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Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam,... Jan 2022Venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is a highly prescribed antidepressant and is detected at µg/L concentrations in waterways...
Venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is a highly prescribed antidepressant and is detected at µg/L concentrations in waterways receiving municipal wastewater effluents. We previously showed that early-life venlafaxine exposure disrupted the normal development of the nervous system and reduces larval activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, it is unclear whether the reduced swimming activity may be associated with impaired cardiac function. Here we tested the hypothesis that zygotic exposure to venlafaxine impacts the development and function of the larval zebrafish heart. Venlafaxine (0, 1 or 10 ng) was administered by microinjection into freshly fertilized zebrafish embryos (1-4 cell stage) to assess heart development and function during early-life stages. Venlafaxine deposition in the zygote led to precocious development of the embryo heart, including the timing of the first heartbeat, increased heart size, and a higher heart rate at 24- and 48-hours post-fertilization (hpf). Also, waterborne exposure to environmental levels of this antidepressant during early development increased the heart rate at 48 hpf of zebrafish larvae mimicking the zygotic deposition. The venlafaxine-induced higher heart rate in the embryos was abolished in the presence of NAN-190, an antagonist of the 5HT receptor. Also, heart rate dropped below control levels in the 10 ng, but not 1 ng venlafaxine group at 72 and 96 hpf. An acute stressor reduced the venlafaxine-induced heart rate at 48 hpf but did not affect the already reduced heart rate at 72 and 96 hpf in the 10 ng venlafaxine group. Our results suggest that the higher heart rate in the venlafaxine group may be due to an enhanced serotonin stimulation of the 5HT receptor. Taken together, early-life venlafaxine exposure disrupts cardiac development and has the potential to compromise the cardiovascular performance of larval zebrafish.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Heart; Larva; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish
PubMed: 34856460
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106041 -
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing Oct 2022Hyperprolactinemia with galactorrhea is a well-documented adverse effect of some psychotropic medications. While advanced practice psychiatric nurses are likely familiar...
Hyperprolactinemia with galactorrhea is a well-documented adverse effect of some psychotropic medications. While advanced practice psychiatric nurses are likely familiar with hyperprolactinemia with galactorrhea as an adverse effect of antipsychotics, they may be less familiar with hyperprolactinemia with galactorrhea associated with antidepressants, an adverse effect that is far less common. Advanced practice psychiatric nurses must be able to identify hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea in patients and must be able to evaluate and manage antidepressant-related hyperprolactinemia with galactorrhea. Thus, this case report describes hyperprolactinemia with galactorrhea in a teenage female prescribed venlafaxine for the treatment of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that describes galactorrhea related to a reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) in an adolescent.
Topics: Adolescent; Amenorrhea; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Galactorrhea; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Pregnancy; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
PubMed: 36064232
DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.06.001 -
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Mar 2022Migraine, as a primary headache, is among the leading causes of disability worldwide. The present study aimed at comparing the effects of venlafaxine (VLF) and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Migraine, as a primary headache, is among the leading causes of disability worldwide. The present study aimed at comparing the effects of venlafaxine (VLF) and amitriptyline (AMT) reducing the severity and the number of migraine attacks.
METHODS
Patients with complaints of migraine attacks were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received amitriptyline at a dose of 25 mg every night, and the second group received venlafaxine at a dose of 37.5 mg daily. The duration of treatment was eight weeks.
RESULTS
Eighty patients participated in the current study, out of which 57.5% were females. The mean age of the participants was 33 years, and the mean duration of disease was eight years. Both amitriptyline and venlafaxine significantly reduced the number of attacks per month (AMT: from 10.98 to 2.98, VLF: from 9.98 to 3.18), and six-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) score (AMT: from 67.78 to 49.73, VLF: from 66.65 to 48.88), and no significant difference was observed between the two drugs. The results demonstrated no significant relationship between age or disease duration with the score of the HIT-6. The decrease rate in the score of the HIT-6 in males was higher than that of females which shows the modifier role of the gender. Besides, it is noteworthy to mention that the adverse effects of amitriptyline exceeded the venlafaxine among the patients.
