-
Developmental Biology Dec 1987To isolate genes involved in vitelline membrane production, an ovarian cDNA library was screened with eggchamber RNAs labeled in vivo. Two cDNA clones encoding RNAs that...
To isolate genes involved in vitelline membrane production, an ovarian cDNA library was screened with eggchamber RNAs labeled in vivo. Two cDNA clones encoding RNAs that are selectively expressed in follicle cells during the period of vitelline membrane formation were isolated. Following isolation of homologous genomic clones from a Drosophila library, one gene was localized by in situ hybridization to chromosomal region 26A, and the other to 3C. Developmental Northern blots demonstrated that both genes produce 700-800 nucleotide transcripts that accumulate during the stages of vitelline membrane synthesis. In vitro translation products from hybrid selected RNAs and DNA sequence analysis both indicate that the 26A region gene encodes a major protein component of the vitelline membrane. The structural properties of the 3C region follicle cell gene seem more compatible with an intracellular function.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; Drosophila melanogaster; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Oogenesis; Ovary; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 3119397
DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(87)90497-0 -
Canadian Journal of Zoology Jul 1967
Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Female; Metamorphosis, Biological; Ovum; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 6070626
DOI: 10.1139/z67-063 -
Journal of Food Protection Sep 2008Refrigeration to limit bacterial multiplication is a critical aspect of efforts to control the transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) to consumers...
Refrigeration to limit bacterial multiplication is a critical aspect of efforts to control the transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) to consumers of contaminated eggs. Although the nutrient-rich yolk interior is an uncommon location for SE contamination in freshly laid, naturally contaminated eggs, migration across the vitelline membrane could lead to rapid bacterial multiplication even when the initial site of deposition is outside the yolk. Multiplication on the yolk membrane (before, or in addition to, multiplication within the yolk contents) could be another source of increased risk to consumers. The present study used an in vitro egg contamination model to compare the abilities of four strains of SE to either multiply in association with the yolk membrane or migrate through that membrane to reach the yolk contents during 36 h of incubation at 30 degrees C. After inoculation onto the exterior surface of intact, whole yolks, all four SE strains penetrated the vitelline membrane to reach the yolk contents (at an overall frequency of 11.5%) after 12 h of incubation. The mean log concentration of SE was significantly higher in whole yolks (including yolk membranes) than in yolk contents at both 12 h (0.818 versus 0.167 CFU/ ml) and 36 h (2.767 versus 1.402 CFU/ml) of incubation. These results demonstrate that SE multiplication on the vitelline membrane may both precede and exceed multiplication resulting from penetration into the yolk contents during the first 36 h of unrefrigerated storage, reinforcing the importance of rapid refrigeration for protecting consumers from egg-transmitted illness.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Egg Yolk; Food Contamination; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Humans; Refrigeration; Salmonella enteritidis; Temperature; Time Factors; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 18810876
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.9.1905 -
The Journal of Cell Biology Mar 1974The electrical membrane potential (E(m)) and electrical membrane resistance (R(m)) were measured continuously during the first cleavage of Xenopus eggs, using... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The electrical membrane potential (E(m)) and electrical membrane resistance (R(m)) were measured continuously during the first cleavage of Xenopus eggs, using intracellular microelectrodes. A sharp hyperpolarization of E(m) and decrease in R(m) can be observed from 6 to 8 min after the onset of cleavage. This moment coincides with the onset of the insertion of new membrane (Bluemink and de Laat, 1973) leading to the formation of the interblastomeric membrane during normal cleavage. Removal of the vitelline membrane or exposure to cytochalasin B (CCB) leads to exposure of the entire surface area of the membrane newly formed during cleavage. These conditions allow for a direct measurement of the permeability properties of the new membrane. It was found that under these conditions E(m) reaches values about 3 times more negative and R(m) reaches values about 1.5-3 times smaller than during normal cleavage. The extent of reduction of R(m) can be correlated with the surface area of the newly formed membrane. We conclude that the new membrane has different ionic permeability properties than the pre-existing membrane (most probably a relatively high permeability for K(+) ions). Its mean specific resistance is 1-2 kOmega.cm(2), as against 74 kOmega.cm(2) for the pre-existing membrane. No influence of CCB on the permeability properties of the pre-existing or new membrane could be detected.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Cytochalasin B; Female; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Ovum; Permeability; Time Factors; Vitelline Membrane; Xenopus
PubMed: 4824285
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.60.3.529 -
PloS One 2020Of all the known oviparous taxa, female birds lay the most diverse types of eggs that differ in terms of shape, shell pigmentation, and shell structure. The pigmentation... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Characterization of structure and protein of vitelline membranes of precocial (ring-necked pheasant, gray partridge) and superaltricial (cockatiel parrot, domestic pigeon) birds.
Of all the known oviparous taxa, female birds lay the most diverse types of eggs that differ in terms of shape, shell pigmentation, and shell structure. The pigmentation of the shell, the weight of the egg, and the composition of the yolk correlate with environmental conditions and the needs of the developing embryos. In this study, we analyzed the structure and protein composition of the vitelline membrane (VM) of ring-necked pheasant, gray partridge, cockatiel parrot, and domestic pigeon eggs. We found that the VM structure is characteristic of each species and varies depending on whether the species is precocial (ring-necked pheasant and gray partridge) or superaltrical (cockatiel parrot and domestic pigeon). We hypothesize that a multilayer structure of VM is necessary to counteract the aging process of the egg. The multilayer structure of VM is only found in species with a large number of eggs in one clutch and is characterized by a long incubation period. An interesting discovery of this study is the three-layered VM of pheasant and partridge eggs. This shows that the formation of individual layers of VM in specific sections of the hen's reproductive system is not confirmed in other species. The number of protein fractions varied between 19 and 23, with a molecular weight ranging from 15 to 250 kDa, depending on the species. The number of proteins identified in the VM of the study birds' eggs is as follows: chicken-14, ring-necked pheasant-7, gray partridge-10, cockatiel parrot-6, and domestic pigeon-23. The highest number of species-specific proteins (21) was detected in the VM of domestic pigeon. This study is the first to present the structure and protein composition in the VM of ring-necked pheasant, gray partridge, cockatiel parrot, and domestic pigeon eggs. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between the hatching specification of birds and the structure of the VM.
