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Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Mar 1990The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to introduce a new phenomenon--abductor vocal cord spasm, or abductor laryngospasm. Second, to reconcile a longstanding...
The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to introduce a new phenomenon--abductor vocal cord spasm, or abductor laryngospasm. Second, to reconcile a longstanding discrepancy involving the effect of lung inflation on vocal cord position. Abductor laryngospasm was induced in six anesthetized, tracheotomized dogs by the administration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) after occlusion of the trachea for 60 seconds. Abductor laryngospasm was characterized by sustained vocal cord abduction with concomitant massive, continuous posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) electromyography (EMG) activity and little or no laryngeal adductor muscle EMG activity. Vocal cord opening was sustained for up to 90 seconds. In the same dogs, administration of CPAP, after hyperventilation of the animal, resulted in adductor laryngospasm. Adductor laryngospasm was characterized by steady apposition of the vocal cords, massive laryngeal adductor muscle EMG activity, and silent PCA EMG activity. Abductor laryngospasm appears to be the physiologic converse of adductor laryngospasm. The results of this study show that lung inflation can produce either vocal cord abduction or adduction, depending on whether the dog is hypoventilated or hyperventilated before administration of CPAP.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Laryngismus; Lung; Male; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Spasm; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 2108410
DOI: 10.1177/019459989010200305 -
European Archives of... Feb 2017The objective of the study is to investigate the expression of human β-defensin-1 (hBD-1) and human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in vocal cord polyps using tissue microarray....
The objective of the study is to investigate the expression of human β-defensin-1 (hBD-1) and human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in vocal cord polyps using tissue microarray. Tissue specimens from vocal cord polyps (N = 51), vocal cord nodules (N = 26), and healthy vocal cords (N = 8) were retrieved from the biobank of the Department of Pathology of Tianjin Tianhe Hospital between 2003 and 2006 and immunostained on tissue microarrays for the quantitative analysis of hBD-1 and hBD-2 expression. hBD-1 expression did not differ significantly between healthy vocal cords, vocal cord nodules, and vocal cord polyps (p = 0.904). In contrast, hBD-2 expression was significantly higher in vocal cord polyps compared to vocal cord nodules and healthy vocal cords (p < 0.001). The expression of hBD-2, but not hBD-1, is elevated in vocal cord polyp epithelium. This suggests that hBD-1 has a more constitutive role in host defense in the vocal cords, whereas hBD-2 expression may be a result of local inflammation or the presence of invading pathogens.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Polyps; Tissue Array Analysis; Vocal Cords; beta-Defensins
PubMed: 27586391
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4270-4 -
The Laryngoscope Nov 1985The stratified squamous epithelium covering vocal cord polyps can vary from normal to hyperplastic and keratinized. We have analyzed the histology and cytokeratins of 11... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The stratified squamous epithelium covering vocal cord polyps can vary from normal to hyperplastic and keratinized. We have analyzed the histology and cytokeratins of 11 of these polyps. Cytokeratins were separated on one-dimensional SDS-acrylamide gels to determine molecular weights. There was significant heterogeneity in the cytokeratins present in the different polyps. Comparison of histologic findings and cytokeratin content showed a correlation between extent of keratinization and presence of high molecular weight cytokeratins. We conclude that the epithelium of vocal cord polyps exhibit patterns of cytokeratins characteristic of both hyperproliferation and abnormal states of differentiation, which are mirrored by histologic variations, and that vocal cord polyps are a heterogeneous group of benign lesions.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Humans; Keratins; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Polyps; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 2414624
DOI: 10.1288/00005537-198511000-00006 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular... Aug 2022
Topics: Humans; Lung; Thorax; Vocal Cord Paralysis; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 34895833
DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.10.034 -
Lasers in Medical Science Jan 2017The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment outcome and analyze the associated factors of postoperative recurrence in patients who received transoral laser...
The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment outcome and analyze the associated factors of postoperative recurrence in patients who received transoral laser microsurgery for vocal cord leukoplakia. The demographic, histopathological data were retrospectively reviewed and the factors associated with recurrence of vocal leukoplakia after surgery were analyzed statistically. A total of 44 patients, including 36 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 50.4 ± 13.4 years, were enrolled. All the patients received excision of the vocal leukoplakia by carbon dioxide laser (2-4 Watt, ultrapulse mode) under general anesthesia. No patients had malignant transformation after surgery. Postoperative recurrence occurred in 10 patients (22.7 %). Univariate analysis showed that patients who had the habit of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease tended to recur. Among these risk factors, presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (odds ratio 8.43) was the independent prognostic factor for recurrence using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Carbon dioxide laser excision is effective for treating vocal leukoplakia that is still confined to dysplasia of any degree, with acceptable morbidity. This study suggests that the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease is the prognostic indicator for postoperative recurrence of vocal leukoplakia. Aggressive treatment of reflux disease for those who have received surgical excision for vocal leukoplakia is indicated.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Laser Therapy; Leukoplakia; Logistic Models; Male; Microsurgery; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 27686889
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2078-5 -
Medicine Dec 2021Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) is one of the most common operations performed for glottic lesions. Several protection measures are taken to prevent tracheal damage....
