-
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Sep 2020Vulvovaginitis is a common gynecologic complaint in prepubertal girls. It typically presents with complaints of vulvovaginal itching, burning, irritation, discharge, or... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginitis is a common gynecologic complaint in prepubertal girls. It typically presents with complaints of vulvovaginal itching, burning, irritation, discharge, or skin changes. Prepubertal females have anatomic, physiological, and behavioral factors that most often contribute to the development of symptoms. Careful attention to history and associated complaints will direct evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. Most cases are nonspecific in origin and treatment includes counseling to patients and parents on hygiene and voiding techniques. Antibiotic treatment for specific pathogens may be indicated. Other less common causes include foreign bodies and lichen sclerosus.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Female; Feminine Hygiene Products; Gynecological Examination; Humans; Hygiene; Patient Education as Topic; Risk Factors; Sexual Development; Urination; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 32282354
DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000536 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jan 2017Vulvovaginitis is a commonly encountered comorbid condition of diabetes, and is linked to poor glycaemic control. Proper, timely diagnosis and management is necessary to... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginitis is a commonly encountered comorbid condition of diabetes, and is linked to poor glycaemic control. Proper, timely diagnosis and management is necessary to ensure optimal perineal/genital and metabolic health. Knowledge of current guidelines and recommendations helps in achieving this goal. This review describes the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, management and prevention of VV in diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 28065975
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Problems in Pediatric and... Jul 2020Vulvovaginitis, referring to inflammation of the vulva and vagina, is a commonly reported concern among adolescents and young women presenting for gynecologic care.... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginitis, referring to inflammation of the vulva and vagina, is a commonly reported concern among adolescents and young women presenting for gynecologic care. Symptoms of vulvovaginitis may include vaginal discharge, odor, itching, pain, dysuria, skin irritation, burning, and dyspareunia. Vulvovaginitis may result from infectious or non-infectious causes. Bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis represent the three most common infectious causes of vulvovaginitis in adolescents and young adults. Additionally, non-infectious causes such as the presence of a foreign body in the vagina, chemical irritants, douching, and poor hygiene may also lead to symptoms of vulvovaginitis. A thorough history in combination with the appropriate physical examination and laboratory evaluation is necessary to identify the cause of a patient's symptoms. Importantly, adolescent patients should be given the opportunity to speak privately with the provider without a parent or guardian present in the room, particularly when gathering the sexual history. Appropriate anticipatory guidance and counseling should be provided once a diagnosis has been made, and prevention of future episodes of vulvovaginitis should be discussed.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Vagina; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 32778468
DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2020.100836 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Sep 2022Despite the vaginal mucosa is able to respond to allergenic stimuli, vaginal allergic responses have been under investigated in clinical practice. Thus, we aimed to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Despite the vaginal mucosa is able to respond to allergenic stimuli, vaginal allergic responses have been under investigated in clinical practice. Thus, we aimed to identify the most frequent etiological agents responsible for vulvovaginal allergies, the prevalent signs/symptoms, and the diagnostic tests applied in this clinical condition.
METHODS
Literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, and EMBASE. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020167238). Studies were divided in two groups depending on allergen exposure route. Due to a significant number of studies correlating allergy to Candida infection, subgroup analysis was included.
RESULTS
In direct exposure cases, Human Seminal Plasma was the most prevalent allergen, sensitizing 73% of affected women. These women presented localized swelling and burning as prevalent symptoms, affecting 42/68 and 36/68 women, respectively. Cutaneous Prick tests were applied in 58/68 women, either alone or combined with IgE measurements. Regarding cases of indirect/unidentified exposure, house dust mites was the most prevalent allergen (54%), followed by pollen (44%). Predominant symptoms were vulvar pruritus and burning, affecting 67/98 and 52/98 women. Skin prick test was the most prevalent diagnostic method used among different studies. Hypersensitivity toward Candida antigen was present in only half (163/323) of women presenting concomitant allergy and Candida infection.
CONCLUSION
From the two types of allergen exposure that can cause vulvovaginal allergic responses, direct contact of the antigen with the vulva and/or vagina was the most prevalent. Still, allergens can also sensitize the vaginal mucosa secondarily to other exposure route, specifically aeroallergens.
Topics: Allergens; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Skin Tests; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 34825938
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06332-z -
Pediatrics in Review Mar 2006
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 16510554
DOI: 10.1542/pir.27-3-116 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Oct 2014Vulvovaginitis (VV) is one of the most commonly encountered problems by a gynecologist. Many women frequently self-treat with over-the-counter medications, and may... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginitis (VV) is one of the most commonly encountered problems by a gynecologist. Many women frequently self-treat with over-the-counter medications, and may present to their health-care provider after a treatment failure. Vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis may occur as discreet or recurrent episodes, and have been associated with significant treatment cost and morbidity. We present an update on diagnostic capabilities and treatment modalities that address recurrent and refractory episodes of VV.
Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Recurrence; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 25220102
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.07.006 -
Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent... Dec 2016Vulvovaginitis is a commonly encountered condition among prepubertal and adolescent females. The objective of this report is to provide the latest evidence regarding the... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginitis is a commonly encountered condition among prepubertal and adolescent females. The objective of this report is to provide the latest evidence regarding the diagnosis and management of vulvovaginitis in prepubertal and adolescent females. In this systematic review we used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation evidence system. Vulvovaginal complaints are common in the pediatric and adolescent age group. The patient's age in conjunction with history and associated complaints will guide evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. Treatment should include counseling on hygiene and voiding techniques as well as therapy for any specific pathogens identified.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Disease Management; Female; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Symptom Assessment; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 27969009
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2016.08.002 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Mar 2017Vulvar and vaginal disorders are among the most common problems seen in ambulatory care. The cause is usually infectious, but noninfectious causes should also be... (Review)
Review
Vulvar and vaginal disorders are among the most common problems seen in ambulatory care. The cause is usually infectious, but noninfectious causes should also be considered, and differentiating them can be challenging. Accurate diagnosis based on patient history, physical examination, and laboratory testing is necessary so that effective therapy can be chosen.
Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Humans; Lichen Planus; Symptom Assessment; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 28322677
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.84a.15163 -
Current Opinion in Obstetrics &... Dec 1991Fungal vulvovaginitis remains one of the most frequent conditions affecting the lower genital tract. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the... (Review)
Review
Fungal vulvovaginitis remains one of the most frequent conditions affecting the lower genital tract. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition have improved our ability to treat recurrent or persistent cases. More clinical data have become available on the optimal duration of treatment with some of the newer antifungal agents.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Causality; Contraception; Diabetes Complications; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 1818723
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Dermatology Mar 1996
Review
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Recurrence; Virulence
PubMed: 8723820
DOI: 10.1016/s1085-5629(96)80014-9