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Neuroepidemiology 2003We used the National Hospital Discharge Survey and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project to estimate disease burden associated...
We used the National Hospital Discharge Survey and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project to estimate disease burden associated with viral meningitis hospitalizations in the United States. During 1988-1999, viral meningitis accounted for an estimated 434,000 hospitalizations (annual average, 36,000; average annual hospitalization rate, 14/100,000), and 2.1 million hospital days (annual average, 175,000). The estimated mean charge for viral meningitis-associated hospitalization during 1993-1997 varied between USD 6,562 and 8,313, resulting in annual estimated hospitalization costs between USD 234 and 310 million and a total estimated cost of nearly USD 1.3 billion for the 5-year period. In summary, viral meningitis remains an important cause of morbidity and financial burden and merits efforts to improve diagnostic, treatment, and prevention options.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Cost of Illness; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningitis, Viral; Middle Aged; Sex Distribution; Time Factors; United States
PubMed: 14557685
DOI: 10.1159/000072924 -
Pediatric Infectious Disease 1983
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antigens, Viral; Child; Child, Preschool; Enterovirus; Enterovirus Infections; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Meningitis, Viral; Middle Aged; Risk; Seasons
PubMed: 6310537
DOI: 10.1097/00006454-198307000-00019 -
Revista de Neurologia Dec 2018The different types of viral meningitis constitute a condition that is relatively frequent in newborn infants, although in many cases they are underdiagnosed due to the...
INTRODUCTION
The different types of viral meningitis constitute a condition that is relatively frequent in newborn infants, although in many cases they are underdiagnosed due to the absence of pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
AIMS
To describe the clinical features and laboratory findings of newborn infants with viral meningitis and to highlight the importance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the CSF to diagnose this condition.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective review of the medical records of newborn infants hospitalised in the neonatology section who had been diagnosed with viral meningitis between May 2014 and May 2017.
RESULTS
Altogether 17 cases of viral meningitis were registered (15 caused by enterovirus and two due to parechovirus), which accounts for 14.8% of all newborns hospitalised owing to febrile symptoms. All of them had fever (100%), and other notable symptoms were irritability (76%) and rejection of feeding (65%). Normal cellularity was found in the CSF without high protein levels in 88% of them, and without hypoglycorrhachia in all of them (100%), which meant that many of these children had previously been left with a diagnosis of a febrile syndrome with no focus. These data stress the need to perform the PCR in the CSF of newborn infants who have a fever without a focus, due to the normal status of the results of the complementary tests in most cases. Subsequent neurological follow-up was performed in 64.7% of the children in the neurology service, without any neurological sequelae being found, except in one case.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple PCR in the CSF has become an essential diagnostic technique in cases of newborn infants with a suspected infection, and replaces viral culture as the reference test due its being quicker and more sensitive.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meningitis, Viral; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 30536362
DOI: No ID Found -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2011Viral meningitis is considered to be a benign illness with only mild symptoms. In contrast to viral encephalitis and bacterial meningitis, the prognosis is usually good....
Viral meningitis is considered to be a benign illness with only mild symptoms. In contrast to viral encephalitis and bacterial meningitis, the prognosis is usually good. However, retrospective studies have demonstrated that patients suffering from viral meningitis may experience cognitive impairment following the acute course of infection. Larger controlled studies are needed to elucidate the potential neuropsychiatric adverse outcome of viral meningitis.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Meningitis, Viral; Mental Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 21985833
DOI: No ID Found -
La Revue Du Praticien Oct 1994Viral meningitis are the most frequent cause of clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) meningitis and are usually benign. The viral nature is suggested by clinical arguments...
Viral meningitis are the most frequent cause of clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) meningitis and are usually benign. The viral nature is suggested by clinical arguments (context, associated manifestations) and particularly the analysis of CSF, typically lymphocytic. However, problems of CSF interpretation may occur during the polymorphonuclear reaction at the beginning of such meningitis and after elevated protein or low glucose concentration. The main differential diagnosis are: partially treated bacterial meningitis, the beginning of meningococcal meningitis, listeriosis or tuberculous meningitis which need and urgent and specific treatment. The most common agents are the enteroviruses. The etiology can only be detected through careful virological investigations. These studies may be useful in outbreaks or in epidemiological studies.
Topics: Acute Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Meningitis, Viral
PubMed: 7984916
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Dec 1969
Topics: Child; Chronic Disease; Enterovirus B, Human; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Viral; Mumps
PubMed: 5359945
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.4.5686.786 -
La Revue Du Praticien Feb 1975
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Meningitis; Meningitis, Viral
PubMed: 1129566
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Pediatrics Jun 1999To clarify to what extent Gram stain-negative bacterial meningitis can be distinguished from viral meningitis by assessment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
OBJECTIVE
To clarify to what extent Gram stain-negative bacterial meningitis can be distinguished from viral meningitis by assessment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood indices and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in children over 3 months of age.
DESIGN
Common CSF indices, blood leukocyte counts, and serum CRP values were compared between patients with bacterial meningitis who had a positive CSF bacterial culture but a negative Gram stain and patients with viral meningitis.
