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Pediatric Annals Apr 2020Vaginitis presents with vaginal discharge, odor, pruritis, and/or discomfort and affects up to 75% of girls and women over the course of their lifetimes, with most women... (Review)
Review
Vaginitis presents with vaginal discharge, odor, pruritis, and/or discomfort and affects up to 75% of girls and women over the course of their lifetimes, with most women experiencing their first episode during adolescence. Given the prevalence of this disorder, this article aims to provide an overview of vaginitis for the general pediatrician. We start with prepubertal etiologies of vaginitis, then discuss pubertal and normal physiologic discharge, and then focus on the most common etiologies of adolescent vulvovaginitis. The three most common microbial etiologies of vaginitis (bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomonas) are addressed, as well as their diagnosis and treatment in adolescents. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(4):e170-e175.].
Topics: Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis; Child; Female; Humans; Trichomonas Infections; Vaginal Discharge; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 32275761
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20200317-01 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood.... Apr 2011Paediatric gynaecological problems, especially those involving the vulvar area, are common in childhood. The conditions frequently seen include recurrent bacterial... (Review)
Review
Paediatric gynaecological problems, especially those involving the vulvar area, are common in childhood. The conditions frequently seen include recurrent bacterial vulvovaginitis, vulvar irritation, labial adhesions and dermatological conditions. The presentation and management of these conditions will be reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Child; Enterobiasis; Enterobius; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus; Prevalence; Recurrence; Skin Diseases; Tissue Adhesions; Vagina; Vaginal Diseases; Vulvar Diseases; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 21119021
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2009.181883 -
Endocrine Development 2012Vulvovaginitis, labial adhesions, and other vulvar disorders occur commonly in children and can provoke high anxiety in both the parent and child. Performed correctly,... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginitis, labial adhesions, and other vulvar disorders occur commonly in children and can provoke high anxiety in both the parent and child. Performed correctly, the pediatric gynecologic examination can diagnose and treat, educate and reassure both parent and child. This examination requires patience, sensitivity, direct communication with the child as well as with the parent, and an open manner that inspires trust in both parties to manage a potentially anxiety-provoking situation. This chapter will review common vulvar disorders, including vulvovaginitis, lichen sclerosis et atrophicus, bubble bath vaginitis, labial adhesions, urethral prolapse, and other common problems. A discussion of childhood sexual abuse is beyond the scope of this chapter, with appropriate references available elsewhere. Practical pearls will be offered to make this exam easy for the primary care clinician and/or subspecialist.
Topics: Age of Onset; Child; Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological; Female; Gynecological Examination; Humans; Medical History Taking; Pediatrics; Physicians, Primary Care; Vulvar Diseases; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 22846522
DOI: 10.1159/000326634 -
The Journal of Reproductive Medicine Jun 1984Childhood gynecologic problems are different from adult problems in physiology, disease, psychology, evaluation and management. The most common is vulvovaginitis. The...
Childhood gynecologic problems are different from adult problems in physiology, disease, psychology, evaluation and management. The most common is vulvovaginitis. The child is susceptible to vulvovaginitis because of a relatively exposed vulva, a thin vaginal wall and poor hygiene. Additional problems are heat and moisture, clothing, coverings and possible sexual abuse. Most vulvovaginitis is primary, nonspecific vulvitis with secondary vaginitis. It is set off by poor hygiene and responds to keeping the vulva clean, cool and dry. Persistent or recurrent vulvovaginitis may be due to a variety of causes, including vulvar skin disease, a foreign body in the vagina, primary vaginitis, ectopic ureter and rhabdomyosarcoma. Vaginoscopy is indicated for recurrent vulvovaginitis or bleeding and for suspicion of a foreign body, neoplasm or congenital anomaly. The extent of evaluation depends on the anxiety of the child versus the extent of the problem, and therefore individualization is required.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Female; Foreign Bodies; Gonorrhea; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Oxyuriasis; Sex Offenses; Skin Diseases; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vagina; Vulva; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 6747969
DOI: No ID Found -
Advance For Nurse Practitioners May 2005Vulvovaginitis is a common inflammatory condition that can significantly disrupt a woman's life. The term vulvovaginitis actually encompasses a variety of inflammatory... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginitis is a common inflammatory condition that can significantly disrupt a woman's life. The term vulvovaginitis actually encompasses a variety of inflammatory lower gential tract disorders that may be secondary to infection, irritation, allergy or systemic disease (Table 1). This article focuses on candida-caused vulvovaginitis, a condition known as vulvovaginitis candidiasis. Approximately 75% of U.S. women expreience vulvovaginitis candidiasis during thier reproductive years. Between 40% and 50% of these women have recurrent episodes, and 5% to 8% experience chronic candida infections. Approximately 3 million women have recurrent candidial infections. The prevalence of vulvovaginitis candiasis is expected to rise due to the growing number of non-C albicans species (which are immune to most antifungal medcationa) and as a result of more widespread antifungal resistance.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agents; Boric Acids; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Causality; Complementary Therapies; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Garlic; Humans; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Nonprescription Drugs; Prevalence; Recurrence; Self Care; Tea Tree Oil; Treatment Outcome; Yogurt
