tongue dorsum were obtained for 12 control subjects and 20 halitosis patients. Bacteria were identified by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
RESULTS
The predominant species found in the control samples were Lysobacter-type species, Streptococcus salivarius, Veillonella dispar, unidentified oral bacterium, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Atopobium parvulum and Veillonella atypica. In the halitosis samples, Lysobacter-type species, S. salivarius, Prevotella melaninogenica, unidentified oral bacterium, Prevotella veroralis and Prevotella pallens were the most commonly found species. For the control samples, 13-16 (4.7-5.8%) of 276 clones represented uncultured species, whereas in the halitosis samples, this proportion increased to 6.5-9.6% (36-53 of 553 clones). In the control samples, 22 (8.0%) of 276 clones represented potentially novel phylotypes, and in the halitosis samples, this figure was 39 (7.1%) of 553 clones.
CONCLUSIONS
The microflora associated with the tongue dorsum is complex in both the control and halitosis groups, but several key species predominate in both groups.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Biofilms; Case-Control Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods; Halitosis; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tongue
PubMed: 18336372
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01371.x -
Microorganisms May 2020Oral bacteria possess the ability to form biofilms on solid surfaces. After the penetration of oral bacteria into the pulp, the contact between biofilms and pulp tissue...
Oral bacteria possess the ability to form biofilms on solid surfaces. After the penetration of oral bacteria into the pulp, the contact between biofilms and pulp tissue may result in pulpitis, pulp necrosis and/or periapical lesion. Depending on the environmental conditions and the availability of nutrients in the pulp chamber and root canals, mainly Gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms predominate and form the intracanal endodontic biofilm. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of different substrates on biofilm formation as well as the separate and collective incorporation of six endodontic pathogens, namely and into a nine-species "basic biofilm". This biofilm was formed in vitro as a standard subgingival biofilm, comprising and The resulting endodontic-like biofilms were grown 64 h under the same conditions on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. After harvesting the endodontic-like biofilms, the bacterial growth was determined using quantitative real-time PCR, were labeled using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The addition of six endodontic pathogens to the "basic biofilm" induced a decrease in the cell number of the "basic" species. Interestingly, counts increased in biofilms containing and respectively, both on hydroxyapatite and on dentin discs, whereas counts increased only on dentin discs by addition of . The growth of on hydroxyapatite discs and of and on dentin discs were significantly higher in the biofilm containing all species than in the "basic biofilm". Contrarily, the counts of , and on hydroxyapatite discs as well as counts of and on dentin discs decreased in the all-species biofilm. Overall, all bacterial species associated with endodontic infections were successfully incorporated into the standard multispecies biofilm model both on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. Thus, future investigations on endodontic infections can rely on this newly established endodontic-like multispecies biofilm model.
PubMed: 32384777
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050674 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018The purpose of this study was to investigate strain dependent differences of the cariogenic biofilm forming within both simple and complex communities. A mono-species...
The purpose of this study was to investigate strain dependent differences of the cariogenic biofilm forming within both simple and complex communities. A mono-species containing representative clinical isolates (caries and non-caries), and a multispecies caries biofilm model containing , , and , and either of two representative clinical isolates (caries and non-caries), was developed as a comparison model. Compositional analysis of total and live bacteria within biofilms, and transcriptional analysis of biofilm associated virulence factors were evaluated by live/dead PCR and quantitative PCR, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the architecture of biofilm. One-way analysis of variance and -tests were used to investigate significant differences between independent groups of data. Within a mono-species biofilm, different strains responded similarly to one another during biofilm formation in different carbohydrate sources, with sucrose showing the highest levels of biofilm biomass and galactose showing the lowest. Within the polymicrobial biofilm system, compositional analysis of the bacteria within the biofilm showed that derived from a caries-free patient was preferentially composed of both total and viable , whereas derived from a caries patient was dominated by both total and viable ( < 0.001). Normalized gene expression analysis of , , , , , and , showed a general upregulation within the dominant biofilm. We were able to demonstrate that individual strains derived from different patients exhibited altered biofilm characteristics, which were not obvious within a simple mono-species biofilm model. Influencing the environmental conditions changed the composition and functionality within the polymicrobial biofilm. The biofilm model described herein provides a novel and reproducible method of assessing the impact on the biofilm microbiome upon different environmental influences.
PubMed: 30083138
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01498 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2019Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic genetic disease that leads to pulmonary and digestive disorders. In the majority of CF patients, the intestine is the site of chronic...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic genetic disease that leads to pulmonary and digestive disorders. In the majority of CF patients, the intestine is the site of chronic inflammation and microbiota disturbances. The link between gut inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis is still poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to assess gut microbiota composition in CF children depending on their intestinal inflammation. We collected fecal samples from 20 children with CF. Fecal calprotectin levels were measured and fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. We observed intestinal inflammation was associated with microbiota disturbances characterized mainly by increased abundances of , and , along with decreased abundances of , , and . Those changes exhibited similarities with that of Crohn's disease (CD), as evidenced by the elevated CD Microbial-Dysbiosis index that we applied for the first time in CF. Furthermore, the significant over-representation of in children with intestinal inflammation appears to be specific to CF and raises the issue of gut-lung axis involvement. Taken together, our results provide new arguments to link gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation in CF and suggest the key role of the gut-lung axis in the CF evolution.
