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The New England Journal of Medicine Jul 2018
Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Humans; Male; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 30044934
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1716464 -
Food Microbiology Aug 2016Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are the leading causes of seafood associated infections and mortality in the United States. The main syndromes caused by... (Review)
Review
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are the leading causes of seafood associated infections and mortality in the United States. The main syndromes caused by these pathogens are gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia. This article reviewed the antibiotic resistance profile of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in the United States and other countries including Italy, Brazil, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, China, India, Iran, South Africa and Australia. The awareness of antimicrobial resistance of these two pathogens is not as well documented as other foodborne bacterial pathogens. Vibrio spp. are usually susceptible to most antimicrobials of veterinary and human significance. However, many studies reported that V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus showed multiple-antibiotic resistance due to misuse of antibiotics to control infections in aquaculture production. In addition, both environmental and clinical isolates showed similar antibiotic resistance profiles. Most frequently observed antibiotic resistance profiles involved ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline regardless of the countries. The presence of multiple-antibiotic resistant bacteria in seafood and aquatic environments is a major concern in fish and shellfish farming and human health.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Food Contamination; Humans; Seafood; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 27052711
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.02.008 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2023V. vulnificus, continues being an underestimated yet lethal zoonotic pathogen. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of numerous aspects of the biology,... (Review)
Review
V. vulnificus, continues being an underestimated yet lethal zoonotic pathogen. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of numerous aspects of the biology, epidemiology, and virulence mechanisms of this poorly understood pathogen. We will emphasize the widespread role of horizontal gene transfer in V. vulnificus specifically virulence plasmids and draw parallels from aquaculture farms to human health. By placing current findings in the context of climate change, we will also contend that fish farms act as evolutionary drivers that accelerate species evolution and the emergence of new virulent groups. Overall, we suggest that on-farm control measures should be adopted both to protect animals from Vibriosis, and also as a public health measure to prevent the emergence of new zoonotic groups.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio Infections; Aquaculture; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Virulence
PubMed: 36792876
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_9 -
Trends in Microbiology Jan 2020
Topics: Foodborne Diseases; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genome, Bacterial; Hemorrhagic Septicemia; Humans; Phylogeny; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Wound Infection
PubMed: 31519331
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.08.006 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2019Seafood products are widely consumed all around the world and play a significant role on the economic market. Bacteria of the Vibrio genus can contaminate seafood and... (Review)
Review
Vibrio species involved in seafood-borne outbreaks (Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus): Review of microbiological versus recent molecular detection methods in seafood products.
Seafood products are widely consumed all around the world and play a significant role on the economic market. Bacteria of the Vibrio genus can contaminate seafood and thus pose a risk to human health. Three main Vibrio species, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, are potentially pathogenic to humans. These species are responsible for a dramatic increase of seafood-borne infections worldwide. Hence, early detection of total and pathogenic Vibrio is needed and should rely on quick and effective methods. This review aims to present the standard methods FDA-BAM, ISO/TS 21872-1:2007 and TS 21872-2:2007 and compare them to recent molecular biology methods including endpoint PCR, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and PCR-derived methods with a focus on LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification). The available methods presented here are dedicated to the detection and identification of the Vibrio species of interest in seafood.
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; Disease Outbreaks; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seafood; Vibrio; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 28956623
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1384715 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020The () hemolysin (VVH) is a pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC). Although there has been some debate surrounding the virulence effects of the VVH, it is... (Review)
Review
The () hemolysin (VVH) is a pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC). Although there has been some debate surrounding the virulence effects of the VVH, it is becoming increasingly clear that it drives different cellular outcomes and is involved in the pathogenesis of . This minireview outlines recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of gene expression, the biological activity of the VVH and its role in pathogenesis. An in-depth examination of the role of the VVH in pathogenesis will help reveal the potential targets for therapeutic and preventive interventions to treat fatal septicemia in humans. Future directions in VVH research will also be discussed.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 33193453
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599439 -
Marine Drugs Dec 2021is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes serious infections in humans and requires iron for growth. A clinical isolate, . M2799, secretes a catecholate... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes serious infections in humans and requires iron for growth. A clinical isolate, . M2799, secretes a catecholate siderophore, vulnibactin, that captures ferric ions from the environment. In the ferric-utilization system in . M2799, an isochorismate synthase (ICS) and an outer membrane receptor, VuuA, are required under low-iron conditions, but alternative proteins FatB and VuuB can function as a periplasmic-binding protein and a ferric-chelate reductase, respectively. The vulnibactin-export system is assembled from TolCV1 and several RND proteins, including VV1_1681. In heme acquisition, HupA and HvtA serve as specific outer membrane receptors and HupB is a sole periplasmic-binding protein, unlike FatB in the ferric-vulnibactin utilization system. We propose that ferric-siderophore periplasmic-binding proteins and ferric-chelate reductases are potential targets for drug discovery in infectious diseases.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Ions; Iron; Periplasmic Binding Proteins; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 34940709
DOI: 10.3390/md19120710 -
Environmental Microbiology Feb 2018Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative aquatic bacterium first isolated by the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1964. This bacterium... (Review)
Review
Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative aquatic bacterium first isolated by the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1964. This bacterium is part of the normal microbiota of estuarine waters and occurs in high numbers in molluscan shellfish around the world, particularly in warmer months. Infections in humans are derived from consumption of seafood produce and from water exposure. Vibrio vulnificus is a striking and enigmatic human pathogen, yet many aspects related to its biology, genomics, virulence capabilities and epidemiology remain elusive and poorly understood. This pathogen is responsible for over 95% of seafood-related deaths in the United States, and carries the highest fatality rate of any food-borne pathogen. Indeed, infections associated with this pathogen that progress to primary septicaemia have a similar case fatality rate to category BSL 3 and 4 pathogens, such as anthrax, bubonic plague, Ebola and Marburg fever. Interestingly, V. vulnificus infections disproportionately affect males (∼85% of cases) and older patients (> 40 years), especially those with underlying conditions such as liver diseases, diabetes and immune disorders. New insights from molecular studies and comparative genomic approaches have offered tantalising insights into this pathogen. A recent increase and geographical spread in reported infections, in particular wound cases, underlines the growing international importance of V. vulnificus, particularly in the context of coastal warming. We outline and explore here a range of current data gaps regarding this important pathogen, and provide some current thoughts on approaches to elucidate key aspects associated with this bacterium.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Female; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Shellfish; United States; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Virulence; Young Adult
PubMed: 29027375
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13955 -
PLoS Pathogens Jan 2017
Review
Topics: Animals; Humans; Ostreidae; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 28056111
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006053 -
Trends in Microbiology Dec 2022The fulminating zoonotic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus is the causative agent of fatal septicemia in humans and fish, raising tremendous economic burdens in healthcare and... (Review)
Review
The fulminating zoonotic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus is the causative agent of fatal septicemia in humans and fish, raising tremendous economic burdens in healthcare and the aquaculture industry. V. vulnificus exploits various virulence factors, including biofilm-related factors and exotoxins, for its persistence in nature and pathogenesis during infection. Substantial studies have found that the expression of virulence factors is coordinately regulated by numerous transcription factors that recognize the changing environments. Here, we summarize and discuss the recent discoveries of the physiological roles of virulence factors in V. vulnificus and their regulation by transcription factors in response to various environmental signals. This expanded understanding of molecular pathogenesis would provide novel clues to develop an effective antivirulence therapy against V. vulnificus infection.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Vibrio vulnificus; Virulence Factors; Virulence; Transcription Factors; Biofilms
PubMed: 35753865
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.05.009