-
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) Jul 2023Vocal cord dysfunction/inducible laryngeal obstruction (VCD/ILO), is a common condition characterized by breathlessness associated with inappropriate laryngeal... (Review)
Review
Vocal cord dysfunction/inducible laryngeal obstruction (VCD/ILO), is a common condition characterized by breathlessness associated with inappropriate laryngeal narrowing. Important questions remain unresolved, and to improve collaboration and harmonization in the field, we convened an international Roundtable conference on VCD/ILO in Melbourne, Australia. The aims were to delineate a consistent approach to VCD/ILO diagnosis, appraise disease pathogenesis, outline current management and model(s) of care and identify key research questions. This report summarizes discussions, frames key questions and details recommendations. Participants discussed clinical, research and conceptual advances in the context of recent evidence. The condition presents in a heterogenous manner, and diagnosis is often delayed. Definitive diagnosis of VCD/ILO conventionally utilizes laryngoscopy demonstrating inspiratory vocal fold narrowing >50%. Computed tomography of the larynx is a new technology with potential for swift diagnosis that requires validation in clinical pathways. Disease pathogenesis and multimorbidity interactions are complex reflecting a multi-factorial, complex condition, with no single overarching disease mechanism. Currently there is no evidence-based standard of care since randomized trials for treatment are non-existent. Recent multidisciplinary models of care need to be clearly articulated and prospectively investigated. Patient impact and healthcare utilization can be formidable but have largely escaped inquiry and patient perspectives have not been explored. Roundtable participants expressed optimism as collective understanding of this complex condition evolves. The Melbourne VCD/ILO Roundtable 2022 identified clear priorities and future directions for this impactful condition.
Topics: Humans; Vocal Cord Dysfunction; Laryngeal Diseases; Airway Obstruction; Vocal Cords; Laryngoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 37221142
DOI: 10.1111/resp.14518 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Sep 1996
Review
Topics: Humans; Vocal Cord Paralysis; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 8828523
DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(96)70079-9 -
Head & Neck Dec 2023Accurate vocal cord leukoplakia classification is critical for the individualized treatment and early detection of laryngeal cancer. Numerous deep learning techniques...
BACKGROUND
Accurate vocal cord leukoplakia classification is critical for the individualized treatment and early detection of laryngeal cancer. Numerous deep learning techniques have been proposed, but it is unclear how to select one to apply in the laryngeal tasks. This article introduces and reliably evaluates existing deep learning models for vocal cord leukoplakia classification.
METHODS
We created white light and narrow band imaging (NBI) image datasets of vocal cord leukoplakia which were classified into six classes: normal tissues (NT), inflammatory keratosis (IK), mild dysplasia (MiD), moderate dysplasia (MoD), severe dysplasia (SD), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Vocal cord leukoplakia classification was performed using six classical deep learning models, AlexNet, VGG, Google Inception, ResNet, DenseNet, and Vision Transformer.
RESULTS
GoogLeNet (i.e., Google Inception V1), DenseNet-121, and ResNet-152 perform excellent classification. The highest overall accuracy of white light image classification is 0.9583, while the highest overall accuracy of NBI image classification is 0.9478. These three neural networks all provide very high sensitivity, specificity, and precision values.
CONCLUSION
GoogLeNet, ResNet, and DenseNet can provide accurate pathological classification of vocal cord leukoplakia. It facilitates early diagnosis, providing judgment on conservative treatment or surgical treatment of different degrees, and reducing the burden on endoscopists.