INTRODUCTION
Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) is one of the most common operations performed for glottic lesions. Several protection measures are taken to prevent tracheal damage. However, some protection measures and common postoperative complications may still cause delayed tracheal rupture in certain situations. Cases of tracheal rupture after surgery are extremely rare, and there are no previous reports of TLM of the glottis causing tracheal rupture.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A middle-aged woman who underwent TLM for bilateral vocal cord polyps developed sudden neck pain, followed by cough and subcutaneous emphysema.
DIAGNOSIS
She underwent head, neck, and chest computed tomography (CT), which revealed a 4-cm membranous tracheal tear located 4.5 cm distal to the glottis, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema extending from the base of skull to the chest.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient underwent an emergency surgical surgical chest exploration and tracheal repair.
OUTCOMES
One month after the surgery, the patient fully recovered with no tracheal stenosis or respiratory dysfunction.
CONCLUSIONS
Conventional protective measures and common postoperative complications of TLM may also cause tracheal rupture.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Microsurgery; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Rupture; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Trachea; Tracheal Diseases; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 34918665
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028106 -
La Revue Du Praticien Sep 2011Vocal cord dysfunction is characterized by paradoxical vocal cord adduction, especially during inspiration. Clinical symptoms can mistakenly lead to a diagnosis of...
Vocal cord dysfunction is characterized by paradoxical vocal cord adduction, especially during inspiration. Clinical symptoms can mistakenly lead to a diagnosis of asthma. Some patients, thought to be asthmatic, are sometimes considered as having severe asthma. Positive diagnosis rests on the finding of paradoxical vocal cord adduction on laryngoscopic examination. The main limitation of this examination is associated with the intermittent nature of the symptoms. The diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction can thus be mistakenly ruled out based on the absence of abnormalities on laryngoscopic examination. Therapeutic management focuses on phoniatric rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngoscopy; Respiratory Function Tests; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 22039720
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Oto-rhino-laryngologica Belgica 1987The purpose of this paper is to recall the neuroanatomical bases of the motrice laryngeal innervation and the consequences of a lesion at that level. On the other hand,... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this paper is to recall the neuroanatomical bases of the motrice laryngeal innervation and the consequences of a lesion at that level. On the other hand, the type of management and effective therapy our service uses in those cases of unilateral of bilateral vocal cord paralysis. The management is principally based on the E.M.G., the objective phonatory measurements including the spectral voice analysis. The unilateral paralysis is usually treated by the speech pathologist reeducation and, if necessary, GAX collagen injection in the vocal cord. The bilateral paralysis, generally in adduction, is cured in the most cases with a CO2 laser arytenoidectomy.
Topics: Electromyography; Humans; Laryngeal Nerves; Motor Neurons; Phonation; Vocal Cord Paralysis; Vocal Cords; Voice Quality
PubMed: 3321883
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... May 2023Adult laryngeal hemangiomas are rare and uncommon. Hemangioma isolated to the free-edge of vocal cord is very rare. We report five cases diagnosed at our voice clinic... (Review)
Review
Adult laryngeal hemangiomas are rare and uncommon. Hemangioma isolated to the free-edge of vocal cord is very rare. We report five cases diagnosed at our voice clinic during 18 months-period from July 2016 to December 2017. All the five patients presented with hoarseness and the laryngoscopy examination detected a pink mass at the vocal edge with the histopathology indicating hemangioma. Direct laryngoscopy with laryngeal carbon dioxide (CO2) laser microscopic surgery was performed uneventfully and no recurrence was found. We suggest that Microscopic Laser Laryngoscopy (CO2) is the treatment option of vocal fold hemangioma with no intraoperative massive bleeding.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Vocal Cords; Carbon Dioxide; Larynx; Hemangioma; Laryngoscopy
PubMed: 33750625
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.01.022 -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Jul 1997Vocal cord dysfunction is an uncommon condition characterised by adduction of vocal cords that can masquerade as or coexists with bronchial asthma. The glottic... (Review)
Review
Vocal cord dysfunction is an uncommon condition characterised by adduction of vocal cords that can masquerade as or coexists with bronchial asthma. The glottic dysfunction is due to a functional (non-organic) cause. If unrecognised, incorrect diagnosis may result in patients being unnecessarily treated as refractory or severe asthma with high doses of corticosteroid. This may result in unwarranted steroid toxicity. Clues that should raise clinical suspicion to the diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction include lack of response to bronchodilators, poor reproducibility of spirometric indices due to inconsistent effort and truncation of the inspiratory limb of the flow-volume loop. Definitive diagnosis is made by direct visualisation of the vocal cords during an attack. We report two patients with vocal cord dysfunction and review the literature on this disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Asthma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Middle Aged; Respiratory Function Tests; Speech Therapy; Steroids; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 9395817
DOI: No ID Found