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Behavioural Processes Apr 2015"Behavior which is effective only through the mediation of other persons has so many distinguishing dynamic and topographical properties that a special treatment is... (Review)
Review
"Behavior which is effective only through the mediation of other persons has so many distinguishing dynamic and topographical properties that a special treatment is justified and indeed demanded" (Skinner, 1957, p. 2). Skinner's demand for a special treatment of verbal behavior can be extended within that field to domains such as music, poetry, drama, and the topic of this paper: mathematics. For centuries, mathematics has been of special concern to philosophers who have continually argued to the present day about what some deem its "special nature." Two interrelated principal questions have been: (1) Are the subjects of mathematical interest pre-existing in some transcendental realm and thus are "discovered" as one might discover a new planet; and (2) Why is mathematics so effective in the practices of science and engineering even though originally such mathematics was "pure" with applications neither contemplated or even desired? I argue that considering the actual practice of mathematics in its history and in the context of acquired verbal behavior one can address at least some of its apparent mysteries. To this end, I discuss some of the structural and functional features of mathematics including verbal operants, rule-and contingency-modulated behavior, relational frames, the shaping of abstraction, and the development of intuition. How is it possible to understand Nature by properly talking about it? Essentially, it is because nature taught us how to talk.
Topics: Concept Formation; Humans; Intuition; Mathematics; Philosophy; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 25595115
DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.01.005 -
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2013A variation of the preintervention functional analysis of problem behavior has recently been extended to identify the function of verbal behavior emitted by children... (Review)
Review
A variation of the preintervention functional analysis of problem behavior has recently been extended to identify the function of verbal behavior emitted by children with autism. Recent research suggests that a functional analysis of verbal behavior might be beneficial in evaluating previous instruction and guiding the selection of future educational targets and instructional procedures. The present paper reviews previous literature on the functional analysis of verbal behavior and identifies avenues for future research.
Topics: Behavioral Symptoms; Humans; Language Tests; Language Therapy; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 24114111
DOI: 10.1002/jaba.1 -
Nature Reviews. Neuroscience May 2007Despite decades of research, the functional neuroanatomy of speech processing has been difficult to characterize. A major impediment to progress may have been the... (Review)
Review
Despite decades of research, the functional neuroanatomy of speech processing has been difficult to characterize. A major impediment to progress may have been the failure to consider task effects when mapping speech-related processing systems. We outline a dual-stream model of speech processing that remedies this situation. In this model, a ventral stream processes speech signals for comprehension, and a dorsal stream maps acoustic speech signals to frontal lobe articulatory networks. The model assumes that the ventral stream is largely bilaterally organized--although there are important computational differences between the left- and right-hemisphere systems--and that the dorsal stream is strongly left-hemisphere dominant.
Topics: Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Models, Psychological; Speech; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 17431404
DOI: 10.1038/nrn2113 -
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis Sep 2016We evaluated the emergence of untaught second-language skills following directly taught listener and intraverbal responses. Three preschool children were taught...
We evaluated the emergence of untaught second-language skills following directly taught listener and intraverbal responses. Three preschool children were taught first-language (English) listener responses (e.g., "Point to the horse") and second-language (Welsh) intraverbal responses (e.g., "What is horse in Welsh?" [ceffyl]). After intervention, increases in untaught second-language tacts (e.g., "What is this in Welsh?" [ceffyl]) and listener responses (e.g., "Point to the ceffyl") were observed for all 3 participants.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Multilingualism; Verbal Behavior; Verbal Learning; Vocabulary
PubMed: 26990853
DOI: 10.1002/jaba.301 -
Research Publications - Association For... 1964
Review
Topics: Communication; Emotions; Humans; Psychology; Speech; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 14265468
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychological Bulletin Sep 1968
Review
Topics: Auditory Perception; Communication; Humans; Schizophrenic Language; Schizophrenic Psychology; Semantics; Speech; Verbal Behavior; Word Association Tests
PubMed: 4878674
DOI: 10.1037/h0020191 -
Behavioural Processes Dec 2018The description-experience (DE) gap is a tendency to prefer uncertain over certain rewards when experienced compared to described. DE gap research typically intermixes...
The description-experience (DE) gap is a tendency to prefer uncertain over certain rewards when experienced compared to described. DE gap research typically intermixes choice between two gains with choice between two losses. Because preference for uncertain gains have been found to increase following experienced loss, preference for uncertain gains (and the DE gap) may decrease when gains are presented in isolation. Experiment 1 examined the DE gap when participants were presented choices between gains (points) in isolation. Experiment 2 examined the DE gap when participants were presented with gains in isolation and intermixed with point losses. When gains were first contacted in isolation, participants chose the uncertain gain more when it was described compared to experienced (a reversed DE gap). But, when gains were intermixed with losses, participants chose the uncertain gain more when it was experienced compared to described (typical DE gap). Additional exposure to intermixed following isolated choices led to a typical DE gap, and exposure to isolated following intermixed choices decreased the size of the typical DE gap. These results show how choice with experienced or described outcomes is influenced by intermixing gains with losses and may reveal how the DE gap can be manipulated.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Choice Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Reward; Risk-Taking; Uncertainty; Verbal Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 30232043
DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.09.002 -
Seizure Sep 1995
Topics: Brain Mapping; Dominance, Cerebral; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Monitoring, Physiologic; Speech Acoustics; Temporal Lobe; Verbal Behavior; Video Recording
PubMed: 7582662
DOI: 10.1016/s1059-1311(05)80069-x -
Seizure Mar 1994An overview is given of the various disturbances which epileptic seizures without loss of consciousness may cause in the patient's voluntary verbal behaviour, as well as... (Review)
Review
An overview is given of the various disturbances which epileptic seizures without loss of consciousness may cause in the patient's voluntary verbal behaviour, as well as of the unintentional verbal activities which seizures may induce. It is shown that during seizures, patients may preserve their verbal skills, or lose them in part or completely. They may also show undeliberate verbal behaviours, of which they may or may not be conscious.
Topics: Aphasia; Cerebral Cortex; Dominance, Cerebral; Dysarthria; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 7519109
DOI: 10.1016/s1059-1311(05)80162-1 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Sep 1964
Topics: Humans; Language; Schizophrenic Language; Speech; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 14212839
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb42967.x