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Current Biology : CB Aug 2019'Monovision' - using one eye for near work and one for distance - is a common alternative to reading glasses. New work shows that monovision can cause the distance of...
'Monovision' - using one eye for near work and one for distance - is a common alternative to reading glasses. New work shows that monovision can cause the distance of moving objects to be misestimated, with potentially serious consequences.
Topics: Humans; Presbyopia; Vision, Monocular; Vision, Ocular; Visual Acuity; Visual Perception
PubMed: 31386848
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.035 -
Annual Review of Psychology 2004Psychophysical experiments on feature tracking suggest that most of our sensitivity to chromatic motion and to second-order motion depends on feature tracking. There is... (Review)
Review
Psychophysical experiments on feature tracking suggest that most of our sensitivity to chromatic motion and to second-order motion depends on feature tracking. There is no reason to suppose that the visual system contains motion sensors dedicated to the analysis of second-order motion. Current psychophysical and physiological data indicate that local motion sensors are selective for orientation and spatial frequency but they do not eliminate any of the three main models-the Reichardt detector, the motion-energy filter, and gradient-based sensors. Both psychophysical and physiological data suggest that both broadly oriented and narrowly oriented motion sensors are important in the early analysis of motion in two dimensions.
Topics: Humans; Motion Perception; Time Factors; Visual Perception
PubMed: 14744214
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141903 -
Vision Research Sep 2008Vision perception is ambiguous and visual arts play with these ambiguities. While perceptual ambiguities are resolved with prior constraints, artistic ambiguities are... (Review)
Review
Vision perception is ambiguous and visual arts play with these ambiguities. While perceptual ambiguities are resolved with prior constraints, artistic ambiguities are resolved by conventions. Is there a relationship between priors and conventions? This review surveys recent work related to these ambiguities in composition, spatial scale, illumination and color, three-dimensional layout, shape, and movement. While most conventions seem to have their roots in perceptual constraints, those conventions that differ from priors may help us appreciate how visual arts differ from everyday perception.
Topics: Art; Color Perception; Form Perception; Humans; Lighting; Motion Perception; Paintings; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Visual Perception
PubMed: 18619482
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2008.06.010 -
Trends in Neurosciences Oct 1996Classical receptive-field concepts have been used to explain local perceptual effects such as border contrast and Mach bands, but are not sufficient to explain global... (Review)
Review
Classical receptive-field concepts have been used to explain local perceptual effects such as border contrast and Mach bands, but are not sufficient to explain global perceptual effects. Examples are the perception of illusory contours, area contrast, color constancy, depth planes, coherent motion and texture contrast. These diverse effects require neurophysiological mechanisms within the visual pathways with long-range interactions. Candidate mechanisms are suggested, including converging feedforward projection to account for the emergence of new response properties at higher levels, recruitment of lateral connections to compensate for loss of afference and explain filling-in, and re-entrant projections from higher levels using synchronization of neuronal responses to account for binding.
Topics: Animals; Visual Fields; Visual Perception
PubMed: 8888520
DOI: 10.1016/0166-2236(96)10038-2 -
PloS One 2016Humans are able to judge whether a target is accelerating in many viewing contexts, but it is an open question how the motion pattern per se affects visual acceleration...
Humans are able to judge whether a target is accelerating in many viewing contexts, but it is an open question how the motion pattern per se affects visual acceleration perception. We measured acceleration and deceleration detection using patterns of random dots with horizontal (simpler) or radial motion (more visually complex). The results suggest that we detect acceleration better when viewing radial optic flow than horizontal translation. However, the direction within each type of pattern has no effect on performance and observers detect acceleration and deceleration similarly within each condition. We conclude that sensitivity to the presence of acceleration is generally higher for more complex patterns, regardless of the direction within each type of pattern or the sign of acceleration.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Motion; Motion Perception; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Visual Perception
PubMed: 26901879
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149413 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Nov 1963
Topics: Humans; Motion Perception; Movement; Visual Fields; Visual Perception
PubMed: 14075040
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Psychologica Nov 2003This paper draws a bird's eye view of various counter-intuitive characteristics of perception. Peculiar is that perception is a both tool and topic of its study. As a... (Review)
Review
This paper draws a bird's eye view of various counter-intuitive characteristics of perception. Peculiar is that perception is a both tool and topic of its study. As a consequence, its output is easily mistaken for its input. Furthermore, its output is characterized by remarkable Gestalt features, such as mutual dependence of stimulus elements and detour solutions. Detour solutions require a complex perception process of testing countless optional pattern interpretations against a criterion. Likelihood is a plausible criterion for reasoning. For perception, however, the simplicity criterion is more appropriate. The consideration is that reasoning aims at establishing properties of distal objects whereas perception aims at establishing objects from proximal properties. The role of knowledge in perception seems plausible but often leads to conflicts. For instance, the assumption that knowledge about handedness is present in pattern representations conflicts with image mirror-image discrimination data. Moreover, knowledge does not provide an anchor for subjective time direction, but a Gestalt quality does.
