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British Medical Bulletin 1999Vitamin deficiencies can be detected in several ways, none of which is entirely unambiguous. Evidence of several types is, therefore, required. For instance, it is rare... (Review)
Review
Vitamin deficiencies can be detected in several ways, none of which is entirely unambiguous. Evidence of several types is, therefore, required. For instance, it is rare for clinical signs to result from a single cause, except in controlled experiments. Natural diets are rarely deficient in only a single nutrient, and individual requirements vary considerably. Biochemical and functional status indices can help bridge the gap between inadequate diet and resulting pathology. Some indices are very specific for individual vitamins; others, although only semi-specific, are useful if closely linked to tissue malfunction and hence to pathology. Ideally, biochemical indices should separate severe deficiency, mild subclinical deficiency, normal status and overload toxicity. Vitamin concentrations in plasma, serum, red cells, urine, and other accessible tissues have been used, and metabolic products of vitamin-dependent metabolic pathways have been exploited. However, many of the assays are difficult to perform and interpret, and are limited to few laboratories, world-wide. There is a need for simpler and more 'portable' tests, for routine laboratories and for the medical profession.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Female; Humans; Male; Nutrition Policy; Physical Examination; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vitamins
PubMed: 10746353
DOI: 10.1258/0007142991902529 -
The Journal of Infection Mar 2017Vitamins are known to be associated with immunity and nutrition. Moreover, vitamin deficiency can affect host immunity to various infectious diseases, including...
OBJECTIVE
Vitamins are known to be associated with immunity and nutrition. Moreover, vitamin deficiency can affect host immunity to various infectious diseases, including tuberculosis. Although patients with tuberculosis often have vitamin D deficiency, little is known about the levels of other vitamins. Here, we aimed to investigate the status of vitamins A, B, D, and E in patients with tuberculosis. We also aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory variables related to vitamin status in patients with tuberculosis.
METHODS
We performed a case-control study to investigate the serum vitamin concentrations in 152 patients with tuberculosis and 137 control subjects. The concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Patient demographic data and other biochemical parameters were also analyzed.
RESULTS
The serum concentrations of vitamins A, D, and E were significantly lower in patients with tuberculosis than in control subjects (1.4 vs. 2.0 μmol/L, P < 0.001; 10.6 vs. 19.3 ng/mL, P < 0.001; and 22.8 vs. 30.6 μmol/L, P < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, the methylmalonic acid levels were higher in patients with tuberculosis (134.9 vs. 110.8 nmol/L, P < 0.001). The prevalences of vitamin deficiencies were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis. Moreover, multiple vitamin deficiencies were only observed in patients with tuberculosis (22.4% of all patients with tuberculosis vs. 0% of all control subjects). Positive correlations among vitamin A, D, and E concentrations were observed (vitamins A and D, r = 0.395; vitamins D and E, r = 0.342; and vitamins A and E, r = 0.427, P < 0.001). Body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, iron, and total iron-binding capacity all showed positive correlations with vitamin A, D, and E concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin deficiencies are common in patients with tuberculosis. Further research investigating the clinical importance of vitamin and nutritional status in patients with tuberculosis is needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Avitaminosis; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin E; Young Adult
PubMed: 27838523
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.10.009 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Nov 2022Vitamin deficiencies are an emerging concern in the management of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Particular attention is required for recognizing the...
Vitamin deficiencies are an emerging concern in the management of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Particular attention is required for recognizing the variable signs caused by unbalanced food intakes. We herein report two patients with multiple vitamin deficiencies who needed critical care showing different prognoses. Patient 1 with 'Shoshin' beriberi presenting with cardiac arrest had thiamine deficiency developed severe neurological sequelae despite rapid vitamin supplementation. Patient 2, who had leg pain and a limping gait, showed a rapid recovery with intravenous infusion and tube feeding after being diagnosed with scurvy. A literature search revealed several children with ASD with critically ill thiamine deficiency, but few reports documented a life-threatening condition in the form of cardiac arrest at the onset. Considering the high observation rate of food selectivity in children with ASD, early intervention is required to prevent the exacerbation of vitamin deficiencies to severe neurological disabilities.
Topics: Child; Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Beriberi; Avitaminosis; Thiamine Deficiency; Heart Arrest; Heart Failure
PubMed: 35689090
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01170-x -
Lancet (London, England) Sep 1995
Topics: Aged; Avitaminosis; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Trace Elements; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 7651018
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91464-1 -
International Journal For Vitamin and... 2013The purpose of the study was to determine how multi-vitamin deficiency affects xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme (XME) activities in the rat liver. Vitamin levels and XME...