Topics: Humans; Vocal Cords; Narrow Band Imaging; Deep Learning; Endoscopy; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Leukoplakia; Hyperplasia
PubMed: 37837264
DOI: 10.1002/hed.27543 -
Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied... Feb 1988Vocal cord nodules have a variety of synonyms in the literature, including laryngeal nodules, laryngeal nodes, corditis nodosa, singers' nodes, teachers' nodules,... (Review)
Review
Vocal cord nodules have a variety of synonyms in the literature, including laryngeal nodules, laryngeal nodes, corditis nodosa, singers' nodes, teachers' nodules, screamers' nodes, parsons' nodes, and nodular laryngitis. All of these refer essentially to the same condition. In 1954 referring to vocal cord nodules, Brodnitz and Froeschels wrote that, 'Ever since Tuerck first described the condition in 1868, discussion of the aetiology, the histological nature, and the therapy still has not ceased'. This statement still applies today.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Male; Speech Therapy; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 3286069
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1988.tb00280.x -
Clinical Radiology Nov 2012Imaging is frequently carried out for the investigation of vocal cord palsy, and cord palsy needs to be considered as a sign of a more sinister underlying disease. The... (Review)
Review
Imaging is frequently carried out for the investigation of vocal cord palsy, and cord palsy needs to be considered as a sign of a more sinister underlying disease. The reporting radiologist needs to be aware of the relevant anatomy of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves so that the responsible disease process can be identified. It is also important to recognize situations where a lesion at the level of the brainstem or skull base may be responsible, as a different imaging strategy often needs to be adopted in these cases. This review will also consider the laryngeal signs of cord palsy, as although cord palsy is often diagnosed clinically, up to 30% of cases may be asymptomatic and clinically unsuspected.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography; Vocal Cord Paralysis; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 22608245
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.03.008 -
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Vocal Cords; Laryngeal Diseases; Polyps
PubMed: 38095882
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.3698 -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2020Myxomas are rare in the vocal cords. A 69-year-old man was admitted with one-year history of progressive dysphonia. Laryngoscopy revealed a polypoid mass on the right... (Review)
Review
Myxomas are rare in the vocal cords. A 69-year-old man was admitted with one-year history of progressive dysphonia. Laryngoscopy revealed a polypoid mass on the right vocal cord. The diagnosis was cellular myxoma. A review of the literature including the present case revealed eleven reported cases of myxoma. Ten cases were classic myxoma. To the best of our knowledge, cellular myxoma has not been previously reported in the vocal cord. Hypercellularity does not affect the behavior of cellular myxoma. However, its recognition is important to prevent confusion with the group of low-grade myxoid sarcomas. Cellular myxoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any vocal cord mass.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Male; Myxoma; Treatment Outcome; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 29235612
DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2017.01417 -
Pediatric Annals May 2016Paradoxical vocal cord motion (PVCM), also termed vocal cord dysfunction, is a poorly understood disorder of episodic dyspnea characterized by inappropriate vocal cord... (Review)
Review
Paradoxical vocal cord motion (PVCM), also termed vocal cord dysfunction, is a poorly understood disorder of episodic dyspnea characterized by inappropriate vocal cord adduction during inspiration and potentially during expiration. It can coexist or be confused with asthma, so appropriate diagnosis is key to optimizing treatment success. Although many patients with PVCM may have underlying psychologic issues, there is emerging evidence to suggest that this entity is not psychogenic in every patient. Both laryngeal irritants and exercise have been identified as additional contributing factors in PVCM. Diagnosis of PVCM requires awake laryngoscopic confirmation. However, many patients do not exhibit signs of PVCM during this examination, despite provocation during testing. Therefore, clinical history remains key in determining which patients should proceed with behavioral therapy under the guidance of a speech pathologist. In addition, treatment may include limiting patient exposure to potential sources of laryngeal irritation. Refractory patients may benefit from psychologic assessment and treatment. [Pediatr Ann. 2016;45(5):e184-e188.].
Topics: Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Laryngoscopy; Male; Pediatrics; Vocal Cord Dysfunction; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 27171808
DOI: 10.3928/00904481-20160331-01 -
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic... Oct 2004Vocal cord palsy after adult cardiac surgery is often attributed to non-surgical mechanisms as tracheal intubation and central venous catheterisation. It may also be... (Review)
Review
Vocal cord palsy after adult cardiac surgery is often attributed to non-surgical mechanisms as tracheal intubation and central venous catheterisation. It may also be caused by injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerves by surgical dissection. We hereby present a review of relevant clinical reports. The cumulative incidence was 1.1% (33 in 2980). Main reported surgical mechanisms of injury were harvesting of internal thoracic artery and topical cold cardioprotection. Bilateral nerve palsy has been lethal on at least one occasion. Where vocal cord injury followed harvesting of the left internal thoracic artery, it was reported ipsilateral to the conduit.
Topics: Adult; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Humans; Risk Factors; Vocal Cord Paralysis; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 15450571
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2004.06.003 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Oct 2022
Topics: Glottis; Humans; Injections; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 35584993
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.04.112