Topics: Cognition; Form Perception; Humans; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Psychological Theory; Set, Psychology; Visual Perception
PubMed: 14670705
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2003.09.003 -
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Oct 2016The cortical visual system is almost universally thought to be segregated into two anatomically and functionally distinct pathways: a ventral occipitotemporal pathway... (Review)
Review
The cortical visual system is almost universally thought to be segregated into two anatomically and functionally distinct pathways: a ventral occipitotemporal pathway that subserves object perception, and a dorsal occipitoparietal pathway that subserves object localization and visually guided action. Accumulating evidence from both human and non-human primate studies, however, challenges this binary distinction and suggests that regions in the dorsal pathway contain object representations that are independent of those in ventral cortex and that play a functional role in object perception. We review here the evidence implicating dorsal object representations, and we propose an account of the anatomical organization, functional contributions, and origins of these representations in the service of perception.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Perception; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception
PubMed: 27615805
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2016.08.003 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Sep 2008Laryngeal imaging uses optical and electronic means to visualize the larynx. Understanding some of the issues related to how the human visual system operates and how... (Review)
Review
Laryngeal imaging uses optical and electronic means to visualize the larynx. Understanding some of the issues related to how the human visual system operates and how imaging systems interact with the visual system can help clarify some of the artifacts that arise from these technologies. This article describes how the visual system can construct coherent perceptions from limited information, how it adjusts to current situations, and how the perception of any one part of the image depends upon the light levels around each point. In particular, the limited field of view and stroboscopic nature of the images can lead to many distortions from laryngeal imaging. This article also describes the way that imaging systems sample the image, and the lack of stability inherent in an imaging system. The article concludes with some observations and recommendations to improve the ability to use imaging systems in the diagnosis of laryngeal pathology.
Topics: Color Perception; Contrast Sensitivity; Depth Perception; Fixation, Ocular; Flicker Fusion; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngoscopy; Lighting; Motion Perception; Orientation; Sensory Thresholds; Stroboscopy; Visual Acuity; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception
PubMed: 17509821
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.02.003 -
Psychological Science Jan 2017Vision in the fovea, the center of the visual field, is much more accurate and detailed than vision in the periphery. This is not in line with the rich phenomenology of...
Vision in the fovea, the center of the visual field, is much more accurate and detailed than vision in the periphery. This is not in line with the rich phenomenology of peripheral vision. Here, we investigated a visual illusion that shows that detailed peripheral visual experience is partially based on a reconstruction of reality. Participants fixated on the center of a visual display in which central stimuli differed from peripheral stimuli. Over time, participants perceived that the peripheral stimuli changed to match the central stimuli, so that the display seemed uniform. We showed that a wide range of visual features, including shape, orientation, motion, luminance, pattern, and identity, are susceptible to this uniformity illusion. We argue that the uniformity illusion is the result of a reconstruction of sparse visual information (from the periphery) based on more readily available detailed visual information (from the fovea), which gives rise to a rich, but illusory, experience of peripheral vision.
Topics: Adult; Female; Fovea Centralis; Humans; Illusions; Male; Motion; Motion Perception; Orientation; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Photic Stimulation; Reaction Time; Visual Fields; Visual Perception
PubMed: 28078975
DOI: 10.1177/0956797616672270