The purpose of the study was to determine how multi-vitamin deficiency affects xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme (XME) activities in the rat liver. Vitamin levels and XME activities were studied in the livers of male Wistar rats who were fed for 4 weeks with semi-synthetic diets containing either adequate (100 % of recommended vitamin intake) levels of vitamins (control), or decreased vitamin levels (50 % or 20 % of recommended vitamin intake). The study results have shown that moderate vitamin deficiency (50 %) leads to a decrease of vitamin A levels only, and to a slight increase, as compared with the control, in the following enzyme activities: methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (MROD) activity of CYP1 A2 - by 34 % (p < 0.05), UDP-glucuronosyl transferase - by 26 % (p < 0.05), and quinone reductase - by 55 % (p < 0.05). Profound vitamin deficiency (20 %) led to a decrease of vitamins A, E, B1, B2, and C, and enzyme activities in the liver: MROD - to 78 % of the control level (p < 0.05), 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase - to 74 % (p < 0.05), heme oxygenase-1 - to 83 % (p < 0.05), and quinone reductase - to 60 % (p < 0.05). At the same time, the UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity and ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity of CYP1A1, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity of CYP2B1/2 and 6β-testosterone hydroxylase, as well as the total activity of glutathione transferase did not differ from the control levels. The study has demonstrated that profound multi-vitamin deficiency is associated with a decrease in the expression of CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 mRNAs to 62 % and 79 %, respectively. These data indicated that a short-term but profound multi-vitamin deficiency in rats leads to a decrease in the activities and expression of the some XME that play an important role in detoxification of xenobiotics and metabolism of drugs and antioxidant protection.
Topics: Animals; Avitaminosis; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Xenobiotics
PubMed: 24220160
DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000140 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Oct 2018fat-soluble vitamin deficiency may be a health problem not recognized in children and adolescents.
BACKGROUND
fat-soluble vitamin deficiency may be a health problem not recognized in children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the deficiency of vitamins A, D and E among adolescent students from Northeastern Brazil.
METHODS
transversal study with adolescents aged 12 to 19 of both genders. A questionnaire to collect socioeconomic and lifestyle data and food intake was applied to adolescents. Then, an anthropometric evaluation and a blood sampling were performed to analyze serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D).
RESULTS
the intake of vitamins A (50.3%), E (94.0%) and D (99.8%), as well as α-tocopherol (88.1%), β-carotene (74.1%), 25(OH)D (50.9%) and retinol (46.6%) serum levels were mostly deficient/insufficient. An increased risk of α-tocopherol deficiency was observed in girls (PR = 1.11) and an increased risk of 25(OH)D deficiency was observed in boys (PR = 1.41). An increased likelihood of β-carotene (PR = 1.14) and 25(OH) D (PR = 1.38) insufficiency was observed in overweight individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
the adolescents had a deficit in the intake and in serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins. The greatest risk of inadequacy was associated with gender and weight excess. However, the behavior of fat-soluble vitamins in adolescents needs further research.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Avitaminosis; Brazil; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Overweight; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin E Deficiency; Young Adult
PubMed: 30307300
DOI: 10.20960/nh.1785 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Mar 2021A 57-year-old man, known with severe malnutrition, vitamin E deficiency and peripheral neuropathies, presented with vomiting and abdominal tenderness. There was a...
A 57-year-old man, known with severe malnutrition, vitamin E deficiency and peripheral neuropathies, presented with vomiting and abdominal tenderness. There was a suspicion of ileus and small bowel obstruction. During the exploratory laparotomy a complete brown colored bowel without peristalsis was seen.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Avitaminosis; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestine, Small; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Vitamin E Deficiency; Vomiting
PubMed: 33720560
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Infant; Anemia; Vitamin B 12; Avitaminosis; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
PubMed: 37086941
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117361 -
Pharmazie in Unserer Zeit 2009
Review
Topics: Animals; Avitaminosis; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 19248021
DOI: 10.1002/pauz.200800310 -
Osteoporosis International : a Journal... Mar 2019The associations of multiple vitamin deficiencies on incident fractures were uncertain, the relationships between serum vitamin markers and incident bone fractures were...
UNLABELLED
The associations of multiple vitamin deficiencies on incident fractures were uncertain, the relationships between serum vitamin markers and incident bone fractures were investigated in Japanese postmenopausal women. The number of deficiencies was additively associated with incident fracture after adjustment for possible confounding factors including the treatment of osteoporosis.
INTRODUCTION
To evaluate the associations of multiple vitamin deficiencies on incident fractures, the relationships between serum vitamin markers and incident bone fractures were investigated in Japanese postmenopausal women.
METHODS
This analysis used a subset of the ongoing cohort maintained by a primary care institution. Inclusion criteria of the present study were postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 years, without vitamin supplementation and secondary osteoporosis. Baseline serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), and homocysteine (Hcy) were measured to assess vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin B, respectively. Since 25(OH) D positively relates to vitamin D, ucOC and Hcy negatively relate to vitamin K and vitamin B nutrients, respectively, the subjects with lower (25(OH)D) or higher (ucOC or Hcy) values than each median value was defined as subjects with the corresponding vitamin deficiency. Subjects were divided into four groups according to the number of deficiency: no deficiency, single deficiency, double deficiencies, and triple deficiencies. Relationships between the vitamin deficiencies and incident fractures were evaluated by Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 889 subjects were included in this analysis; their mean and SD age was 68.3 ± 9.5 years, and the follow-up period was 6.3 ± 5.1 years. The numbers of subjects in the four groups were 139 (15.6%), 304 (34.2%), 316 (35.5%), and 130 (14.6%) for the groups with no, single, double, and triple deficiencies, respectively. Incident fractures were observed in 264 subjects (29.7%) during the observation period. The number of deficiencies was significantly associated with incident fracture (hazard ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.50, P = 0.018) after adjustment for possible confounding factors including the treatment of osteoporosis.
CONCLUSION
Accumulation of vitamin deficiencies was related to incident fractures.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Aged; Avitaminosis; Bone Density; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Osteoporotic Fractures; Risk Factors; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K Deficiency
PubMed: 30483849
DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4784-2