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Otology & Neurotology : Official... Oct 2021Many authors, including us, elucidated that vitamin D deficiency was a risk factor for benign paroxysmal position vertigo. We speculated vitamin D deficiency was likely...
OBJECTIVE
Many authors, including us, elucidated that vitamin D deficiency was a risk factor for benign paroxysmal position vertigo. We speculated vitamin D deficiency was likely to intervene otoconia formation by globular substance (GS).
METHODS
Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups: vitamin D sufficient group (12-wk standard control diet), vitamin D deficiency group (16-wk vitamin D deficiency diet), and vitamin D supplement group (16-wk vitamin D deficiency diet and followed 8-wk standard control diet). At 12, 16, and 24 weeks, blood was collected for measuring vitamin D and macula utriculi were obtained for research under scanning electron microscope (SEM). We randomly selected 10 SEM photographs of macula utriculi in each mouse, counted cilium and GS, and measured diameters of counted GS. The ratio of the number of GS to cilium in each SEM photograph was defined as density of GS.
RESULTS
The diameter and density of GS were larger and higher in vitamin D deficiency group than sufficient group (p < 0.05; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in density and diameters of GS between vitamin D deficiency and supplement group. The rough and grainy surface became smoother and smoother along with vitamin D deficiency, and reappeared after vitamin D supplement for 8 weeks.
CONCLUSION
GS secreted as a precursor of mature otoconia is affected by vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation can mitigate the effects in mice. The density of GS, a quantitative method we designed, can quantify GS well.
Topics: Animals; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo; Diet; Mice; Otolithic Membrane; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34121084
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003229 -
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic... Jun 2008Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children and adolescents worldwide. The high rates of vitamin D deficiency during childhood are of major public health... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children and adolescents worldwide. The high rates of vitamin D deficiency during childhood are of major public health relevance, given the growing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may play a key role in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases beyond rickets, including autoimmune conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Identification, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency in childhood may therefore have profound health effects throughout the life span. In this review, we discuss the definitions, epidemiology, clinical implications, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Europe; Humans; Infant; Prevalence; United States; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 18175220
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-007-9072-y -
Public Health Jun 2010There is disturbing evidence of widespread vitamin D deficiency in many population groups, particularly within nations at high latitude. Numerous recent studies in the... (Review)
Review
There is disturbing evidence of widespread vitamin D deficiency in many population groups, particularly within nations at high latitude. Numerous recent studies in the scientific literature associate vitamin D deficiency with a colossal increase in morbidity and mortality. Since Canada is at higher latitude, this review assesses the vitamin D status within the Canadian population. This review was prepared by assessing available medical and scientific literature from Medline, as well as by reviewing several books and conference proceedings. A standard 25(OH)D level of 75-80nmol/l or more was used to indicate vitamin D sufficiency. Between 70% and 97% of Canadians demonstrate vitamin D insufficiency. Furthermore, studies assessing 25(OH)D levels of vitamin D at 25-40nmol/l reveal that many Canadians have profoundly deficient levels. Repletion of vitamin D3 with 2000IU/day for those not receiving judicious sun exposure and those with no contra-indications would likely achieve normalized levels in more than 93% of patients, without risk of toxicity. Explicit directives regarding vitamin D assessment and management are urgently required.
Topics: Canada; Humans; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 20413135
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2010.03.003 -
Clinical Calcium Feb 2016Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency, a medical condition in which vitamin D store is decreased, is the most frequent cause of decreased action of vitamin D. Severer form... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency, a medical condition in which vitamin D store is decreased, is the most frequent cause of decreased action of vitamin D. Severer form vitamin D deficiency can cause hypocalcemia and rickets/osteomalacia. Milder form vitamin D insufficiency also harms bone health via secondary hyperparathyroidism, the increase in fracture risk, and poor responses to anti-osteoporotic medications. Diagnosis can only be made by measuring serum 25(OH)D, which is not currently covered by the Japanese health insurance policy. In Japan, the guideline for the diagnosis vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is in the process of drafting. According to the current provisional guideline draft that was made in public, vitamin D deficiency would be defined by serum 25(OH)D level less than 20 ng/mL whereas vitamin D insufficiency would refer to the state in which serum 25(OH)D level is between 20 and 30 ng/mL.
Topics: Asian People; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypocalcemia; Osteomalacia; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Rickets; Risk; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 26813505
DOI: No ID Found -
Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983) Oct 2013Vitamin D has been traditionally considered as important for skeletal health. However, during the past decade, numerous research findings have revealed that vitamin D... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D has been traditionally considered as important for skeletal health. However, during the past decade, numerous research findings have revealed that vitamin D may have beneficial effects on extraskeletal tissues as well. Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as a worldwide issue. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency depends on the threshold used to define vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. However, whatever the threshold (20, 30 or 40 ng/mL), the prevalence is high in France as elsewhere. Vitamin D status is now based on the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. This assay does not seem justified in most situations encountered in clinical practice, and its overprescription generates a significant cost to public health. This is why Official Clinical Societies try to define: (a) target populations for which a determination is required (every situation in which the therapeutic goal requires an optimal serum 25(OH)D level for an appropriate medical care) and which require specific treatment; (b) target populations for which the risk of deficit is important (due to insufficient daily intake) and may benefit from preventive pharmaceutical supplementation without prior testing (infants, pregnant women, patients over 65...).
Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Dietary Supplements; Europe; Female; France; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 24051167
DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.06.013 -
Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2015Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in pregnant women and their children is an important health problem with severe consequences for the health of both. Thus, the objectives of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE:
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in pregnant women and their children is an important health problem with severe consequences for the health of both. Thus, the objectives of this review were to reassess the magnitude and consequences of VDD during pregnancy, lactation and infancy, associated risk factors, prevention methods, and to explore epigenetic mechanisms in early fetal life capable of explaining many of the non-skeletal benefits of vitamin D (ViD).
DATA SOURCE:
Original and review articles, and consensus documents with elevated level of evidence for VDD-related clinical decisions on the health of pregnant women and their children, as well as articles on the influence of ViD on epigenetic mechanisms of fetal programming of chronic diseases in adulthood were selected among articles published on PubMed over the last 20 years, using the search term , in combination with , , , and .
DATA SYNTHESIS:
The following items were analyzed: ViD physiology and metabolism, risk factors for VDD and implications in pregnancy, lactation and infancy, concentration cutoff to define VDD, the variability of methods for VDD detection, recommendations on ViD replacement in pregnant women, the newborn and the child, and the epigenetic influence of ViD.
CONCLUSIONS:
VDD is a common condition among high-risk pregnant women and their children. The routine monitoring of serum 25(OH)D3 levels in antenatal period is mandatory. Early preventive measures should be taken at the slightest suspicion of VDD in pregnant women, to reduce morbidity during pregnancy and lactation, as well as its subsequent impact on the fetus, the newborn and the child.
Topics: Child; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 25662013
DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2014.05.004 -
International Journal of Rheumatic... Oct 2010It is true to say that it is just over the past decade and even more so in this new decade that it has become appreciated how vitally important vitamin D is for optimum... (Review)
Review
It is true to say that it is just over the past decade and even more so in this new decade that it has become appreciated how vitally important vitamin D is for optimum health. This 'sunshine' vitamin could justifiably be called 'the nutrient of this decade'. Until recently, vitamin D was known primarily for its role in bone health. However, as a result of advances in research this perspective has changed. While it is true to say that the classic function of vitamin D is to control calcium and vitamin D metabolism, we now know that the importance of vitamin D spreads far wider than just bone health. There is much ongoing research with regard to its emerging role in immunopathology, as a potent inhibitor of cellular growth, stimulator of insulin secretion, modulator of immune function and inhibitor of renin production. This review discusses the current evidence with regard to the clinical consequences of vitamin D deficiency and underscores the fact that physicians should be vigilant in searching for and treating this preventable and treatable condition. Furthermore, this review highlights the fact that the time is opportune for rheumatologists to agree upon clinical guidelines to advise practitioners as to when and in which patients to check for, what target vitamin D level to aim for and how best to treat vitamin D deficiency.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Osteomalacia; Parathyroid Hormone; Prevalence; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 21199466
DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2010.01559.x -
Pediatric Radiology Nov 2008
Topics: Child; Global Health; Humans; Radiography; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 18810401
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-008-0997-4 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Oct 2011Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent and has been associated with a diverse range of chronic medical conditions in the general population. In contrast, the... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent and has been associated with a diverse range of chronic medical conditions in the general population. In contrast, the prevalence, pathogenesis and significance of vitamin D deficiency have received little attention in acute medicine. Vitamin D deficiency is seldom considered and rarely corrected adequately, if at all, in critically ill patients. Recent recognition of the extra-skeletal, pleiotropic actions of vitamin D in immunity, epithelial function and metabolic regulation may underlie the previously under-recognized contribution of vitamin D deficiency to typical co-morbidities in critically ill patients, including sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and metabolic dysfunction. Improved understanding of vitamin D metabolism and regulation in critical illness may allow therapeutic exploitation of vitamin D to improve outcome in critically ill patients.
Topics: Animals; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 21925077
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.03.001 -
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany) Sep 2022Rickets is a disease of the growing child arising from alterations in calcium and phosphate homeostasis resulting in impaired apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes in... (Review)
Review
Rickets is a disease of the growing child arising from alterations in calcium and phosphate homeostasis resulting in impaired apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate. Its symptoms depend on the patients' age, duration of disease, and underlying disorder. Common features include thickened wrists and ankles due to widened metaphyses, growth failure, bone pain, muscle weakness, waddling gait, and leg bowing. Affected infants often show delayed closure of the fontanelles, frontal bossing, and craniotabes. The diagnosis of rickets is based on the presence of these typical clinical symptoms and radiological findings on X-rays of the wrist or knee, showing metaphyseal fraying and widening of growth plates, in conjunction with elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase. Nutritional rickets due to vitamin D deficiency and/or dietary calcium deficiency is the most common cause of rickets. Currently, more than 20 acquired or hereditary causes of rickets are known. The latter are due to mutations in genes involved in vitamin D metabolism or action, renal phosphate reabsorption, or synthesis, or degradation of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). There is a substantial overlap in the clinical features between the various entities, requiring a thorough workup using biochemical analyses and, if necessary, genetic tests. Part I of this review focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology and clinical findings of rickets followed by the presentation of a diagnostic approach for correct diagnosis. Part II focuses on the management of rickets, including new therapeutic approaches based on recent clinical practice guidelines.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Child; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Infant; Phosphates; Rickets; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34910242
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05328-w