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Medical Oncology and Tumor... 1985Vitamins, either as coenzymes or hormone-like substances play an important role in the expression of genetic information and in the regulation of cellular metabolism,...
Vitamins, either as coenzymes or hormone-like substances play an important role in the expression of genetic information and in the regulation of cellular metabolism, differentiation, and maturation. Recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that certain forms of cancer are more prevalent among populations with a limited intake of certain nutrients. Other evidence indicates that localized deficiency of a nutrient can occur in hormone-sensitive cells without overt systemic manifestations of deficiency disease. Folic acid, because of its key role in nucleic acid biosynthesis, and vitamin A, because of its role in epithelial maintenance are of particular interest. The recognition of folate-dependent fragile sites on chromosomes suggests that folate and related compounds may play a role in preventing tumor-specific chromosome translocations and the insertion of viral oncogenes. Improved understanding of the role of nutrients in cellular maturation could provide clues for primary cancer prevention and better methods of treatment.
Topics: Anemia, Megaloblastic; Avitaminosis; Cervix Uteri; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Smoking; Uterine Neoplasms
PubMed: 4068803
DOI: 10.1007/BF02934544 -
La Revue Du Praticien Oct 2013In industrialized countries, the major vitamin deficiency syndromes have virtually disappeared. Today they are superseded by marginal deficits, characterized by... (Review)
Review
In industrialized countries, the major vitamin deficiency syndromes have virtually disappeared. Today they are superseded by marginal deficits, characterized by insufficient vitamins reserves to maintain normal physiologic state. These states strike populations such as infants, pregnant women, alcoholics and the elderly, and may have long-term adverse effects on health. This assumption stems from the analysis of studies that show an increase in the incidence of various diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular, ocular and osteoarticular pathologies in subjects with low vitamin status. Although causal relationships are difficult to establish, a huge scope for public health appears to be open for vitamins, substituting the notion of minimal intake, indispensable to prevent signs of deficiency, to that ensuring optimal health in the medium and long-terms. However, the paradoxical character of the results obtained in several randomized trials should prompt caution in the use of vitamin supplements to prevent chronic diseases.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Avitaminosis; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Professional Practice; Vitamins
PubMed: 24298822
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine Nov 2002Proper vitamin nutrition is essential for all people but especially for elderly persons, because they are at higher risk for deficiency than younger adults. A review of... (Review)
Review
Proper vitamin nutrition is essential for all people but especially for elderly persons, because they are at higher risk for deficiency than younger adults. A review of the clinical effects of vitamin deficiency shows how easily deficiency can masquerade as other morbidities, such as skin, neurologic, and gait abnormalities. Given the numerous readily available forms and sources of supplementation, their low cost, and their rather limited potential for harm, the goal of good vitamin nutrition for the elderly is easily attainable. To be successful in this goal, physicians must look for patients at risk and for those with features of frank vitamin deficiency. Laboratory testing is most helpful with respect to vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Given the great value of clinical assessment, the low cost of vitamins, and the higher cost of laboratory testing, the authors do not recommend testing before instituting multivitamin use or extra supplementation with individual vitamins unless the diagnosis of deficiency is in question or the use of supplementation would put the patient at risk. The authors' general recommendations are * one multivitamin daily * extra vitamin E for patients with cardiovascular risk factors or Alzheimer's dementia * extra vitamin D for patients with known osteoporosis, osteoporosis risk factors, or strong risk factors for vitamin D deficiency * extra folate for patients with cardiovascular risk factors (especially smokers) and alcoholics * extra thiamine for alcoholics.
Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid Deficiency; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Nutrition Assessment; Nutrition Policy; Nutritional Requirements; Risk Assessment; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin E Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 12608503
DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0690(02)00048-4 -
Medizinische Monatsschrift Fur... Aug 1991
Review
Topics: Adult; Anemia, Macrocytic; Avitaminosis; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 1921842
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology... Aug 2006Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) is a metabolic disorder resulting in poor absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) is a metabolic disorder resulting in poor absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
CASE
Two pregnancies in a woman with ABL are reported, contrasting outcomes with subtherapeutic and normal vitamin levels.
CONCLUSION
Fat-soluble vitamin levels in pregnancy are critical for many aspects of fetal development. This report details a congenital ophthalmologic finding that may be associated with vitamin A deficiency.
Topics: Abetalipoproteinemia; Adult; Avitaminosis; Coloboma; Female; Fetal Development; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin E Deficiency
PubMed: 17022912
DOI: 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)32235-6 -
American Journal of Kidney Diseases :... Mar 2024All vitamins play essential roles in various aspects of body function and systems. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those receiving dialysis, may be... (Review)
Review
All vitamins play essential roles in various aspects of body function and systems. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those receiving dialysis, may be at increased risk of developing vitamin deficiencies due to anorexia, poor dietary intake, protein energy wasting, restricted diet, dialysis loss, or inadequate sun exposure for vitamin D. However, clinical manifestations of most vitamin deficiencies are usually subtle or undetected in this population. Testing for circulating levels is not undertaken for most vitamins except folate, B, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D because assays may not be available or may be costly to perform and do not always correlate with body stores. The last systematic review through 2016 was performed for the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) 2020 Nutrition Guideline update, so this article summarizes the more recent evidence. We review the use of vitamins supplementation in the CKD population. To date there have been no randomized trials to support the benefits of any vitamin supplementation for kidney, cardiovascular, or patient-centered outcomes. The decision to supplement water-soluble vitamins should be individualized, taking account the patient's dietary intake, nutritional status, risk of vitamins deficiency/insufficiency, CKD stage, comorbid status, and dialysis loss. Nutritional vitamin D deficiency should be corrected, but the supplementation dose and formulation need to be personalized, taking into consideration the degree of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, parathyroid hormone levels, CKD stage, and local formulation. Routine supplementation of vitamins A and E is not supported due to potential toxicity. Although more trial data are required to elucidate the roles of vitamin supplementation, all patients with CKD should undergo periodic assessment of dietary intake and aim to receive various vitamins through natural food sources and a healthy eating pattern that includes vitamin-dense foods.
