-
The Australasian Journal of Dermatology Feb 1996A prospective study of 141 consecutive adult patients with chronic vulvar symptoms referred to a dermatologist was carried out to determine the commonest conditions... (Review)
Review
A prospective study of 141 consecutive adult patients with chronic vulvar symptoms referred to a dermatologist was carried out to determine the commonest conditions seen. Eighty-nine per cent of patients underwent vulvar biopsy. The commonest cause of chronic vulvar symptoms in this group of patients was dermatitis, seen in 54% of patients. The other commonly seen conditions were lichen sclerosus (13%), chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis (10%), dysaesthetic vulvodynia (9%) and psoriasis (5%). Although 38% of patients had previously been diagnosed as suffering from human papillomavirus (HPV) vulvitis, histopathological evidence of HPV was seen in only 5%. All cases showing HPV also demonstrated spongiotic dermatitis on biopsy. In this study group, a majority (overall 72%) of patients with a chronic vulvar complaint had a corticosteroid responsive dermatosis rather than a gynaecological condition. The patients with HPV on biopsy also responded to topical corticosteroids, and it was concluded that their symptoms may have been due to dermatitis unrelated to the presence of HPV. In such patients, the assumption that 'subclinical HPV' is a cause of symptoms and the practice of focusing medical and particularly surgical treatment on eradication of the virus may be inappropriate. A review of the commonest vulvar conditions seen by the author is presented.
Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Dermatitis; Dermatology; Female; Humans; Incidence; Prospective Studies; Pruritus Vulvae; Vulva; Vulvar Diseases; Vulvitis
PubMed: 8936065
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1996.tb00988.x -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022Hair Tourniquet Syndrome (HTS) is defined as strangulation by a hair thread of the appendage of the human body, especially in the children population, it rarely occurs...
Hair Tourniquet Syndrome (HTS) is defined as strangulation by a hair thread of the appendage of the human body, especially in the children population, it rarely occurs in external genitalia (clitoris, labia majora and minora). Herein, we aimed to present a rare occurrence of HTS around the labia minora in a 12-year-old child treated by excision of the cystic lesion with an uneventful follow-up. Special care should be given to every swollen appendage in children to avoid severe consequences such as amputation and disfigurement.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Tourniquets; Vulva; Syndrome; Hair
PubMed: 36523276
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.68.22579 -
International Urogynecology Journal Feb 2016Australian Medicare data show that the rates of cosmetic labiaplasty have tripled over the last decade; however, there is little understanding about the social factors...
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
Australian Medicare data show that the rates of cosmetic labiaplasty have tripled over the last decade; however, there is little understanding about the social factors that contribute to the popularity of female genital cosmetic surgeries (FGCS). The aim of this study was to investigate male perception of female genitalia and to assess men's awareness of FGCS and whether these surgeries are viewed as a positive and acceptable option.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of male adults in the Townsville region was conducted via an online questionnaire.
RESULTS
A total of 500 online surveys were sent out and 248 respondents were included in the study; 49.2 % of participants do not have a preferred appearance of labia minora and 70.4 % of men are aware of FGCS, but 53.8 % do not believe that FGCS is a good option for women. Only 14 % of men supported genital cosmetic surgery, while 29.6 % are undecided about the practice. The most common preferred pubic hair appearance is completely hairless (45 %).
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that the majority of men do not have a preferred appearance for female genitalia, nor do they support FGCS or consider discussing genital surgery with their partner. The major limitation of the study is that the participants' age distribution was skewed heavily towards the younger demographic, with 18- to 24-year-old men comprising 81.5 % of respondents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attitude; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hair Removal; Humans; Male; Men; Middle Aged; Perception; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vulva; Young Adult
PubMed: 26353848
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-015-2836-0 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Sep 2014
Topics: Female; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Vulva
PubMed: 25168066
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.020 -
Ceska Gynekologie 2023Synechiae of the vulva occurs especially in girls in the so-called resting hormonal period with a minimal serum concentration of estrogens. If the external genitalia of...
Synechiae of the vulva occurs especially in girls in the so-called resting hormonal period with a minimal serum concentration of estrogens. If the external genitalia of the girl are not treated properly, the mucous membrane of the vaginal entrance is not regularly checked and mechanically removed, then the smegma of the opposite mucous membranes of the vulva can stick together. The place of the adhesion of epithelium in the vaginal introitus can be covered by a new epithelium and can create a firm adhesion, synechiae of the vulva, which is usually asymptomatic and is discovered incidentally during pediatric examination. Clinically significant vulvar synechiae can cause impaired bladder evacuation and recurrent lower urinary tract infections. Dissection of synechiae in the stage of conglutination or thin adhesion is performed manually on an outpatient basis, but extensive and firm adhesions must be divided surgically under general anesthesia. Local application of cream with estriol or betamethasone is also used for the therapy of synechiae of the vulva, but this treatment is more time-consuming compared to rapid manual separation and requires good compliance of the girls and their parents. The prevention of synechiae is based on the education of parents by pediatricians and gynecologists about the need for regular checks of the external genitalia and sufficient hygiene.