PubMed: 31083321
DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050645 -
Microorganisms Jun 2020Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the chronic inflammation of the sinus cavities of the upper respiratory tract, which can be caused by a disrupted microbiome. However,...
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the chronic inflammation of the sinus cavities of the upper respiratory tract, which can be caused by a disrupted microbiome. However, the role of the oral microbiome in CRS is not well understood. Polymicrobial and anaerobic infections of CRS frequently increased the difficulty of cultured and antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to elucidate the patterns and clinical feasibility of the oral microbiome in CRS diagnosis. Matched saliva and nasal swabs were collected from 18 CRS patients and 37 saliva specimens from normal volunteers were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. The α-diversity of the saliva displayed no significant difference between control and CRS patients, whereas the β-diversity was significantly different ( = 0.004). Taxonomic indices demonstrated that , , and were enriched, while and were reduced in the saliva of CRS patients. These microbial markers could significantly distinguish CRS patients from control (AUC = 0.939). It is noted that the 16S rRNA results of the nasal swab were consistent with the nasopharynx aerobic culture, and additionally detected multiple pathogens in CRS patients. In summary, these results indicated these oral microbiomes may provide a novel signal for CRS detection and that NGS may be an alternative approach for CRS diagnosis.
PubMed: 32604855
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060959 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Oct 2014To examine the microbial diversity associated with implants with or without peri-implantitis and to identify differences between the bacterial communities in these...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To examine the microbial diversity associated with implants with or without peri-implantitis and to identify differences between the bacterial communities in these clinical conditions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twenty subjects were assigned to a Control group consisting of subjects with healthy implants and a Test group consisting of subjects with peri-implantitis sites, as well as a healthy implant site (n = 10/group). In the Test group, subgingival biofilm samples were taken from the deepest sites of the diseased implant. In both groups, samples were collected from one site around a healthy implant. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced, and the phylotypes were identified by comparison with known 16S rRNA sequences.
RESULTS
The phylogenetic identity of 1387 16S rRNA gene clones was determined. Healthy implants demonstrated higher proportions of Actinomyces, Atopobium, Gemella, Kingella and Rothia and lower levels of Campylobacter, Desulfobulbus, Dialister, Eubacterium, Filifactor, Mitsukella, Porphyromonas and Pseudoramibacter (Mann-Whitney U-test; P < 0.05). Fusobacterium nucleatum, Dialister invisus, Streptococcus sp. human oral taxon (HOT) 064, Filifactor alocis and Mitsuokella sp. HOT 131 presented a higher mean proportion, while Veillonella dispar, Actinomyces meyeri, Granulicatella adiacens showed lower mean proportions in the peri-implantitis sites when compared with healthy implants in both the Control and Test groups (Mann-Whitney U-test; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Marked differences were observed in the composition of the subgingival biofilm between healthy and diseased implants. The biofilm associated with peri-implantitis harbored more pathogenic bacterial species from the orange complex and other "unusual" putative pathogens, such as F. alocis, D. invisus and Mitsuokella sp. HOT 131.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Load; Bacteriological Techniques; Biofilms; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peri-Implantitis; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23845046
DOI: 10.1111/clr.12231 -
PloS One 2018We investigated the association between bacterial microbiota in breast milk and the infant mouth. The influence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection on infant oral...
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the association between bacterial microbiota in breast milk and the infant mouth. The influence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection on infant oral microbiota was also assessed.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Altogether 35 breast milk and 35 infant oral samples with known HPV status were selected from the Finnish Family HPV Study cohort. In total, there were 31 mother-infant pairs. The microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 region).
RESULTS
HPV DNA was present in 8.6% (3/35) of the breast milk and 40% (14/35) of the infant oral samples. Eight shared genera between breast milk and infant oral were found; these included Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Unclassified Gemellaceae, Rothia, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Propionibacterium and Corynebacterium. HPV status was not associated with either microbiota richness or diversity in the infant mouth. However, the infant oral microbiota clustered in different groups according to HPV status. We detected higher abundance of Veillonella dispar (p = 0.048) at species level in HPV negative infant oral samples. We did not detect differences in the breast milk microbiota composition related to HPV infection due to only three HPV positive milk samples.
CONCLUSIONS
HPV infection is associated with distinct oral bacterial microbiota composition in infants. The direction of causality underlying the phenomenon remains unclear.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodiversity; Cohort Studies; Discriminant Analysis; Female; Finland; Genotype; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microbiota; Milk, Human; Mouth Mucosa; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Principal Component Analysis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Veillonella
PubMed: 30395655
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207016 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jul 2019To combat implant-associated infections, there is a need for novel materials which effectively inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. In the present study, the...
