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Nursing Standard (Royal College of... Nov 2015
Topics: Avitaminosis; Diet Therapy; Feeding Behavior; Mobile Applications; United Kingdom
PubMed: 26530579
DOI: 10.7748/ns.30.10.29.s34 -
Southern Medical Journal Oct 2009More than 60% of the adult US population now meets the criteria for being overweight or obese. Gastric bypass surgery has become a popular and effective way to combat... (Review)
Review
More than 60% of the adult US population now meets the criteria for being overweight or obese. Gastric bypass surgery has become a popular and effective way to combat this medical problem. Despite the success of these procedures, they are associated with many complications, including malnutrition, neurological compromise, and vitamin deficiency. Research has determined that even with multivitamin supplementation for life, a large percentage of bypass patients develop vitamin deficiencies. We present a case of beriberi after Roux-en-Y bypass that illustrates the importance of close follow up. A thorough review of vitamin deficiencies in this unique patient population is explored. Vitamin supplementation and treatment recommendations are compiled from the most up-to-date sources. Even patients on regular supplements should be closely monitored for vitamin deficiencies. Patient education regarding vitamin supplementation is vital; it should begin prior to surgery and continue throughout the postoperative period and beyond.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Gastric Bypass; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Vitamins
PubMed: 19738526
DOI: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181b62614 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2014The hydrosoluble vitamins are a group of organic substances that are required by humans in small amounts to prevent disorders of metabolism. Significant progress has... (Review)
Review
The hydrosoluble vitamins are a group of organic substances that are required by humans in small amounts to prevent disorders of metabolism. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the biochemical, physiologic and nutritional aspects of the water-soluble vitamins. Deficiency of these particular vitamins, most commonly due to inadequate nutrition, can result in disorders of the nervous system. Many of these disorders have been successfully prevented in developed countries; however, they are still common in developing countries. Of the hydrosoluble vitamins, the nervous system depends the most on vitamins B and C (ascorbic acid) for proper functioning. The B group vitamins include thiamin (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin or niacinamide (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine or pyridoxal (vitamin B6) and cobalamin (vitamin B12). Clinical findings depend upon the deficiency of the underlying vitamin; generally, deficiency symptoms are seen from a combination rather than an isolated vitamin deficiency. True hereditary metabolic disorders and serious deficiency-associated diseases are rare and in general limited to particular geographic regions and high-risk groups. Their recognition is truly important as that determines the appropriate therapeutic management. The general availability of vitamins to practically everyone and several national health programs have saved many lives and prevented complications. However, there has been some apprehension for several decades about how harmless generous dosages of these vitamins are. Overt overdosages can cause vitamin toxicity affecting various body systems including the nervous system. Systemically, vitamin toxicity is associated with nonspecific symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash which are common with any acute or chronic vitamin overdose. At a national level, recommended daily allowances for vitamins become policy statements. Nutrition policy has far reaching implications in the food industry, in agriculture, and in food provision programs. Overall, water-soluble vitamins are complex molecular structures and even today, many areas of vitamin biochemistry still need to be explored. Many readers might be of the opinion that the classic forms of nutritional deficiency diseases have faded into the background of interesting history. This has caused their diverse symptoms to be neglected by most modern physicians since vitamin enrichment of many foods automatically erases them from their consideration in differential diagnosis. Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies are discussed in other chapters.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Humans; Neuroimaging; Vitamins
PubMed: 24365359
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4087-0.00059-0 -
Drugs Oct 1979During the past 10 to 20 years it has become increasingly clear that a certain number of drugs may lead to increased vitamin requirements. However, it is unusual for... (Review)
Review
During the past 10 to 20 years it has become increasingly clear that a certain number of drugs may lead to increased vitamin requirements. However, it is unusual for symptomatic avitaminosis to develop, and then only when circumstances are present which in themselves increase the risk of vitamin deficiency. Therapeutic doses of drugs will interfere with the vitamin status only to a restricted degree, provided they are administered for brief periods and to patients receiving a normal supply of vitamins. Most cases of vitamin deficiency have in fact been described in connection with drugs usually taken for a longer period of time by patients who were already in negative vitamin balance as a result of disease or marginal supply of the necessary vitamins. This review describes some of the more important articles covering this topic.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Malabsorption Syndromes; Nicotinic Acids; Riboflavin Deficiency; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K Deficiency
PubMed: 387373
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-197918040-00002 -
International Journal For Vitamin and... 1984
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Avitaminosis; Child; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Vitamins
PubMed: 6434479
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Human Nutrition Oct 1976
Review
Topics: Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Riboflavin Deficiency; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 800615