CONCLUSION
The effectiveness of AMT and VLF in terms of their potential to reduce the intensity and duration of headaches was more noticeable in male patients than female patients. In terms of adverse drug reactions, patients in the amitriptyline group complained more about adverse drug reactions (ADR) than patients in the venlafaxine group. It seems that in similar conditions, venlafaxine could have priority over amitriptyline in migraine prophylaxis.
Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Headache; Humans; Male; Migraine Disorders; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
PubMed: 35151971
DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107151 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2020Venlafaxine (VEN), as one of the popular anti-depressants, is widely utilized for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, as well as anxiety. This... (Review)
Review
Venlafaxine (VEN), as one of the popular anti-depressants, is widely utilized for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, as well as anxiety. This drug influences the chemicals in the brain, which may result in imbalance in depressed individuals. However, venlafaxine and its metabolites are contaminants in water. They have exerted an adverse influence on living organisms through their migration and transformation in various forms of adsorption, photolysis, hydrolysis, and biodegradation followed by the formation of various active compounds in the environment. Hence, it is crucial to determine VEN with low concentrations in high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Some analytical techniques have been practically designed to quantify VEN. However, electroanalytical procedures have been of interest due to the superior advantages in comparison to conventional techniques, because such methods feature rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity, and affordability. Therefore, this mini-review aims to present the electrochemical determination of VEN with diverse electrodes, such as carbon paste electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes, mercury-based electrodes, screen-printed electrodes, pencil graphite electrodes, and ion-selective electrodes.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Carbon; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Graphite; Reproducibility of Results; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 32630056
DOI: 10.3390/s20133675 -
Life Sciences Jan 2022Venlafaxine, a norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, impairs rat sperm parameters, spermatogenesis and causes high intratesticular estrogen and testosterone...
Venlafaxine, a norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, impairs rat sperm parameters, spermatogenesis and causes high intratesticular estrogen and testosterone levels, indicating that Leydig cells (LCs) may be a venlafaxine target. We evaluated the effect of venlafaxine treatment on rat LCs, focusing on adrenergic signaling, EGF immunoexpression and steroidogenesis. Germ cells mitotic/meiotic activity and UCHL1 levels were also evaluated in the seminiferous epithelium. Eighteen adult male rats received 30 mg/kg of venlafaxine (n = 9) or distilled water (n = 9). The seminiferous tubules, epithelium and LCs nuclear areas were measured, and the immunoexpression of Ki-67, UCHL1, StAR, EGF, c-Kit and 17β-HSD was evaluated. UCHL1, StAR and EGF protein levels and Adra1a, Nur77 and Ndrg2 expression were analyzed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite testicular levels, and serum estrogen and testosterone levels were measured. Venlafaxine induced LCs hypertrophy and Ndrg2 upregulation in parallel to increased number of Ki-67, c-Kit- and 17β-HSD-positive interstitial cells, indicating that this antidepressant stimulates LCs lineage proliferation and differentiation. Upregulation of Adra1a and Nur77 could explain the high levels of StAR and testosterone levels, as well as aromatization. Enhanced EGF immunoexpression in LCs suggests that this growth fact is involved in adrenergically-induced steroidogenesis, likely via upregulation of Nur77. Slight tubular atrophy and weak Ki-67 immunoexpression in germ cells, in association with high UCHL1 levels, indicate that spermatogenesis is likely impaired by this enzyme under supraphysiological estrogen levels. These data corroborate the unchanged MDA and nitrite levels. Therefore, venlafaxine stimulates LCs steroidogenesis via adrenergic signaling, and EGF may be involved in this process.
