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Lancet (London, England) Aug 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Delivery of Health Care; Dental Care; Health Care Reform; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32798482
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31529-4 -
European Journal of Preventive... Dec 2013There is a need for simple and feasible methods for estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in large study populations, as existing methods for valid estimation of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
There is a need for simple and feasible methods for estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in large study populations, as existing methods for valid estimation of maximal oxygen consumption are generally time consuming and relatively expensive to administer. The Danish step test may be a feasible alternative for estimation of VO2max.
AIM
To compare a simple fitness test, the Danish step test, to an indirect maximal test, the watt-max test, for estimation of VO2max.
METHODS
In the population-based Health2008 study, 2218 men and women aged 30-60 years were invited. Altogether, 795 eligible participants (response rate 35.8%) performed the watt max and the Danish step test. Correlation and agreement between the two VO2max test results was explored by Pearson's rho, Bland-Altman plots, Kappa(w), and gamma coefficients.
RESULTS
The correlation between VO2max (ml/kg/min) estimated by the two tests was moderate to high (men: r = 0.69, p < 0.0001; women: r = 0.77, p < 0.0001). The Danish step test slightly overestimated VO2max compared to the watt-max test, more so in women than in men. Agreement between the two tests when VO2max was classified in five levels was gamma = 0.77, Kappa(w )= 0.42 in women, and gamma = 0.64, Kappa(w )= 0.37 in men.
CONCLUSION
The Danish step test is a safe and feasible alternative to the more time-consuming watt-max test as a method for estimation of VO2max in large adult population-based studies.
Topics: Adult; Bicycling; Cross-Sectional Studies; Denmark; Exercise Test; Feasibility Studies; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Fitness; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 23022702
DOI: 10.1177/2047487312462825 -
Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical... 1977The transthoracic impedance to direct-current defibrillation discharge of the half-sinusoidal waveform was compared using recently marketed disposable defibrillator...
The transthoracic impedance to direct-current defibrillation discharge of the half-sinusoidal waveform was compared using recently marketed disposable defibrillator electrode pads (SAF-D-FIB and DEFIB-PADS) with electrode paste as the interfaces between the defibrillator paddle electrode and chest wall. Twenty-four mongrel dogs with an average weight of 17.3 kilograms were used. Half were shocked with the defibrillator meter setting at 100 watt-seconds (mean delivered energy, 59 watt-seconds) and half at 400 watt-seconds (mean delivered energy, 205 watt-seconds). Each animal received six shocks with both paste and one of the sets of disposable pads. The sequence of shocks was changed in alternate animals. At a meter setting of 100 watt-seconds, the mean impedance using SAF-D-FIB was 59 +/- 6 ohms compared to 46 +/- 6 ohms with paste (p less than 0.001), while that encountered with DEFIB-PADS was 57 +/- 5 ohms compared to 50 +/- 5 ohms with paste (p less than 0.01). At settings of 400 watt-seconds, the impedances encountered were also significantly higher with the disposable electrode (p less than 0.01). The output of many defibrillators in use today is inadequate for consistent defibrillation of adult patients weighing more than 50 to 80 kilograms. Since a minimal peak current per unit of body weight is required for ventricular defibrillation and since a higher transthoracic impedance results in a lower delivered peak current, one should use the paddle electrode-chest wall interface that results in the lowest impedance to defibrillator discharge. The impedance encountered with disposable electrodes is significantly higher than that encountered with electrode paste. Therefore, we do not recommend the use of these disposable electrodes for defibrillation or elective cardioversion.
Topics: Animals; Disposable Equipment; Dogs; Electric Conductivity; Electric Countershock; Electrodes; Thorax
PubMed: 583893
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2024This paper presents the Reconfigurable Multi-Terrain Adaptive Casualty Transport Aid (RMTACTA), an innovative solution addressing the critical need for rapid and safe...
