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Poultry Science Aug 1993Proteins in the vitelline membrane of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Ten major bands, molecular mass ranging from 14.5 to 285 kDa,...
Proteins in the vitelline membrane of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Ten major bands, molecular mass ranging from 14.5 to 285 kDa, can be clearly distinguished. Two bands corresponding to the molecular masses of 33 and 175 kDa were detected in the inner layer of the membrane and both were stained with periodic acid-Schiff reagent, indicating that they are glycoproteins. Nine bands were detected in the outer layer of the membrane. Among them, 265- and 285-kDa bands were glycoproteins. During storage of eggs at 25 C, the yolk index significantly decreased. Among the 10 proteins of the vitelline membrane, a decrease in the 20-kDa protein was most prominent, disappearing after 5 days of storage. The 16.5- and 175-kDa protein bands were also less prominent, whereas the 40- and 61-kDa proteins increased during storage. These changes in the proteins of the vitelline membrane were also observed in eggs stored at 4 C, although the changes occurred more slowly than that noted from the eggs stored at 25 C.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Coturnix; Egg Proteins; Egg Proteins, Dietary; Egg Yolk; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Food Handling; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 8378223
DOI: 10.3382/ps.0721566 -
The Journal of Experimental Biology Jun 1974
Topics: Animals; Anura; Biomechanical Phenomena; Culture Techniques; Female; Pressure; Rana temporaria; Stress, Mechanical; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 4546549
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.60.3.807 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2008
Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Embryonic Development; Models, Biological; Sterilization; Tissue Culture Techniques; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 19030801
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-483-8_16 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Jul 1982A study has been made of the proteins in the vitelline membrane of hen's eggs before and after mechanical separation into the inner and outer layers. The membranes were...
A study has been made of the proteins in the vitelline membrane of hen's eggs before and after mechanical separation into the inner and outer layers. The membranes were dissolved in detergent (sodium dodecyl sulphate) and chromatographic fractions were examined by gel electrophoresis. The separated inner and outer layers were compared by gel electrophoresis. The outer layer contained (i) enzymically active lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) (about 60% dry weight), (ii) an insoluble ovomucin complex and (iii) a new protein, VMOI (vitelline membrane outer I). These account for most of the protein. In addition, some minor constituents were detected by gel electrophoresis but were not isolated. Except for ovomucin, the constituents of the outer layer could be dissolved from the membrane at high ionic strength (greater than 0.5 M sodium chloride), resulting in a loss of its structure. On lowering the ionic strength the soluble proteins recombined with the membrane, partially regenerating the original structure. Ovomucin appears to form the skeleton of the outer layer, but the salt-soluble proteins, especially lysozyme, are responsible for its integrity. The function of the newly-recognized protein (VMOI) is not known. Its molecular weight is 17,500 according to gel electrophoresis in detergent and it contains no methionine. The inner layer consists largely of the proteins GPI, GPII and GPIII isolated by Kido et al. (Kido, S., Janado, M. and Nunoura, H. (1975) J. Biochem. 78, 261-268) from the whole membrane.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Egg Proteins; Female; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Ovomucin; Solubility; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 7115729
DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(82)90329-6 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2017The major components of vitelline membrane (VM) are ovomucin, VM outer (VMO) I and VMO II. At present, the distribution pattern of maternal cells on the VM has not been...
The major components of vitelline membrane (VM) are ovomucin, VM outer (VMO) I and VMO II. At present, the distribution pattern of maternal cells on the VM has not been described in detail. In this study, the existence and distribution characteristics of maternal cells on VM were observed. There were more than 3.2 × 10 somatic cells on VM, which were uneven distributed. The calcein AM/PI staining of the maternal cells on the VM showed that the cells' viability changed with the freshness of the eggs, and that the maternal cells gradually underwent apoptosis and became degraded. The results of morphology of different tissues indicated that the most of maternal cells on the VM were granulosa cells. Moreover, the karyotype of the cultured granulosa cells, which is the main source of cells on VM, were identified as the normal diploid karyotype of chicken. Furthermore, the VM DNA extracted from chickens and quails, which represent the eggs of different size, was adequate for further genetic analysis. The VM DNA was easily accessible and relatively constant, without cross-contamination. Therefore, the VM DNA could potentially be applied for the molecular traceability between eggs and chickens, and be beneficial in avian ecology research studies.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; Chickens; DNA; Diploidy; Female; Granulosa Cells; Karyotyping; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 28747770
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06996-1 -
Journal of Biochemistry Aug 1975The vitelline membrane of hen's egg has been successfully solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), guanidine hydrochloride and urea solutions, and its macromolecular...
The vitelline membrane of hen's egg has been successfully solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), guanidine hydrochloride and urea solutions, and its macromolecular components examined. SDS-gel electrophoresis of the membrane solution revealed the presence of three major components designated I, II, and III, all containing carbohydrate and protein. The approximate molecular weights of components I and II were 32,000 and 260,000, respectively, and the sedimentation coefficients were 2.2S and 4.3S. Component III was in an aggregated form which disintegrated into smaller components upon reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. It was found that component II (4.3S component) deteriorated during storage of the egg with the concomitant formation of degraded components. The loss of this component was accompanied by a gradual decrease of the neutral sugar content of the vitelline membrane. On the basis of these data, the membrane structure and its deterioration during storage are discussed.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Carbohydrates; Chickens; Drug Stability; Egg Proteins; Eggs; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Molecular Weight; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 1241694
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130903 -
Developmental Biology Aug 1996The Drosophila eggshell consists of three major proteinaceous layers: the vitelline membrane, the inner chorionic layer, and the outer endochorion. During the latter...