Topics: Animals; Epidermal Growth Factor; Gene Expression Regulation; Leydig Cells; Male; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; Rats; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
PubMed: 34688693
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120069 -
Therapie 2021Venlafaxine is the third most frequently prescribed antidepressant in France the last decade, with about 400,000 daily doses. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of this... (Review)
Review
Venlafaxine is the third most frequently prescribed antidepressant in France the last decade, with about 400,000 daily doses. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of this medication, by measuring the active moiety venlafaxine (V) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), is recommended (level of recommendation 2). However, this antidepressant seems to be the one for which clinicians most often use TDM, much more frequently than escitalopram, which is more prescribed and for which TDM is also recommended. The main goal of this review is to provide an update on the TDM of venlafaxine: its therapeutic interval, its level of recommendation and the origin of its "success". From the literature does not enable to define a therapeutic interval for the active moiety V+ODV, that is to say a steady-state trough concentration allowing a clinical response without toxicity. Nevertheless, a target concentration from 100 to 400μg/L is certainly relevant for the majority of patients without any pharmacodynamic resistance ; though a greater concentration could result in an earlier response or could be required for a clinical response in a minority of patients. A patient with no clinical response despite a concentration greater than 1000μg/L should be proposed another antidepressant. Measurement of the ODV/V ratio is also a useful tool, values below 0.3 usually reflecting a slow metabolizer phenotype for cytochrome P-450 2D6, which is more at risk of adverse effects. Research for this phenotype probably explains many prescriptions for TDM.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
PubMed: 33551091
DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2021.01.052 -
Placenta Jan 2022Depression is frequent among pregnant women and decision for treatment with antidepressants needs careful consideration of risks for the fetus. Since data regarding...
INTRODUCTION
Depression is frequent among pregnant women and decision for treatment with antidepressants needs careful consideration of risks for the fetus. Since data regarding fetal antidepressant exposure are rare, we aimed to evaluate transplacental transfer of venlafaxine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
METHODS
Ex vivo human placental perfusion experiments were conducted in double closed set-up. Venlafaxine (18.1 ± 2.1 μg/L) was offered in maternal circuit and maternal-to-fetal transfer was monitored over a period of 3h. Venlafaxin and O-desmethylvenlafaxine concentrations were determined by HPLC-MS in maternal and fetal perfusion medium.
RESULTS
We observed maternal-to-fetal transfer of venlafaxine within 5 min perfusion. The concentration equilibrium was approximated between maternal (7.5 ± 0.5 μg/L) and fetal (6.5 ± 0.6 μg/L) compartment at time point 180 min, which corresponds to a fetal-maternal (FM) ratio of 0.89.
DISCUSSION
Our results are comparable with in vivo data from an observational study which emphasizes that the ex vivo placental perfusion model is suitable for systematic evaluation of fetal antidepressant exposure.
Topics: Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Perfusion; Placenta; Pregnancy; Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
PubMed: 34894602
DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.007 -
Environmental Science & Technology Nov 2020The antidepressant venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is present in surface waters downstream of wastewater treatment plants. We...
The antidepressant venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is present in surface waters downstream of wastewater treatment plants. We previously showed that zygotic venlafaxine deposition alters larval behavior in zebrafish (), but the mechanisms were unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that venlafaxine disrupts central serotonergic development, leading to impaired behavioral responses in zebrafish larvae. This was tested by microinjecting embryos with venlafaxine immediately after fertilization and performing spatial distribution of serotonin immunoreactivity, as well as characterizing target genes involved in serotonin turnover in the zebrafish brain. We provide evidence that venlafaxine exposure reduces serotonin immunoreactivity and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cell populations in specific larval brain regions, and this corresponded with reduced larval activity observed in the drug-exposed group. Lowered serotonin was not due to either reduced synthesis or increased breakdown capacity. However, co-injection of serotonin alongside venlafaxine in embryos recovered brain serotonin immunoreactivity, tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cell populations, and rescued venlafaxine-mediated behavioral changes. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time that early life exposure to venlafaxine perturbs brain development, which may be due to reduced serotonin, leading to altered larval behavior in zebrafish.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Serotonin; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish
PubMed: 33142061
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06032 -
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2020
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders; Humans; Male; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
PubMed: 32332474
DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001194 -
Neurology India 2022
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Headache; Humans; Indomethacin; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
PubMed: 36076682
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.355083