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Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Nov 2009A case involving hypertrophy of the labia majora is described. A married 34-year-old mother of a 5-year-old daughter reported that from adolescence, her large labia...
A case involving hypertrophy of the labia majora is described. A married 34-year-old mother of a 5-year-old daughter reported that from adolescence, her large labia majora and its protuberance have resembled male genitalia even when she is wearing a slip. For that reason, in the summer, she is ashamed of her appearance and thus has avoided swimming pools and beach areas.With the patient in supine position, the crural creases were marked. The marks were drawn 1 cm apart medially in to the medial part of the labia majora parallel to the natural vulvar crease. The estimated amount of skin and fat to be removed was marked. In this case, more skin and fat needed to be removed from the left side than from the right side. The surgery was performed using sedation and local anesthesia as with outpatient surgery. To avoid excessive bleeding of this area, profuse infiltration was performed using 200 ml of anesthetic solution. Resection of the skin and fat in the area was performed with two hooks holding the area up to avoid introducing the scalpel too deeply.Only the superficial fat was removed. After meticulous hemostasia, two layers of 3/0 absorbable running sutures were placed, one in the deep fat and another in the subdermis,until the wound edges were approached. A 5/0 mononylon running suture closed the skin. These sutures provided strong support to all this very mobile area,avoiding dead spaces and bleeding because postoperative compressive bandages are difficult to hold in this region.The patient was instructed to wash the area four times a day. The surgery was ambulatory, with the patient returning to her province the day after surgery, then coming back for a control visit on postoperative day 10. On postoperative day 1, a moderate edema was observed but no hematoma. The stitches were removed on day 10 after surgery. The postoperative evolution of the case was uneventful. The sensitivity of the labia majora's interior aspect was preserved. With legs open, the labia majora closed the entrance to the vagina without showing the labia minora. A moderate edema was observed 4 weeks after surgery, and 6 months after surgery, the patient's external genitalia had reached a normal appearance. At 4 months after surgery, the scars were barely noticeable.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Treatment Outcome; Vulva
PubMed: 19205794
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-008-9260-5 -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal Aug 2022
Commentary on: Fused Lateral Clitoral Hood and Labia Minora: New Classification Based on Anatomic Variation of the Clitoral Hood-Labia Minora Complex and Simple Surgical Management.
Topics: Anatomic Variation; Clitoris; Female; Humans; Vulva; Vulvar Diseases
PubMed: 35552592
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac115 -
Maturitas Dec 2015Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is a common condition that left untreated can progress and negatively affect quality of life and sexual function. Laser therapy has a... (Review)
Review
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is a common condition that left untreated can progress and negatively affect quality of life and sexual function. Laser therapy has a therapeutic role for several gynecologic conditions and most recently has gained interest as a non-hormonal treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). The laser is well tolerated and may increase thickness of the squamous epithelium and improve vascularity of the vagina. These morphological changes presumably alleviate symptoms of dryness, dyspareunia, and irritation. However, the duration of therapeutic effects and safety of repeated applications at this point is not clear. Further research is needed in the form of controlled studies of the laser and other non-hormonal GSM therapies. The objective of this paper is to review the existing literature describing laser therapy for GSM.
Topics: Ablation Techniques; Atrophy; Dyspareunia; Female; Humans; Lasers, Gas; Menopause; Quality of Life; Regeneration; Syndrome; Urinary Tract Infections; Vagina; Vulva
PubMed: 26323234
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.08.001 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Feb 2010
Topics: Female; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; Hematoma; Humans; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Tissue Adhesives; Vulva
PubMed: 20093857
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181cc58eb -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Dec 2017
Topics: Female; Humans; Surgery, Plastic; Vulva
PubMed: 28820808
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003872 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2017
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Treatment Outcome; Vulva; Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
PubMed: 28891532
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_114_17 -
Western Journal of Surgery, Obstetrics,... 1959
Topics: Female; Humans; Perineum; Vulva
PubMed: 13648293
DOI: No ID Found -
Lakartidningen
Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Condylomata Acuminata; Eczema; Female; Humans; Pruritus Vulvae; Vulva; Vulvar Diseases; Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
PubMed: 20387759
DOI: No ID Found -
Developmental Biology Jan 2008Vulval epithelial tubes invaginate through concerted cell migration, ring formation, stacking of rings and intra-ring cell fusion in the nematodes Caenorhabditis...
Vulval epithelial tubes invaginate through concerted cell migration, ring formation, stacking of rings and intra-ring cell fusion in the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Oscheius tipulae and Pristionchus pacificus. The number of rings forming the invaginations is invariantly seven, six, and eight, respectively. We hypothesize that each ring is formed from pairs of symmetrically positioned primordial vulval cells following three premises: If the final cell division is left-right, the daughters will fuse, migrate and form only one ring. If these cells do not divide, one ring will form. If the final division is anterior-posterior, two rings will form. We test the ring hypothesis and found coincidence between the patterns of vulva cell divisions and the number of rings for 12 species. We find heterochronic variations in the timing of division, migration and fusion of the vulval cells between species. We report a unique ring-independent pathway of vulva formation in Panagrellus redivivus. C. elegans lin-11(n389) mutation results in cell fate transformations including changes in the orientation of vulval cell division. lin-11 animals have an additional ring, as predicted by the ring hypothesis. We propose that the genetic pathway determining how vulval cells invaginate evolves through ring-dependent and ring-independent mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Cell Division; Female; Nematoda; Vulva
PubMed: 18031720
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.10.010 -
International Journal of Impotence... May 2023Cosmetic labiaplasty is a form of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery (FGCS) that is performed with the deliberate intent to alter the appearance and morphology of the... (Review)
Review
Cosmetic labiaplasty is a form of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery (FGCS) that is performed with the deliberate intent to alter the appearance and morphology of the external genitalia in the absence of medical concerns. Over the last decade, there is an increasing demand for FGCS and the industry behind it is constantly growing. Adolescents comprise an extremely vulnerable population, with labiaplasties in this particular age group having also increased. However, labiaplasty has been widely contested due to the irrevocable alteration of a psychosexually significant body part on minors too young to consent. Besides, the changes that occur during pubertal development in the genital area can significantly alter pediatric surgical results. Genital anatomy is more diverse than we previously thought and there is evidence to suggest that the labia minora with their rich innervation play an important role in sexual arousal and pleasure. Education regarding the wide range of normal genital appearance suffices in most cases to dissolve concerns regarding body self-image. Mental health issues should always be explored and, if identified, the girl should be referred to an experienced professional for their resolution. Postponing labiaplasty until adulthood is strongly recommended to help adolescents achieve a well-informed decision regarding an irreversible procedure with possible adverse esthetic and functional outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Female; Adult; Minors; Vulva; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Body Image; Self Concept
PubMed: 34663925
DOI: 10.1038/s41443-021-00480-1