POPULATION
Three hundred twenty-five consecutive patients with CSF culture-proven bacterial meningitis, for whom Gram stain was negative in 55 cases, and 182 children with proven or presumed viral meningitis.
RESULTS
Significant differences between patients with bacterial and viral meningitis were found in all indices with large overlap in all except serum CRP. In patients with bacterial meningitis, the mean CSF glucose concentration, protein concentration, leukocyte count, blood leukocyte count, and serum CRP were 2.9 mmol/L (52 mg/dL), 1.88 g/L, 4540 x 10(6)/L, 18.0 x 10(9)/L, and 115 mg/L; and in those with viral meningitis, mean values were 3.3 mmol/L (59 mg/dL), 0.52 g/L, 240 x 10(6)/L, 10.6 x 10(9)/L, and <20 mg/L, respectively. Of the tests investigated in this study, only serum CRP was capable of distinguishing Gram stain-negative bacterial meningitis from viral meningitis on admission with high sensitivity (96%), high specificity (93%), and high negative predictive value (99%).
CONCLUSION
Exclusion of bacterial meningitis with only the conventional tests is difficult. Combined with careful physical examination and CSF analyses, serum CRP measurement affords substantial aid.
Topics: Adolescent; Antigens, Viral; C-Reactive Protein; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Infant; Leukocyte Count; Meningitis, Bacterial; Meningitis, Viral; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 10356141
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70288-x -
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) Nov 2007There have been few long-term population-based studies of viral meningitis, and only a limited number of potential risk factors have been evaluated.
BACKGROUND
There have been few long-term population-based studies of viral meningitis, and only a limited number of potential risk factors have been evaluated.
METHODS
We estimated the incidence of viral meningitis hospitalization in childhood, and assessed risk factors for this disease through a population-based cohort study comprising all children born in Denmark from 1977 through 2001 (n = 1.5 million). Information on sex, number of children and adults in the household, age of parents at child's birth, degree of urbanization, birth weight, gestational age, and possible complications at birth were linked to the children in the cohort, together with information on hospitalization with viral meningitis. We calculated incidence rates of viral meningitis and estimated rate ratios according to the various risk factors using Poisson regression.
RESULTS
The incidence rate was highest in the first 6 months of life (38.7 per 100,000 person-years), with a peak right after birth (58.7 per 100,000 person-years). A secondary peak was seen among 5-year-old children (15.6 per 100,000 person-years). Overall incidence rates decreased throughout the study period, with outbreaks occurring every 3 to 5 years [decrease in rate ratio per calendar year = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94-0.96]. Summer and early fall peaks were present. We observed independent effects of sex (girls vs. boys: rate ratio = 0.47 [95% CI = 0.43-0.53]), children in the household (eg, living with 3+ younger children vs. living with none: 1.94 [1.22-3.07]), single parenthood (living with 1 parent vs. living with 2 parents: 1.30 [1.12-1.39]), degree of urbanization (children living in the capital vs. children living in small town and rural areas: 1.54 [1.31-1.80]), low birth weight (increase in RR per 500 g reduction in birth weight = 1.05 [1.00-1.09]), prematurity (increase in RR per 1 week reduction in gestational age = 1.03 [1.01-1.04]), and cesarean section (cesarean section vs. vaginal birth: 1.29 [1.12-1.49]).
CONCLUSIONS
Incidence of viral meningitis hospitalization is highest immediately after birth with a secondary peak at age 5. Lack of passive maternally acquired antibodies and preferential hospitalization are the likely causes for the peak in infancy. Increased transmission in kindergarten, preschool, and day care could explain the secondary peak. The incidence decreased throughout the 25-year study period perhaps due to improved public hygiene. Among the assessed risk factors, we found the strongest to be male sex, a high number of children in the household, and degree of urbanization.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningitis, Viral; Risk Factors
PubMed: 18062062
DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e3181567d31 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Apr 2006Many bacterial meningitis patients experience neurological or neuropsychological sequelae, predominantly deficits in short-term memory, learning, and attention....
BACKGROUND
Many bacterial meningitis patients experience neurological or neuropsychological sequelae, predominantly deficits in short-term memory, learning, and attention. Neuropsychological symptoms after viral meningitis are observed less frequently. Sleep disturbance has been reported after both viral and bacterial meningitis.
OBJECTIVES
To examine systematically the frequency and extent of sleep disturbance in meningitis patients.
METHODS
Eighty six viral or bacterial meningitis (onset of acute disease at least 1 year previously) patients were examined using two standardised questionnaires (Schlaffragebogen B and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) in conjunction with a standardised neurological examination, and compared to a control group of 42 healthy age-matched volunteers.
RESULTS
Patients after both viral and bacterial meningitis described their sleep as reduced in quality and less restful than that of healthy control subjects; both patient groups had a pathological mean PSQI total score. Impaired sleep scores after meningitis were not correlated to either the Glasgow Coma Scale or the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Moreover, no relationship between residual neurological dysfunction or depressivity and sleep quality was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Impaired sleep is a long-term consequence of meningitis. Additional, so far undetermined, factors other than the severity of concomitant neurological deficits are responsible for the development of this sequela.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Meningitis, Viral; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time
PubMed: 16543543
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.071142