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MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Jan 2011
Topics: Adult; Cooperative Behavior; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hirsutism; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Referral and Consultation; Virilism
PubMed: 22165616
DOI: 10.1007/BF03367698 -
Journal de Chirurgie 2008Virilizing ovarian tumors are rare and can occur at any age. In postmenopausal women, they commonly present with signs of masculinization. These tumors should be...
Virilizing ovarian tumors are rare and can occur at any age. In postmenopausal women, they commonly present with signs of masculinization. These tumors should be suspected in any patient with virilization and high testosterone levels (>1ng/mL). Tumor localization is sometimes difficult. These tumors are usually benign; surgical resection is the accepted treatment. Masculinizing consequences of hormonal secretions may be managed by cosmetologic treatments which should not be overlooked.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alopecia; Female; Humans; Leydig Cell Tumor; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Postmenopause; Testosterone; Treatment Outcome; Virilism
PubMed: 19106875
DOI: 10.1016/s0021-7697(08)74664-7 -
Virilizing effect of testosterone and its metabolites on the urovaginal septum of female fetal rats.Endocrinologia Japonica Aug 1978A single injection of 50 microgram testosterone was given to fetal rats on day 17, 18, 19 or 20 of gestation. On day 21, the fetuses were removed from the mother under...
A single injection of 50 microgram testosterone was given to fetal rats on day 17, 18, 19 or 20 of gestation. On day 21, the fetuses were removed from the mother under maternal ether anesthesia, and the length of the urovaginal septum was measured microscopically in female fetuses in order to assess the virilizing effect of testosterone. In fetuses treated with testosterone on day 17, the length of the urovaginal septum was comparable to that of oil-treated littermate controls. In fetuses treated on day 18, the length was significantly abridged compared with controls. In fetuses treated on day 19, the abridgment of the urovaginal septum was most marked. In fetuses treated on day 20, the length of the septum was again comparable to that of controls. The observations suggest that day 19 is the critical day for the virilizing effect of testosterone. Various amounts of testosterone and its metabolites including dihydrotestosterone, androstane-3 beta, 17beta-diol and androstane-3 alpha, 17beta-diol were injected into 19-day-old female fetuses, in order to test the dose relation to the virilizing effects of these steroids in terms of abridgment of the urovaginal septum. As a consequence, it was found that testosterone was the most effective for virilization.
Topics: Androstenedione; Androsterone; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Male; Pregnancy; Rats; Testosterone; Urethra; Vagina; Virilism
PubMed: 568545
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj1954.25.309 -
The Brooklyn Hospital Journal 1953
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor; Virilism
PubMed: 13149945
DOI: No ID Found -
Special Topics in Endocrinology and... 1984Hirsutism in women may be defined as excessive thick (terminal) hair growth in facial and body regions. It is one of the early manifestations of virilization that... (Review)
Review
Hirsutism in women may be defined as excessive thick (terminal) hair growth in facial and body regions. It is one of the early manifestations of virilization that correlate closely with elevated testosterone production. Testosterone production rates in normal women average 0.2 mg/day, with 25% secreted by the ovaries, 25% by the adrenals, and 50% arising from the peripheral metabolism of prehormones, notably androstenedione. Increased testosterone from adrenal and/or ovarian sources induces 5 alpha-reductase activity within the susceptible hair follicle. This results in the local production of dihydrotestosterone, the potent androgen that is likely responsible for the growth and stimulation of the hair follicle that leads to hirsutism. Activation of the hair follicle by androgens provides a secondary pathway for testosterone metabolism, unfortunately at the expense of undesirable hair growth. Although virilization in women may be caused by exogenous androgens, it occurs primarily from diseases of the adrenals or ovaries. Androgen-producing tumors of the adrenals cause virilization in association with excessive production of a wide variety of C19 androgens. In contrast, ovarian tumors tend to secrete a narrower range of androgens and their presence may be more occult. The most common causes of hirsutism in women arise from nontumorous states, chiefly ovarian in origin. The androgenized ovary syndrome represents a spectrum of abnormalities ranging from idiopathic hirsutism to the polycystic ovary syndrome to ovarian hyperthecosis. These states are associated with mild to severe abnormalities of androgen production and concomitant mild to severe abnormalities of ovarian histology. The pathogenesis of these abnormalities is still speculative, but appears to be related to increased pulsatile and tonic secretion of LH with ovarian hyperstimulation. Of the various laboratory tests to evaluate hirsutism, simple measurements of plasma testosterone, free testosterone, and most recently androstanediol glucuronide seem to provide the best chemical evidence of androgen abnormalities. Treatment of hirsutism/virilism in women is difficult and frequently unsatisfactory. At present, treatment schemes include local methods, suppression of androgens via glucocorticoids or oral contraceptives, and antiandrogens.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Androgens; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hirsutism; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Palliative Care; Progestins; Testosterone; Virilism
PubMed: 6084314
DOI: No ID Found -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of... Mar 2000Virilization is most often the reflection of a serious underlying condition. Diagnosis and management should be prompt, thorough, and comprehensive. Hirsutism is the... (Review)
Review
Virilization is most often the reflection of a serious underlying condition. Diagnosis and management should be prompt, thorough, and comprehensive. Hirsutism is the manifestation of a variety of disorders. It may be associated with serious acute medical conditions, chronic disorders, or idiopathic. The diagnosis should be methodical and adjusted to the nature of the clinical presentation. Several therapeutic modalities are effective and produce satisfactory results for most patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Gland Diseases; Female; Hirsutism; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Self Concept; Virilism
PubMed: 10693184
DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8545(00)80008-x -
Aggiornamenti Clinicoterapeutici Feb 1965
Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Female; Hirsutism; Humans; Hypertrichosis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Virilism
PubMed: 14333510
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Dec 2003Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also known as anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), causes Mullerian duct involution during male sexual differentiation and also has a... (Review)
Review
Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also known as anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), causes Mullerian duct involution during male sexual differentiation and also has a postnatal regulatory role in the gonads. Serum MIS/AMH has a gonad specific pattern of expression and its concentrations are sexually dimorphic in children; hence measurement of serum MIS/AMH helps in the evaluation of children with gonadal disorders. In boys with cryptorchidism (non-palpable gonads), serum MIS/AMH correlates with testicular tissue. A measurable value is predictive of undescended testes while an undetectable value is highly suggestive of anorchia. In minimally virilized phenotypic females, MIS/AMH helps differentiate between gonadal and non-gonadal causes of virilization. In children with intersex conditions, MIS/AMH values assist differential diagnosis: a value above the normal female range is predictive of testicular tissue, while an undetectable value is suggestive of absent testicular tissue. Thus, MIS/AMH is useful for delineating gonadal pathology and facilitates the differential diagnosis and management of children with diverse gonadal disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Child; Child, Preschool; Cryptorchidism; Disorders of Sex Development; Female; Glycoproteins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Testicular Hormones; Virilism
PubMed: 14656481
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2003.09.014 -
Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift Jan 1970
Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Acne Vulgaris; Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Child, Preschool; Cortisone; Female; Humans; Virilism
PubMed: 4254493
DOI: No ID Found -
Arquivo de Patologia Apr 1963
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Puberty; Puberty, Precocious; Sexual Maturation; Syndrome; Virilism
PubMed: 13952811
DOI: No ID Found