Topics: Humans; Vitamins; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin A; Avitaminosis; Vitamin K
PubMed: 37879527
DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.09.005 -
The American Surgeon Dec 2006Vitamin deficiency after gastric bypass surgery is a known complication. The purpose of this study was to measure the incidence of vitamin deficiency after laparoscopic...
Vitamin deficiency after gastric bypass surgery is a known complication. The purpose of this study was to measure the incidence of vitamin deficiency after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a university hospital setting. All patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass from January 2002 to December 2004 and completed a 1- and 2-year follow-up after surgery were selected. Of the total 493 patients, 318 (65%) had vitamin results at 1-year follow-up. Of the 366 eligible for the 2-year follow-up, 141 (39%) had vitamin results. Patients were further grouped based on gender, race, and Roux limb length, and incidence of vitamin deficiencies were studied. The incidence of vitamin A (retinol) deficiency was 11 per cent, vitamin C was 34.6 per cent, vitamin D25OH was 7 per cent, vitamin B1 was 18.3 per cent, vitamin B2 was 13.6 per cent, vitamin B6 was 17.6 per cent, and vitamin B12 was 3.6 per cent 12 months after surgery. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of vitamin deficiencies between 1 and 2 years. In univariate and multivariate logistic regression of 1- and 2-year follow up, black patients (vitamins A, D, and B1 for 1 year and B1 and B6 for 2 years) and women (vitamin C at 1 year) were more likely to have vitamin deficiencies. Vitamin deficiencies after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass are more common and involve more vitamins, even those that are water soluble, than previously appreciated. Black patients tend to have more deficiencies than other groups. The bariatric surgeon should be committed to the long-term follow-up and care of these patients. Further prospective and randomized studies are necessary to provide appropriate guidelines for supplementation.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Age Factors; Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastric Bypass; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Riboflavin Deficiency; Sex Factors; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; White People
PubMed: 17216818
DOI: 10.1177/000313480607201209 -
Nutrients May 2023This review aims to identify the current indications and gaps in the management of fat-soluble vitamins in pediatric patients with cholestasis. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This review aims to identify the current indications and gaps in the management of fat-soluble vitamins in pediatric patients with cholestasis.
METHODS
A comprehensive review of the literature using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase was performed. Two authors independently identified the most relevant studies published over the past 20 years up to February 2022, including original papers, narrative reviews, observational studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The literature was screened, and preclinical studies about pathogenetic mechanisms were also included. Keywords searched for each fat-soluble vitamin (A, D, E and K), alone or in combination, were "cholestasis", "chronic liver disease", "biliary atresia", "malnutrition" and "nutritional needs". Studies published prior to the selected time range were searched manually and, when considered relevant, included within the list of references.
RESULTS
Eight hundred twenty-six articles were initially screened. From these, 48 studies were selected. A comparison of the recommended methods of supplementation for fat-soluble vitamins was then carried out. The causes of malabsorption were explained and current methods for defining deficiency and monitoring complications were summarized.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the literature, children with cholestasis are at a higher risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. Although there are general recommendations, the treatment for vitamin deficiency is not uniformly validated.
Topics: Child; Humans; Vitamins; Cholestasis; Avitaminosis
PubMed: 37299454
DOI: 10.3390/nu15112491 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar... Jan 2010This review focuses on the putative role of hyper-homocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of different diseases affecting the nervous system, including stroke, Alzheimer's... (Review)
Review
This review focuses on the putative role of hyper-homocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of different diseases affecting the nervous system, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, a firm pathogenic role of homocysteine in these diseases has never been established. Lowering plasma homocysteine levels trough vitamin therapy failed to prevent vascular diseases. Conversely, normalization of hyper-homocysteinemia caused improvement in patients with cognitive impairment. B vitamin deficiency is the main determinant of homocysteine levels. However, it has been hypothesized that homocysteine might be a mere marker of vitamin deficiency or an indicator of disease rather than a risk factor. A more consistent use of thresholds to define deficiency is needed to recommend routine screening, monitoring and supplementation of B vitamins to ameliorate the prognosis of the above mentioned disorders. To date, data are insufficient to firmly establish which one of the hypotheses made is correct and the question concerning the real meaning of hyper-homocysteinemia in the pathology of the nervous system still remains an intriguing medical dilemma.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Nervous System Diseases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Vascular Diseases; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 20036953
DOI: 10.2741/s70 -
Annales de Biologie Clinique 2002
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Avitaminosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Cystic Fibrosis; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Male; Niacin; Nutrition Disorders; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 12147448
DOI: No ID Found