Topics: Animals; Cockatoos; Columbidae; Egg Proteins; Female; Galliformes; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Molecular Weight; Protein Interaction Maps; Proteomics; Species Specificity; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 31999757
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228310 -
Parasitology Research Dec 2020This study of the fish blood fluke Aporocotyle simplex represents the first detailed transmission electron microscopical (TEM) investigation of the vitellarium of an...
Interrelationships of vitelline and muscle cells within the vitelline follicles of the blood fluke Aporocotyle simplex (Digenea, Aporocotylidae) and morphological evidence for the modification of vitelline material for eggshell formation.
This study of the fish blood fluke Aporocotyle simplex represents the first detailed transmission electron microscopical (TEM) investigation of the vitellarium of an aporocotylid digenean blood fluke. It revealed some unusual characteristics in the cytoarchitecture of the vitelline follicles and demonstrated modifications of the vitelline granules for eggshell formation. The vitelline follicles consist of vitellocytes at different developmental stages surrounded by sarcoplasmic processes of myocytes which occur throughout each follicle. Sites of intimate contact occur between the vitellocytes and the myocytes. Individual vitelline globules (0.1-0.2 μm in diameter) accumulate in quite small clusters of 10-20 and have a dense, heterogeneous matrix possessing central and peripheral regions with a greater density. Modifications of the vitelline globules take place within the clusters and are first apparent when the vitellocytes reach the lumen of the vitelline duct and vitelline reservoir. Globules within the clusters become confluent, and, when the vitellocytes reach the lumen of the oviduct and proximal ootype, these consolidated clusters contain a shapeless, loosely packed, dense material which is released from the vitellocytes by exocytosis. This investigation has provided morphological evidence for shell formation from modified vitelline globules in the form of a discontinuous, thin layer (~ 0.07 μm in thickness) of electron-dense shell material around the fertilized ovum and associated vitellocytes in the proximal ootype. The eggshell of intra-uterine eggs acquires an additional thin, heterogeneous outer layer, increasing its thickness to ~ 0.1 μm. The cytoarchitecture of the vitellarium, modifications of the vitelline globules within the clusters and the structure of the eggshell of A. simplex may prove to be of value in studies examining relationships between the three distinct lineages of aporocotylid digeneans.
Topics: Animals; Egg Shell; Female; Fishes; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Muscle Cells; Oogenesis; Ovarian Follicle; Ovum; Schistosomatidae; Trematode Infections; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 32808101
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06849-3 -
Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique Mar 1991The surface of the unfertilized sea urchin egg is covered by the vitelline layer (VL), a fibrous extracellular matrix that contains receptors for sperm. At... (Review)
Review
The surface of the unfertilized sea urchin egg is covered by the vitelline layer (VL), a fibrous extracellular matrix that contains receptors for sperm. At fertilization, cortical granule exocytosis releases enzymes and structural proteins that cause the VL to elevate and become remodelled into the mechanically and chemically tough fertilization envelope. This envelope prevents further penetration of sperm and protects the embryo during early development. A thicker, more complex vitelline envelope surrounds the Xenopus laevis egg. This fibrous coat is also restructured at fertilization to produce an impenetrable barrier to sperm. The biochemical steps that occur during self-assembly of these fertilization envelopes are reviewed, and the ultrastructural changes that occur, as seen in platinum replicas of quick-frozen, deep-etched, and rotary-shadowed eggs, are illustrated.
Topics: Animals; Echinodermata; Exocytosis; Extracellular Matrix; Fertilization; Ovum; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitelline Membrane; Xenopus laevis
PubMed: 2045963
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1060170305 -
Experimental Cell Research Jul 1970
Topics: Agglutination; Animals; Echinodermata; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ovum; Tetroses; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 5464474
DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(70)90257-0 -
Applied Immunohistochemistry &... Jul 2015The embryonic origin of umbilical cord vestiges is well documented; however, their immunophenotype is unknown. This study was conducted to determine whether vitelline...
The embryonic origin of umbilical cord vestiges is well documented; however, their immunophenotype is unknown. This study was conducted to determine whether vitelline and allantoic remnants can be differentiated using immunohistochemical markers. All allantoic remnants were stained with p63 and were negative for CDX2, whereas the vitelline remnants stained with CDX2 and were negative for p63. An unexpected finding was a small number of morphologically ambiguous cases that stained with both markers in a complimentary manner. The term "hybrid" remnant is proposed for these remnants.
Topics: Allantois; Biomarkers; CDX2 Transcription Factor; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Female; Gene Expression; Hematoxylin; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Membrane Proteins; Staining and Labeling; Umbilical Cord; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 25390355
DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000102 -
Experimental Cell Research Oct 1966
Topics: Animals; Annelida; Cell Membrane; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Female; Vitelline Membrane
PubMed: 6006139
DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(66)90041-3