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Voprosy Pitaniia 2015The diet of population consisting of natural products is quite adequate and even excessive of energy consumption, but is not able to meet fully the need of organism in a... (Review)
Review
The diet of population consisting of natural products is quite adequate and even excessive of energy consumption, but is not able to meet fully the need of organism in a number of micronutrients. Due to lack of sun exposure and long presence indoors endogenous synthesis of vitamin D in the skin by ultraviolet radiation does not provide the body’s need for this vitamin. Intake of vitaminmineral supplements (VMS) is appropriate because combined deficiency of vitamins and minerals takes place in population. Prophylactic doses (equal to physiological needs) provide a diet completeness and reduce the risk of vitamin deficiency and its consequences. The high incidence of combined deficiency of vitamins among population and the existence of vitamin interactions are the basis for the application of the multivitamins. The simultaneous intake of vitamins is more physiological, their combination is more effective than a separate or isolated destination of each of them. Efficacy of the VMS has been shown in the treatment and prevention of some diseases. The main requirements for the VMS are full list of vitamins and minerals, the lack of which is detected most frequently, in doses covering the needs of organism. For the health of the pregnant woman and her unborn child preference should be given for complexes, containing DHA and/or probiotics along with vitamins. The principles of the selection of the composition and vitamin doses in the VMS for using patients suffering from various pathologies should be based on data on the patient’s sufficiency with vitamins, the understanding of the role of vitamin deficiency in the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as on the composition of the diet and its modifications.
Topics: Adult; Avitaminosis; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Female; Humans; Male; Minerals; Pregnancy; Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Vitamins
PubMed: 29378109
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 1986The skin and mucosal changes in vitamin deficiency are described. Pellagra, which is the oldest known cutaneous manifestation among vitamin deficiencies, is reviewed....
The skin and mucosal changes in vitamin deficiency are described. Pellagra, which is the oldest known cutaneous manifestation among vitamin deficiencies, is reviewed. Cutaneous alterations caused by deficiency of the water-soluble vitamins B6, C, B1 and biotin, B12, folic acid, and riboflavin result in more mucosal alterations and are discussed. Alterations caused by fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies (vitamins A and K) are also considered.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Biotin; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Mucous Membrane; Niacinamide; Riboflavin Deficiency; Skin Diseases; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin K Deficiency
PubMed: 2948974
DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(86)70301-0 -
Surgery For Obesity and Related... Jul 2019Bariatric surgery patients are at risk for vitamin deficiencies.
BACKGROUND
Bariatric surgery patients are at risk for vitamin deficiencies.
OBJECTIVES
Investigate the prevalence of deficiencies of vitamins A, B1, B12, D, and folate in sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients in a single institution.
SETTING
An academic medical center.
METHODS
Retrospective chart reviews of 468 bariatric surgery patients (358 SG and 110 RYGB) were analyzed for vitamin levels, calcium, and parathyroid hormone. Both preoperative and postoperative measurements were obtained.
RESULTS
Deficiency of vitamin D was the most common, seen in 27% preoperatively. Postoperatively, RYGB patients had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than SG patients (11.5% RYGB versus 5.2% SG within the first postoperative year, and 20.3% RYGB versus 13.4% SG after 1 year). Elevated parathyroid hormone was observed in 45% of RYGB patients after 1 year postoperatively. Vitamin A deficiency was uncommon preoperatively (2.7% SG versus 1.7% RYGB), but increased after surgery (9.4% SG versus 15.9% RYGB within 1 year postoperatively, and 5.2% SG versus 7.7% RYGB after 1 year). Vitamin B1 deficiency was observed in 8.1% SG versus 1.7% RYGB patients preoperatively and increased during the first year postoperatively (SG 10.5% and RYGB 13.7%), but improved after 1 year (7.2% SG versus 5.9% RYGB). Less than 2% of Vitamin B12 deficiencies and no folate deficiencies occurred in both SG and RYGB patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The highest prevalence of vitamin B1 and A deficiencies were seen in the first year postoperatively. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency were uncommon in our patients. Vitamin D deficiency improved after surgery, but elevated parathyroid hormone was common after RYGB.
