-
Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford,... 2000The classic signs of vitamin deficiency only occur in states of extreme depletion and are unreliable indicators for early treatment or prophylaxis of alcoholic patients... (Review)
Review
The classic signs of vitamin deficiency only occur in states of extreme depletion and are unreliable indicators for early treatment or prophylaxis of alcoholic patients at risk. Post-mortem findings demonstrate that thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency sufficient to cause irreversible brain damage is not diagnosed ante mortem in 80-90% of these patients. The causes of vitamin deficiency are reviewed with special attention to the inhibition of oral thiamine hydrochloride absorption in man caused by malnutrition present in alcoholic patients or by the direct effects of ethanol on intestinal transport. As the condition of the patient misusing alcohol progresses, damage to brain, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas continue (with other factors discussed) to further compromise the patient. Decreased intake, malabsorption, reduced storage, and impaired utilization further reduce the chances of unaided recovery. Failure of large oral doses of thiamine hydrochloride to provide an effective treatment for Wernicke's encephalopathy emphasizes the need for adequate and rapid replacement of depleted brain thiamine levels by repeated parenteral therapy in adequate doses.
Topics: Alcoholism; Avitaminosis; Humans; Korsakoff Syndrome; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Nutritional Requirements; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency
PubMed: 11304071
DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/35.supplement_1.2 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Dec 2022Patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT) are at high risk of malnutrition during the acute post-transplantation period. This systematic review aimed to... (Review)
Review
Patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT) are at high risk of malnutrition during the acute post-transplantation period. This systematic review aimed to collate and analyse the evidence for vitamin requirements post-SCT. A systematic search of five databases was conducted to include studies published until March 2021. The review utilised the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework. Inclusion criteria consisted of adults undergoing SCT who received vitamin supplementation or had their vitamin levels monitored up to 100 days post-SCT. Studies with paediatric patients or those that looked at vitamin derivates such as folinic acid were excluded. Main outcomes included vitamin deficiency and relevant clinical outcomes. Eleven studies (n = 11) were eligible for inclusion with five rated as neutral quality and six as positive quality. Five studies focused on allogenic SCT, two on autologous SCT and the remaining included a mix of both. Eight studies monitored vitamins levels post-SCT, and seven studies provided vitamin supplementation. Three studies (one provided supplementation) found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (23-60%) prior to SCT. Findings indicate an unclear association between vitamin deficiency and post-SCT complications including acute graft-versus-host-disease, oral mucositis, and mortality. The GRADE certainty of evidence across these outcomes was low or very low. It is unclear if supplementation is needed during SCT, though assessing vitamin D levels prior to transplant should be considered. Further large observational studies or randomised control trials are required to establish vitamin requirements and guide supplementation protocols during SCT.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Vitamins; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36347993
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07409-4 -
CNS Drugs Jul 2014This article reviews the current literature addressing the treatment of schizophrenia with vitamin supplementation. It describes the important roles that vitamins play... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the current literature addressing the treatment of schizophrenia with vitamin supplementation. It describes the important roles that vitamins play in normal metabolism, and reviews the evidence pertaining to vitamin deficiency and supplementation in patients with schizophrenia. There is mounting evidence suggesting that vitamin supplementation, in particular with folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin D, may be important in treatment within certain subgroups of patients. There is a need for larger randomized controlled trials, and further studies examining the incidence of schizophrenia in countries with poor prenatal care and malnutrition, as well as in countries that have adopted mandatory folic acid fortification of grain products, are recommended.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid; Humans; Schizophrenia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 24846474
DOI: 10.1007/s40263-014-0172-4 -
The Antiseptic Dec 1952
Topics: Avitaminosis; Humans
PubMed: 13017552
DOI: No ID Found -
Movement Disorders : Official Journal... Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Antiparkinson Agents; Avitaminosis; Levodopa; Parkinson Disease
PubMed: 38113316
DOI: 10.1002/mds.29628 -
European Journal of Cancer Prevention :... Mar 1997Chronic deficiency of various vitamins can influence the occurrence of some chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular pathology, cataract, arthritis,... (Review)
Review
Chronic deficiency of various vitamins can influence the occurrence of some chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular pathology, cataract, arthritis, disorders of the nervous system and photosensitivity. Similarly, vitamin intake can influence various disorders in infants and elderly people, in burns and in subjects following unbalanced diets or undergoing strenuous physical exercise. Among vitamins, beta-carotene, vitamin E and vitamin C have received most attention, particularly in the prevention of oxidative damage from free radicals. It is supposed that each vitamin plays a different role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, depending on the type of damage relevant to a specific disease. Results from different studies are still far from conclusive and the effects on longevity are not well defined. In industrialized countries, vitamin deficiencies seem to be related only to specific and clearly identifiable groups in the population: therefore, at the moment, it seems more advisable to target vitamin supplementation at risk groups.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Alcoholism; Avitaminosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Communicable Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet, Vegetarian; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Precancerous Conditions; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Smoking
PubMed: 9167137
DOI: 10.1097/00008469-199703001-00008 -
Pancreatology : Official Journal of the... 2016Chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients are at risk for fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) deficiency, but available studies are small and heterogeneous. We conducted a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients are at risk for fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) deficiency, but available studies are small and heterogeneous. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of fat-soluble vitamins deficiency in CP patients.