DOI: 10.3109/09637487609144017 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Dec 2023Nutritional peripheral neuropathies are a global problem, heavily influenced by geopolitical, cultural and socioeconomic factors. Peripheral neuropathy occurs most... (Review)
Review
Nutritional peripheral neuropathies are a global problem, heavily influenced by geopolitical, cultural and socioeconomic factors. Peripheral neuropathy occurs most frequently secondary to B-vitamin deficiencies, which is suspected to increase in years to come due to the popularity of vegan and vegetarian diets and increased use of bariatric surgery.This review will focus on the common B-vitamins for which a causal link to peripheral neuropathy is more established (vitamins B, B, B, B and B). We will review the historical human and animal data on which much of the clinical descriptions of vitamin deficiencies are based and summarise current available tools for accurately diagnosing a nutritional deficiency. We will also review recently described genetic diseases due to pathogenic variants in genes involved in B-vitamin metabolism that have helped to inform the phenotypes and potential causality of certain B-vitamins in peripheral neuropathy (B and B).Endemic outbreaks of peripheral neuropathy over the last two centuries have been linked to food shortages and nutritional deficiency. These include outbreaks in Jamaican sugar plantation workers in the nineteenth century (Strachan's syndrome), World War two prisoners of war, Cuban endemic neuropathy and also Tanzanian endemic optic neuropathy, which remains a significant public health burden today. An improved understanding of lack of which vitamins cause peripheral neuropathy and how to identify specific deficiencies may lead to prevention of significant and irreversible disability in vulnerable populations.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Vitamin B Complex; Avitaminosis; Malnutrition; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Optic Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 37536924
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329849 -
The New York State Dental Journal Oct 1991The oral manifestations of vitamin deficiencies are often the first indications of malnutrition. This is especially true among the elderly, whose more frequent physical... (Review)
Review
The oral manifestations of vitamin deficiencies are often the first indications of malnutrition. This is especially true among the elderly, whose more frequent physical and/or psychological disorders may prevent them from eating a balanced diet. The following is a guide to the dentist, who is often the first health professional to recognize nutritional deficiencies in this age group.
Topics: Aged; Avitaminosis; Female; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Vitamin B Deficiency
PubMed: 1956659
DOI: No ID Found -
Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford,... 1998Alcohol misuse and alcohol withdrawal are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric syndromes, some of which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.... (Review)
Review
Alcohol misuse and alcohol withdrawal are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric syndromes, some of which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. B vitamin deficiency is known to contribute to the aetiology of a number of these syndromes, and B vitamin supplementation thus plays a significant part in prophylaxis and treatment. In particular, the Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome (WKS). due to thiamine deficiency, is a common condition in association with alcohol misuse, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Nicotinamide deficiency may result in a rarer condition, alcoholic pellagra encephalopathy, which often has a similar clinical presentation to WKS. This review considers the role of B vitamins in the aetiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with alcohol misuse, with particular emphasis on WKS.
Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Humans; Pellagra; Psychoses, Alcoholic; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Wernicke Encephalopathy
PubMed: 9719389
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008400 -
Acta Orthopaedica Jun 2021Background and purpose - There is growing evidence that hypoproteinemia is an important risk factor for adverse events after surgery. Less is known about the impact of...
Background and purpose - There is growing evidence that hypoproteinemia is an important risk factor for adverse events after surgery. Less is known about the impact of vitamin deficiency on postoperative outcome. Therefore we evaluated the prevalence and impact of malnutrition and vitamin deficiency in geriatric patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery.Patients and methods - In a retrospective analysis of 599 geriatric patients who had undergone elective orthopedic surgery in 2018 and 2019, hypoproteinemia, and deficiency of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folate were assessed. Reoperation rates, readmission rates, complication rates, and transfusion rates were compared between malnourished patients and patients with normal parameters. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between malnutrition and postoperative adverse events, controlling for confounding factors such as age, sex, diabetes mellitus, and frailty.Results - Patients with malnutrition showed a higher rate of reoperation (13% vs. 5.5%; p = 0.01) and exhibited more wound-healing disorders (7.4% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.001) as well as Clavien-Dindo IVĀ° complications (7.4% vs. 2.4%; p = 0.03). Deficiency of vitamin D led to a higher rate of falls (8.4% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.006). Deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate did not affect postoperative adverse events. Although correlated to frailty (p = 0.004), multivariable regression analysis identified malnutrition as independent risk factor for reoperation (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.2) and wound healing disorders (OR 7.1, CI 1.9-26).Interpretation - Malnutrition is common among geriatric patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery and represents an independent risk factor for postoperative adverse events.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Avitaminosis; Female; Humans; Male; Malnutrition; Orthopedic Procedures; Patient Readmission; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33538225
DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2021.1882092