Topics: Adult; Avitaminosis; Female; Gastrectomy; Gastric Bypass; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 31202681
DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.04.028 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... Jul 1994The assessment of the nutritional status involves three levels: firstly, the evaluation of the nutrient intake, secondly, the clinical examination, and thirdly, the...
The assessment of the nutritional status involves three levels: firstly, the evaluation of the nutrient intake, secondly, the clinical examination, and thirdly, the specific biochemical evaluation. Risk factors and risk indicators for malnutrition (including vitamin deficiency) should be identified and evaluated in each patient. The therapeutic strategy depends on the etiology of the vitamin deficiency. In the case of a vitamin deficiency due to low intakes, nutrient intake should be optimized, and short-term oral vitamin supplementation may be added.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Risk Factors
PubMed: 8073382
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Hospital Apr 1953
Topics: Avitaminosis; Humans; Nutrition Disorders
PubMed: 13032825
DOI: No ID Found -
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatric... Jun 1970
Topics: Avitaminosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Nicotinic Acids; Nursing; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 5202179
DOI: No ID Found -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Jun 2021This study aimed to evaluate the long-term low-dose effects of exposure to a mixture of 6 pesticide active substances (diquat, imazamox, imazethapyr, tepraloxydin,...
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term low-dose effects of exposure to a mixture of 6 pesticide active substances (diquat, imazamox, imazethapyr, tepraloxydin, bentazone, acifluorfen) and to elucidate if chronic vitamin deficiency can influence their toxicity. Two hundred Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: a vitamin-sufficiency control group, a vitamin-deficiency control group, a vitamin sufficiency test group and a vitamin-deficiency test group. The test groups were treated with the aforementioned pesticides at doses 100 times lower than the corresponding NOAEL. After 6 months, ten rats from each group were sacrificed and a complete evaluation of blood and urine biochemistry, biomarkers of oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification enzymes and lysosomal enzymes and organ histopathology was performed. The pesticides mixture and vitamin deficiency determined an increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and urinary calcium levels, abnormal serum lipid profile, and a decrease of total blood proteins levels, red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin. The combination of the two stressors up-regulated CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1 and GST levels. This study provides a new proof for the need to move forward from single chemical testing to a more complex approach to account for the multitude of stressors that can challenge the setting of real safety levels.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Calcium; Cholesterol; Chronic Disease; Lipase; Male; Organ Size; Oxidative Stress; Pesticides; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors; Triglycerides; Rats
PubMed: 33836210
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112188 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... Jan 2004Weight loss after biliopancreatic diversion or duodenal switch is due to decreased calorie absorption secondary to fat malabsorption. Fat malabsorption may also cause...
Weight loss after biliopancreatic diversion or duodenal switch is due to decreased calorie absorption secondary to fat malabsorption. Fat malabsorption may also cause essential fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, which may have severe clinical consequences and alter calcium metabolism. Serum vitamins A, D, E, and K, zinc, parathyroid hormone, corrected calcium, and alkaline phosphatase levels were measured in a cohort of patients who had previously undergone biliopancreatic diversion. Two bariatric surgery units were involved in the study: New York University School of Medicine (New York, NY), and the Wesley Medical Center (Brisbane, Australia). A total of 170 patients completed the study. The incidence of vitamin A deficiency was 69%, vitamin K deficiency 68%, and vitamin D deficiency 63% by the fourth year after surgery. The incidence of vitamin E and zinc deficiency did not increase with time after surgery. The incidence of hypocalcemia increased from 15% to 48% over the study period with a corresponding increase in serum parathyroid hormone values in 69% of patients in the fourth postoperative year. There is a progressive increase in the incidence and severity of hypovitaminemia A, D, and K with time after biliopancreatic diversion and duodenal switch. Calcium metabolism is affected with an increasing incidence of secondary hyperparathyrodisim and evidence of increased bone resorption in 3% of patients. Long-term nutritional monitoring is necessary after malabsorptive operations for morbid obesity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Avitaminosis; Biliopancreatic Diversion; Calcium; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypocalcemia; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K Deficiency
PubMed: 14746835
DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2003.09.020 -
Current Neurology and Neuroscience... Nov 2019The goal of this chapter is to educate clinicians on the neurologic manifestations of certain nutritional deficiencies in order to promptly identify and appropriately... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The goal of this chapter is to educate clinicians on the neurologic manifestations of certain nutritional deficiencies in order to promptly identify and appropriately treat these patients.