METHODS
Medline was searched up to January 2016 for case series and case-control studies reporting prevalence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in CP patients. The prevalent deficiency rate was pooled for included studies, and deficiency rate between CP and controls, with relative odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) calculated for case-control studies.
RESULTS
Twelve studies including 548 patients included. With a random-effect model, the pooled prevalence rate of vitamin A, D and E deficiency were 16.8% (95%CI 6.9-35.7), 57.6% (95%CI 43.9-70.4) and 29.2% (95%CI 8.6-64.5) respectively, with considerable heterogeneity (I = 75%, 87.1% and 92%). Only one study evaluated vitamin K deficiency. The pooled OR for vitamin D deficiency in CP cases compared with controls was 1.17 (95% CI 0.77-1.78). Sensitivity analyses showed lower prevalence of vitamin A and E, and higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in high-quality studies. The rate of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency did not seem affect the deficiency rates, while the use of different cut-offs influences results and heterogeneity for vitamin E, but not A.
CONCLUSIONS
Fat-soluble vitamins deficiency is frequent in CP patients, with considerable heterogeneity. There is, however, no apparent increased risk of vitamin D deficiency in CP compared to controls. Larger, high-quality studies are necessary to better estimate the prevalence of fat-soluble vitamins deficiency, including vitamin K.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Humans; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Prevalence; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin E Deficiency; Vitamin K Deficiency
PubMed: 27681502
DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.09.008 -
Bibliotheca Nutritio Et Dieta 1989
Review
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Avitaminosis; Female; Health; Health Status; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Physical Fitness; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 2675826
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Jul 2014Determine the prevalence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged ≤18 years in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, from 2007 to 2010.
AIMS
Determine the prevalence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged ≤18 years in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, from 2007 to 2010.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of fat-soluble vitamin levels in children aged ≤18 years who lived in NSW and attended any of the three paediatric CF centres from 2007 to 2010. An audit of demographic and clinical data during the first vitamin level measurement of the study period was performed.
RESULTS
Deficiency of one or more fat-soluble vitamins was present in 240/530 children (45%) on their first vitamin level test in the study period. The prevalence of vitamins D and E deficiency fell from 22.11% in 2007 to 15.54% in 2010, and 20.22% to 13.89%, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency increased from 11.17% to 13.13%. Low vitamin K was present in 29% in 2007, and prevalence of prolonged prothrombin time increased from 19.21% to 22.62%. Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency is present in 10%-35% of children with pancreatic insufficiency, but only a very small proportion of children who are pancreatic-sufficient.
CONCLUSIONS
This is one of few studies of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in children with CF in Australia. Fat-soluble vitamin testing is essential to identify deficiency in pancreatic-insufficient children who may be non-compliant to supplementation or require a higher supplement dose, and pancreatic-sufficient children who may be progressing to insufficiency. Testing of vitamin K-dependent factors needs consideration. Further studies are needed to monitor rates of vitamin deficiency in the CF community.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Avitaminosis; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency; Female; Humans; Male; New South Wales; Prevalence; Prothrombin Time; Retrospective Studies; Solubility; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency; Vitamin K; Vitamin K Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 24711511
DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201787 -
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) Oct 2014Peripheral neuropathies secondary to vitamin deficiencies, medications, or toxins are frequently considered but can be difficult to definitively diagnose. Accurate... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Peripheral neuropathies secondary to vitamin deficiencies, medications, or toxins are frequently considered but can be difficult to definitively diagnose. Accurate diagnosis is important since these conditions are often treatable and preventable. This article reviews the key features of different types of neuropathies caused by these etiologies and provides a comprehensive list of specific agents that must be kept in mind.
RECENT FINDINGS
While most agents that cause peripheral neuropathy have been known for years, newly developed medications that cause peripheral neuropathy are discussed.
SUMMARY
Peripheral nerves are susceptible to damage by a wide array of toxins, medications, and vitamin deficiencies. It is important to consider these etiologies when approaching patients with a variety of neuropathic presentations; additionally, etiologic clues may be provided by other systemic symptoms. While length-dependent sensorimotor axonal peripheral neuropathy is the most common presentation, several examples present in a subacute severe fashion, mimicking Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Avitaminosis; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 25299283
DOI: 10.1212/01.CON.0000455880.06675.5a