PubMed: 15898312
DOI: No ID Found -
Recenti Progressi in Medicina Oct 1997Vulvovaginitis is the most common clinical manifestation of fungal infections causing human mycoses; the incidence occurs in 10% of women, during pregnancy the incidence... (Review)
Review
Vulvovaginitis is the most common clinical manifestation of fungal infections causing human mycoses; the incidence occurs in 10% of women, during pregnancy the incidence achieves 30% of cases. Candida albicans has resulted to be the most commonly isolated agent in patients with fungemia. In fact, Candida appears to be the species recovered in as many as 90% of cases. They are mainly the sexual activity, hormonal contraception and several pathologies such as diabetes mellitus and thyroiditis responsible for the pathogenesis of infection. The first symptom of this infection is usually pruritus associated to leukorrhea, dyspareunia and vulvovaginal irritation. Antifungal therapy may be required in more severe cases of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Candida species can be identified on isolation culture media including agar and on direct examination. Diagnosis can also be made through san immunologic examination. However, the authors confirm that the risk factors together with a correct diagnosis of the Candida etiological agent in the different species (albicans, glabrata, tropicalis, krusei) should be accurately investigated in order to give the correct therapeutical approach.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 9471643
DOI: No ID Found -
Mycoses 1998A review is presented of the emerging problem of resistant and chronic vaginitis due to Candida glabrata. Although accurate numbers are lacking, several investigators... (Review)
Review
A review is presented of the emerging problem of resistant and chronic vaginitis due to Candida glabrata. Although accurate numbers are lacking, several investigators report encountering increased numbers of women with vaginitis due to C. glabrata. Possible reasons for this apparent increase are discussed. Risk factors and clinical manifestations of symptomatic C. glabrata vaginitis differ from those of C. albicans, C. glabrata being less susceptible to fungistatic azole agents is more difficult to eradicate. Successful management of chronic C. glabrata vaginitis constitutes a major challenge with currently available therapeutic agents.
Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Vaginitis
PubMed: 10085680
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1998.tb00594.x -
International Journal of Dermatology Jan 2016
Review
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Biopsy, Needle; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythema Multiforme; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Recurrence; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Simplexvirus; Vulvovaginitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 26266812
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12890 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jul 2009Dialogues in Dermatology, a monthly audio program from the American Academy of Dermatology, contains discussions between dermatologists on timely topics. Commentaries...
Dialogues in Dermatology, a monthly audio program from the American Academy of Dermatology, contains discussions between dermatologists on timely topics. Commentaries from Dialogues Editor-in-Chief Warren R. Heymann, MD, are provided after each discussion as a topic summary and are provided hear as a special service to readers of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Streptococcal Infections; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 19539842
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.11.895 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Aug 2019Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory myopathy that has an increased risk of malignancy, warranting aggressive health maintenance screenings. Dermatomyositis can rarely...
BACKGROUND
Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory myopathy that has an increased risk of malignancy, warranting aggressive health maintenance screenings. Dermatomyositis can rarely present with vulvovaginitis, thus clinical suspicion is important in early diagnosis.
CASE
We present the case of a 31-year-old woman with a 10-year history of vulvovaginitis as her presenting symptom of dermatomyositis. On further investigation, she had a history of joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue, and leukopenia. On examination, she was found to have a rash and mucopurulent vulvovaginitis. Biopsies from the chest, axilla, and vulva were compatible with dermatomyositis. Evaluation for malignancy was negative, and her symptoms resolved with treatment of the dermatomyositis.
CONCLUSION
Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory disease that can be associated with malignancy. This particular patient presented with vulvovaginitis. This case is important because the diagnosis was delayed. Early recognition is important to evaluate for malignancy.
Topics: Adult; Delayed Diagnosis; Dermatomyositis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 31306316
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003365