RECENT FINDINGS
Many vitamin and nutritional deficiencies have been described dating back to the early days of neurology and medicine. Some are very rare and thus, there are no randomized controlled studies to assess supplementation or dosage; however, there are reviews of case reports that can assist clinicians in choosing treatments. While endemic vitamin and nutritional deficiencies may be rarely encountered in many countries, vulnerable populations continue to be at risk for developing neurologic complications. These populations include those with diseases causing malabsorption, the elderly, chronic alcohol users, as well as pregnant mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum to name a few. It is important to recognize syndromes associated with these nutritional deficiencies, as prompt identification and treatment may prevent permanent neurologic damage.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Humans; Malnutrition; Nervous System Diseases; Neurology; Nutrition Disorders
PubMed: 31773293
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-1011-2 -
Voprosy Pitaniia 2015The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined deficiency of all vitamins on the manifestation of unconditioned reflex and learning (in response to an...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined deficiency of all vitamins on the manifestation of unconditioned reflex and learning (in response to an electric current) in growing Wistar rats with initial body weight 53.4 ± 1.2 g (45.5-62.0 g). 20 of 46 tested male rats (latent period of transition from the illuminated chamber to the dark compartment did not exceed 60 s) were included in the experiment. Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (control and experimental) for the duration of the latent period and body mass. Within 23 days the rats of the control group received a complete semisynthetic diet. Combined vitamin deficiency in tested rats was caused by 5-fold diet decrease of the amount of vitamin mixture without vitamin E. On the 12th day the second phase of testing was performed, during which the rat received electrocutaneous irritation on paws (current 0.4 mA, 8 seconds) after transition to the dark compartment of the chamber. Preservation of the conducted reflex was performed 24 h and 9 days after training. On the 23rd day pre-anesthetized with ether rats were taken out from the experiment by decapitation. The content of vitamin A (retinol and retinol palmitate) and E (tocopherols) in plasma and liver and in the sunflower oil was analyzed by HPLC, the level of vitamins B1 and B2 in liver and casein by fluorimetric method, blood serum malondialdehyde content--by spectrophotometric method. Reducing of vitamin mixture amount of the diet lead to significant reduction in liver vitamin A, E, B1, and B2 level and in blood plasma vitamin A and E concentration by the end of the experiment, but had no effect on blood plasma MDA concentration. On the 12th day of vitamin deficiency in rats manifestation of unconditioned reflex (photophobia) has been deteriorated, as evidenced by the significant 3,2-fold increase of latent period of transition to the dark compartment compared with animals fed a complete diet (47.8 ± 15.8 vs 14.8 ± 3.6 sec), but their ability to learn hadn't been effected. Based on the data that vitamin deficiency, especially of vitamin-antioxidants, causes oxidative stress, and that increase of corticosterone level in hippocampus during aging significantly inhibits the function of the brain, we can assume that increasing of corticosterone level may be one of the cause of the detected cognitive impairment, as isolated vitamin A deficiency in rats increases tissue corticosterone levels.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Avitaminosis; Conditioning, Classical; Electric Stimulation; Male; Photophobia; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Vitamins
PubMed: 26402940
DOI: No ID Found