To combat implant-associated infections, there is a need for novel materials which effectively inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. In the present study, the antiadhesive properties of titanium surface functionalization based on the "slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces" (SLIPS) principle were demonstrated and the underlying mechanism was analyzed. The immobilized liquid layer was stable over 13 days of continuous flow in an oral flow chamber system. With increasing flow rates, the surface exhibited a significant reduction in attached biofilm of both the oral initial colonizer Streptococcus oralis and an oral multispecies biofilm composed of S. oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Using single cell force spectroscopy, reduced S. oralis adhesion forces on the lubricant layer could be measured. Gene expression patterns in biofilms on SLIPS, on control surfaces, and expression patterns of planktonic cultures were also compared. For this purpose, the genome of S. oralis strain ATCC 9811 was sequenced using PacBio Sequel technology. Even though biofilm cells showed clear changes in gene expression compared to planktonic cells, no differences could be detected between bacteria on SLIPS and on control surfaces. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ability of liquid-infused titanium to repel S. oralis biofilms is mainly due to weakened bacterial adhesion to the underlying liquid interface.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Single-Cell Analysis; Spectrum Analysis; Streptococcus oralis; Surface Properties; Titanium; Veillonella
PubMed: 31173692
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06817 -
Archives of Oral Biology May 2018Fluoride is widely used as an anti-caries agent, e.g. in toothpastes and mouth rinses. However, the nature of the anti-caries action is not entirely clear. Mechanisms...
OBJECTIVE
Fluoride is widely used as an anti-caries agent, e.g. in toothpastes and mouth rinses. However, the nature of the anti-caries action is not entirely clear. Mechanisms suspected to explain the cariostatic effect include inhibitory effects on acid formation by bacteria, inhibition of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, inhibition of enamel demineralization and enhancement of remineralizaton or combination thereof. The aim of this study was to examine with the supragingival Zurich in vitro biofilm model the effect of fluoride in NaF formulation, on the microbiota and on demineralization.
METHODS
Biofilms consisting of Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella dispar and Streptococcus sobrinus, were grown anaerobically on sintered hydroxyapatite or bovine enamel disks, exposed to 200, 400, and 1400 ppm of NaF, or 0.1% chlorhexidine (positive control). The biofilms were harvested after 64 h and CFUs were assessed for total bacteria. Demineralization of enamel disks was measured by quantitative light-induced fluorescence.
RESULTS
NaF did not affect the bacterial numbers. No enamel mineral loss was observed at 1400 and 400 ppm of fluoride, whereas the pH of the surrounding medium was increased to 5.5 and 5.0, respectively, compared to the untreated control (pH 4.5 and mineral loss ΔF of -32%). At 1400 ppm NaF the biofilm's EPS volume was also significantly reduced.
CONCLUSIONS
Administration of NaF completely prevented demineralization without affecting biofilm composition and growth. This protective effect may be attributed to the observed decrease in acid production or EPS volume, or to a shift in the de/remineralization balance.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Biofilms; Cariostatic Agents; Cattle; Chlorhexidine; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Durapatite; Fluorides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Microbiota; Mouth; Mouthwashes; Phosphates; Saliva; Sodium Fluoride; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Demineralization; Toothpastes
PubMed: 29482049
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.010 -
Lupus Science & Medicine Oct 2021The risk factors associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with SLE remain uncertain. We evaluated the vaginal microbiota pattern and its potential...
OBJECTIVE
The risk factors associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with SLE remain uncertain. We evaluated the vaginal microbiota pattern and its potential UTI-associated risk factors.
METHODS
A pilot cross-sectional study of patients with SLE was conducted at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, during 2019-2020. Patients' demographic data and relevant information were collected. Vaginal microbiota was assessed in all patients and in 10 healthy volunteers.
RESULTS
Fifty-two patients were enrolled (mean age: 46.1 years). All patients had SLE that was in low disease activity. As per the Simpson_e index, the within-group alpha diversity of the vaginal microbiota was low in the SLE with UTI and SLE receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that TMP-SMX prophylaxis (adjusted OR (AOR), 30.96; 95% CI 3.63 to 264.11; p=0.002), elevated C3 levels (AOR, 35.33; 95% CI 1.33 to 936.67; p=0.033) and presence of in the vaginal microbiota (AOR, 6.68; 95% CI 1.27 to 35.07; p=0.025) were associated with UTI.
CONCLUSIONS
The vaginal microbiota diversity differed between patients with lupus with and without UTI, and unnecessary administration of TMP-SMX prophylaxis may affect the alpha diversity of the vaginal microbiota.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Thailand; Urinary Tract Infections; Veillonella
PubMed: 34706864
DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000551