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BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Aug 1994
Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans
PubMed: 7993497
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.309.6952.475 -
Minerva Ginecologica Apr 2005The vulvovaginal candidiasis represents, after the bacterial vaginosis, the most frequent cause of vaginal affection. It is esteemed that around the 75% of the women of... (Review)
Review
The vulvovaginal candidiasis represents, after the bacterial vaginosis, the most frequent cause of vaginal affection. It is esteemed that around the 75% of the women of reproductive age suffered from an episode of vulvovaginitis from candida and 40-45% have had more episodes, of which 10-20% in complicated form. The kind of candida more frequently isolated in the vagina of symptomatic women is the Candida albicans: in the 10-20% of the cases the agent is present in absence of symptomatology, and we can almost consider it a saprophytic. On the other hand, always with greater frequency fetterses can be isolated of not albicans Candida, particularly the tropicalis and the glabrata kind, usually resistant to the common therapies. The classification of the vulvovaginal candidiasis proposed by Sobel, and by now universally approved, foresees 2 clinical forms of vulvovaginal candidiasis, the vulvovaginitis from not complicated candida (VVC) and the vulvovaginitis from complicated candida (VVCC): different for pathogenesis, elapsed clinical, symptomatology and frequency. They have to be considered in the substance 2 different nosological entities, and they request a diagnostic approach and a well different therapeutic appointment. In this study we will shortly reassume the principal characteristics of it, detaining us on the most recent acquisitions in theme of therapy. The base medicines of ac. boric, to parity of effectiveness, seem to introduce the most contained cost and the best compliance, and they offer him to a complementary use or, in some cases, alternative to the more you consolidate therapies with azoli.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Boric Acids; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans
PubMed: 15940073
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbial Pathogenesis May 2021Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a global issue of concern due to its association with economic costs, sexually transmitted infections, and ascending genital tract diseases.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Vulvovaginal candidiasis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, demographic characteristics, risk factors, etiologic agents and laboratory diagnosis.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a global issue of concern due to its association with economic costs, sexually transmitted infections, and ascending genital tract diseases. This infection affects 75% of women on at least one occasion over a lifetime. The present systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Iranian women. We searched national (SID, IranDoc, Iranmedex, and Magiran) and international (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and web of science) databases for studies published between May 2000 until May 2020 reporting the epidemiologic features of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Iranian women. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to select eligible studies. Data were extracted and presented according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The results of the meta-analysis were visualized as a forest plot representing the prevalence estimates of each study. Heterogeneity was also analyzed using the I, and Chi statistics. The literature search revealed 1929 studies, of which 39 studies met the eligibility criteria, consisting of 10536 women with vulvovaginal symptoms from 24 different cities covering all parts of Iran. The city with the highest number of studies was Tehran (5/39). The overall prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among Iranian women was 47% (95% CI, 0/38-0/55%) and Candida albicans was the most prevalent etiologic agent. The use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) was the predominant risk factor for developing vulvovaginal candidiasis and vaginal cheese-like discharges were the predominant clinical manifestation in Iranian women suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis. The 25-34-year-old age group has the highest prevalence. A high level of I (I = 98.7%, P = 0.000) and Chi (Chi = 2993.57, P < 0.001) was obtained among studies, which provides evidence of notable heterogeneity between studies. The present meta-analysis revealed a high prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Iranian women. Given that this infection is associated with the enhanced susceptibility to sexually transmitted diseases (HIV, chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, hepatitis, syphilis, and trichomoniasis) and also is related to the increased probability of preterm birth, congenital cutaneous candidiasis, preterm labor, and infertility, taking preventive measures such as awareness of patients as well as monitoring and controlling of the syndrome are essential.
Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Iran; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33741400
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104802 -
Australian Family Physician Feb 1989This article draws attention to a common condition that causes women, their partners and, to a lesser extent, their doctors considerable distress. A review of the recent... (Review)
Review
This article draws attention to a common condition that causes women, their partners and, to a lesser extent, their doctors considerable distress. A review of the recent literature gives an idea of the present scientific thinking on the pathogenesis and management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Recurrence
PubMed: 2650675
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of STD & AIDS Jul 1999
Review
Topics: Antibodies, Fungal; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vagina; Virulence
PubMed: 10454177
DOI: 10.1258/0956462991914429 -
American Family Physician Jun 2000Vulvovaginal candidiasis is considered recurrent when at least four specific episodes occur in one year or at least three episodes unrelated to antibiotic therapy occur... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is considered recurrent when at least four specific episodes occur in one year or at least three episodes unrelated to antibiotic therapy occur within one year. Although greater than 50 percent of women more than 25 years of age develop vulvovaginal candidiasis at some time, fewer than 5 percent of these women experience recurrences. Clinical evaluation of recurrent episodes is essential. Patients who self-diagnose may miss other causes or concurrent infections. Known etiologies of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis include treatment-resistant Candida species other than Candida albicans, frequent antibiotic therapy, contraceptive use, compromise of the immune system, sexual activity and hyperglycemia. If microscopic examination of vaginal secretions in a potassium hydroxide preparation is negative but clinical suspicion is high, fungal cultures should be obtained. After the acute episode has been treated, subsequent prophylaxis (maintenance therapy) is important. Because many patients experience recurrences once prophylaxis is discontinued, long-term therapy may be warranted. Patients are more likely to comply when antifungal therapy is administered orally, but oral treatment carries a greater potential for systemic toxicity and drug interactions.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Boric Acids; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Drug Interactions; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Ketoconazole; Patient Education as Topic; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Teaching Materials; Time Factors; Triazoles
PubMed: 10865926
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Molecular Pharmacology 2021Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginal infection caused by candida species, affecting 70% of the women. It may occur due to the imbalance in the vaginal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginal infection caused by candida species, affecting 70% of the women. It may occur due to the imbalance in the vaginal micro- biodata, pregnancy, diabetes, use of antibiotics, frequent sexual activities or AIDS.
AIM
The main aim of this review is to provide overview about different vaginal delivery systems for the administration of antifungal agents like conventional, mucoadhesive and muco-penetrating delivery systems.
METHOD
The conventional delivery systems available have limited efficacy due to the less residence time and adverse effects. In order to overcome these issues, a delivery system with mucoadhesive and muco-penetrating properties is required. Mucoadhesive polymers have excellent binding properties with mucin and thus increasing residence time. On the other hand, muco-penetrating polymers transport the antifungal agents across the mucus layer.
RESULTS
This review summarizes the pathophysiology of VVC along with novel delivery systems for the treatment of infection through mucoadhesive and muco-penetrating approaches. Surface modifications of nano/ microparticles with mucoadhesive or muco-penetrating particles may provide delivery systems with improved therapeutic efficacy.
CONCLUSION
Based on the available data, conventional and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have some limitations, they still require improvement/ development for safe and effective delivery of antifungal agents.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Delivery, Obstetric; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32564767
DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666200621200047 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2022Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common disorder which causes significant morbidity among women worldwide, and treatment options are limited. Ibrexafungerp is a...
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common disorder which causes significant morbidity among women worldwide, and treatment options are limited. Ibrexafungerp is a novel antifungal agent which was approved in 2021 for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. We present a case of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis successfully treated with ibrexafungerp.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Fluconazole; Glycosides; Humans; Triterpenes
PubMed: 36059275
DOI: 10.1177/23247096221123144 -
Infection and Immunity Mar 2018For over 3 decades, investigators have studied the pathogenesis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent VVC (RVVC) through clinical studies and animal models.... (Review)
Review
For over 3 decades, investigators have studied the pathogenesis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent VVC (RVVC) through clinical studies and animal models. While there was considerable consensus that susceptibility was not associated with any apparent deficiencies in adaptive immunity, protective immune mechanisms and the role of innate immunity remained elusive. It was not until an innovative live-challenge design was conducted in women that a fuller understanding of the natural history of infection/disease was achieved. These studies revealed that symptomatic infection is associated with recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the vaginal lumen. Subsequent studies in the established mouse model demonstrated that infiltrating PMNs were incapable of reducing the fungal burden, which supported the hypothesis that VVC/RVVC was an immunopathology, whereby and the host response drive symptomatic disease. Further studies in mice revealed the requirement for hyphae and identified pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and proinflammatory mediators responsible for the PMN response, all of which are critical pieces of the immunopathogenesis. However, a mechanism explaining PMN dysfunction at the vaginal mucosa remained an enigma. Ultimately, by employing mouse strains resistant or susceptible to chronic VVC, it was determined that heparan sulfate (HS) in the vaginal environment of susceptible mice serves as a competitive ligand for Mac-1 on PMNs, which effectively renders the PMNs incapable of binding to to initiate killing. Hence, the outcome of symptomatic VVC/RVVC is postulated to be dependent on a PMN-mediated immunopathogenic response involving HS that effectively places the neutrophils in a state of functional anergy.
Topics: Animals; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Neutrophil Infiltration; Neutrophils; Vagina
PubMed: 29203543
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00684-17 -
Infectious Disease Clinics of North... Dec 2008Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Recent advances have furthered understanding of... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Recent advances have furthered understanding of pathophysiology. Proper diagnosis, based on appropriate office and, in complicated cases, laboratory tests is the key to rational selection of therapy. For women who have routine uncomplicated episodes of VVC or BV, a variety of effective treatment options exists. Recurrent disease remains a challenge for these conditions but can often be managed successfully.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 18954756
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2008.05.002