The Drosophila eggshell consists of three major proteinaceous layers: the vitelline membrane, the inner chorionic layer, and the outer endochorion. During the latter stages of oogenesis, the proteins that comprise these layers are synthesized and secreted by epithelial follicle cells which surround the maturing oocyte. While there is considerable knowledge of the structural units which comprise the eggshell layers, there is little knowledge of how individual proteins function or interact with one another to form the structure. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to follow the distribution of four different eggshell proteins in the assembling and mature eggshell. sV23 and sV17, follicle cell proteins synthesized during the early stages of eggshell formation (stages 8-10), were distributed within the vitelline membrane layer at all stages. Despite marked temporal differences in their accumulation profiles, s36 and s18, putative chorion proteins, were similarly distributed throughout the floor, pillars, and roof of the endochorion. Although the vitelline membrane appears to be morphologically complete by stage 11, developmental Western blots and immunolocalization data indicate that molecular dynamism persists within the layer throughout the subsequent choriogenic stages. During early chorion formation the vitelline membrane appears to act as a reservoir for chorion proteins since s36 was found predominantly in the vitelline membrane layer of stage 12 egg chambers. During the late choriogenic stages (13-14), both sV17 and sV23 are processed to smaller derivatives. Interactions between the eggshell layers were suggested by ultrastructural analysis of a sV23 protein null mutant which showed that the structural integrity of the outer chorion is dependent upon the presence of a vitelline membrane component.
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Base Sequence; Chorion; Drosophila melanogaster; Egg Proteins; Epitopes; Female; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Oogenesis; Ovum; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 8806834
DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1996.0188 -
The Journal of General Physiology Jan 19491. The problem of the relation of the plasma membrane to the extraneous coats and cortex of the Nereis egg is discussed in the light of the observations of Lillie,...
1. The problem of the relation of the plasma membrane to the extraneous coats and cortex of the Nereis egg is discussed in the light of the observations of Lillie, Chambers, and Novikoff. 2. Evidence obtained from experiments with the centrifuge, and by treating eggs with alkaline sodium chloride, indicates that the plasma membrane of the unfertilized egg is external to the jelly precursor granules of the cortex. 3. Experiments with alkaline sodium chloride indicate that the perivitelline space of the fertilized egg is extraovular after jelly extrusion is complete. 4. The cortical behavior (membrane elevation) of the Nereis egg in alkaline sodium chloride and the cortical response (jelly extrusion) following activation of the egg in normal fertilization or parthenogenesis are attributed largely to the properties of the jelly, and presumably, to its reactions with calcium and hydroxyl ions.
Topics: Calcium; Cell Membrane; Cytoplasmic Granules; Fertilization; Ovum; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 18123313
DOI: 10.1085/jgp.32.3.351 -
Zoo Biology May 2017Advanced reproductive technologies (ART's) are often employed with various taxa to enhance captive breeding programs and maintain genetic diversity. Perivitelline...
Advanced reproductive technologies (ART's) are often employed with various taxa to enhance captive breeding programs and maintain genetic diversity. Perivitelline membrane-bound (PVM-bound) sperm detection has previously been demonstrated in avian and chelonian species as a useful technique for breeding management. In the absence of embryotic development within an egg, this technique can detect the presence of sperm trapped on the oocyte membrane confirming breeding, male reproductive status, and pair compatibility. PVM-bound sperm were successfully detected in three clutches of Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) eggs at the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park (NZP) for the first time in any crocodilian species. PVM-bound sperm were detected in fresh and incubated C. rhombifer eggs, as well as eggs that were developing (banded) and those that were not (not banded). The results of this study showed significant differences in average sperm densities per egg between clutches (p = 0.001). Additionally, there was not a significant difference within clutches between eggs that banded and those that did not band (Clutch A, p = 0.505; Clutch B, p = 0.665; Clutch C, p = 0.266). The results of this study demonstrate the necessity to microscopically examine eggs that do not develop (do not band), to determine if sperm is present, which can help animal managers problem solve reproductive shortcomings. PVM-bound sperm detection could be a useful technique in assessing crocodilian breeding programs, as well as have potential uses in studies assessing sperm storage, artificial insemination, and artificial incubation.
Topics: Alligators and Crocodiles; Animals; Male; Ovum; Sperm Count; Sperm-Ovum Interactions; Spermatozoa; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 28497618
DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21367 -
The Anatomical Record Feb 1976Explanted blastoderms of freshly laid chicken eggs expand their area during the first 44-45 hours of incubation by a factor of at least 11 if they are placed with the...
Explanted blastoderms of freshly laid chicken eggs expand their area during the first 44-45 hours of incubation by a factor of at least 11 if they are placed with the epiblast on the inner surface of explanted fresh chick vitelline membrane and provided with chick egg extract. This expansion is due essentially to the spreading of the yolk sac-serosal membrane. On turkey and duck membrane the expansion factor is about 6 and 3.8 respectively under otherwise identical conditions, but 1.9 only on a semisolid nutrient agar plate. Only the inner surface of the vitelline membrane has this growth-promoting potential, which markedly and progressively declines during incubation in ovo because of systemic factors rather than because of a direct influence by the outgrowing yolk sac-serosal membrane. Trypsinization of fresh chick vitelline membrane (1% trypsin 3 hours) reduces the growth-promoting potential to about 40% of its normal strength. The outgrowth of the extraembryonic tissues on vitelline membrane is better supported in the presence of a species' own egg extract than by extract from another species.
Topics: Animals; Blastoderm; Chick Embryo; Female; Serous Membrane; Trypsin; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 942818
DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091840208