Topics: Female; Child; Humans; Vulvar Diseases; Vulva; Estrogens; Vagina; Tissue Adhesions
PubMed: 37932057
DOI: 10.48095/cccg2023384 -
The British Journal of General Practice... Jan 2011
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; General Practice; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Referral and Consultation; Vulva; Young Adult
PubMed: 21401983
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp11X548893 -
The Australian & New Zealand Journal of... May 1971
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Radiography; Varicose Veins; Vulva
PubMed: 5284373
DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1971.tb00465.x -
The British Journal of Dermatology Feb 2008Although the expression of the oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha isoform and androgen receptor (AR) has been examined in vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS), the distribution...
BACKGROUND
Although the expression of the oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha isoform and androgen receptor (AR) has been examined in vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS), the distribution pattern of ERalpha, ERbeta and AR has not been described in chronic atrophic vaginitis nor correlated with markers of proliferation (Ki-67) in either of these diseased tissues.
OBJECTIVES
To measure the levels and distribution of ERalpha, ERbeta and AR immunoreactivity in relation to Ki-67 in normal and diseased vulva and vagina.
METHODS
The expression of ERalpha, ERbeta and AR in relation to the proliferation marker Ki-67 in VLS, squamous hyperplasia of the vulva and chronic atrophic vaginitis was determined by immunohistomorphometric analysis and compared with that in normal vulva and vagina.
RESULTS
VLS showed similar ERalpha and ERbeta expression in the 'epidermal' and 'dermal' tissue layers to that of normal vulvae, whereas AR expression appeared to be absent in most cases. ERbeta and Ki-67 expression was correlated with ERalpha expression but only in the 'fibrovascular' layer of the vulva. ERalpha expression was absent from the 'fibromuscular' layer of diseased vulvae, while ERbeta expression was absent in normal tissues but was highly expressed in diseased vulvae. ERalpha expression was significantly correlated with AR expression in the fibrovascular layer of the vagina and inversely correlated with Ki-67 staining in the parabasal cells of the epidermis in patients with chronic atrophic vaginitis.
CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that ER expression and levels may be implicated in the aetiopathology of VLS and chronic atrophic vaginitis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Estrogen Receptor beta; Female; Humans; Ki-67 Antigen; Middle Aged; Receptors, Androgen; Receptors, Estrogen; Vagina; Vaginitis; Vulva; Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
PubMed: 18076706
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08371.x -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal Oct 2023Standardized photographic recording and anatomic evaluation are crucial to refined and comprehensive preoperative design and enhanced aesthetic effect of female genital...
BACKGROUND
Standardized photographic recording and anatomic evaluation are crucial to refined and comprehensive preoperative design and enhanced aesthetic effect of female genital cosmetic surgery.
OBJECTIVES
The authors aim to propose a standard photographic scheme and physical examination form for the anatomical assessment of patients undergoing female genital surgery.
METHODS
The scheme containing 2 positions (standing and lithotomy positions) and 11 views (1 frontal and 2 oblique views from standing position; 6 frontal views with labia minora open and closed, pulled to the opposite side, clitoral hood pushed up, posterior fourchette stretched; 2 oblique views from lithotomy position) (2P11V) is applied to record pre- and postoperative appearance of the vulva. The evaluation form is utilized to record characteristics of different anatomical subunits during photography.
RESULTS
Two hundred forty-five patients who underwent female genital surgery were enrolled in the research from October 2018 to October 2022. All the patients received preoperative and postoperative 2P11V photography with about 5-minutes' shooting time. Various anatomical variations containing hypertrophy and prolapse of mons pubis, redundant types of labia minora and clitoral hood, incremental exposure of clitoral glans, hypo- to hypertrophy of labia majora, disappearance of interlabial groove, hypertrophy of posterior fourchette, and relation of subunits were accurately documented.
CONCLUSIONS
2P11V photographic scheme displays the isolated features of each organ and proportion relation among different parts of vulva. The standard photographic record and physical examination form offer detailed anatomical structure to surgeons and facilitate surgeons to carry out an accurate surgical design, which deserve to be promoted and applied.
Topics: Humans; Female; Genitalia, Female; Vulva; Clitoris; Hypertrophy; Photography
PubMed: 37140012
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad127 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Jun 2016
Topics: Female; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Vulva
PubMed: 26890514
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002202