This paper presents the Reconfigurable Multi-Terrain Adaptive Casualty Transport Aid (RMTACTA), an innovative solution addressing the critical need for rapid and safe pre-hospital casualty transport in industrial environments. The RMTACTA, leveraging the Watt II six-bar linkage, offers enhanced adaptability through six modes of motion, overcoming the limitations of traditional stretchers and stretcher vehicles by facilitating navigation across narrow and challenging terrains. The RMTACTA's design incorporates two branching four-bar mechanisms to form a compact, reconfigurable Watt II six-bar linkage mechanism. This setup is controlled via a single remote rope, allowing for easy transition between its multiple operational modes, including stretcher, stretcher vehicle, folding, gangway-passing, obstacle-crossing, and upright modes. The mechanical design and kinematics of this innovative linkage are detailed, alongside an analysis of the optimal design and mechanical evaluation of rope control. A prototype of the RMTACTA was developed, embodying the proposed mechanical and kinematic solutions. Preliminary tests were conducted to verify the prototype's feasibility and operability across different terrains, demonstrating its capability to safely and efficiently transport casualties. The development of the proposed Reconfigurable Multi-Terrain Adaptive Casualty Transport Aid (RMTACTA) introduces a novel perspective on the design of emergency medical transport robots and the enhancement of casualty evacuation strategies. Its innovative application of the Watt II six-bar linkage mechanism not only showcases the RMTACTA's versatility across varied terrains but also illuminates its potential utility in critical scenarios such as earthquake relief, maritime rescue, and battlefield medical support.
PubMed: 38605994
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1360902 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... 2003
Review
Topics: Animals; Dental Caries; Diet; Diet, Cariogenic; Humans; Nutrition Policy; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; World Health Organization
PubMed: 14624958
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2003.08.007 -
Journal of Cell Science Aug 1988
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Epidermal Cells; Homeostasis; Keratins; Mice; Models, Biological
PubMed: 2473085
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.90.4.525 -
Optics Express Apr 2024In this paper, a hundred-watt-level near-diffraction-limited step-index Yb-doped fiber (YDF) laser near 980 nm is demonstrated firstly, to the best of our knowledge. By...
In this paper, a hundred-watt-level near-diffraction-limited step-index Yb-doped fiber (YDF) laser near 980 nm is demonstrated firstly, to the best of our knowledge. By using the 11.7-W 979-nm single-mode seed light, the in-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is well suppressed and the maximum output power of 101.5 W with the beam quality (M factor) of 1.285 was obtained. This work does not only propose an effective method for the suppression of in-band ASE, but also provides a cost-effective solution of hundred-Watt-level near-diffraction-limited fiber lasers near 980 nm.
PubMed: 38859289
DOI: 10.1364/OE.517764 -
Optics Express Sep 2023Broadband supercontinuum laser sources in the mid-infrared region have attracted enormous interest and found significant applications in spectroscopy, imaging, sensing,...
Broadband supercontinuum laser sources in the mid-infrared region have attracted enormous interest and found significant applications in spectroscopy, imaging, sensing, defense, and security. Despite recent advances in mid-infrared supercontinuum laser sources using infrared fibers, the average power of those laser sources is limited to 10-watt-level, and further power scaling to over 50 W (or hundred-watt-level) remains a significant technological challenge. Here, we report an over 50 W all-fiber mid-infrared supercontinuum laser source with a spectral range from 1220 to 3740 nm, by using low loss (<0.1 dB/m) fluorotellurite fibers we developed as the nonlinear medium and a tilted fusion splicing method for reducing the reflection from the fluorotellurite-silica fiber joint. Furthermore, the scalability of all-fiber mid-infrared supercontinuum laser sources using fluorotellurite fibers is analyzed by considering thermal effects and optical damage, which verifies its potential of power scaling to hundred-watt-level. Our results pave the way for realizing all-fiber hundred-watt-level mid-infrared lasers for real applications.
PubMed: 37710636
DOI: 10.1364/OE.498183 -
The American Journal of Dental Science Jan 1883
PubMed: 30748816
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of the Royal College of... Jun 2016Dr William Cullen (1710-1790) was a leading physician of the Enlightenment era. As professor in Edinburgh he became the most influential teacher of theoretical and...
Dr William Cullen (1710-1790) was a leading physician of the Enlightenment era. As professor in Edinburgh he became the most influential teacher of theoretical and practical medicine in 18th century Britain. A renowned private practitioner, Cullen systematically archived his postal 'consultations', now held by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. Initially Cullen preserved his replies as transcriptions, but from April 1781 he began using a mechanical copier, newly devised by the Scottish engineer James Watt. This paper describes the development, promotion and functioning of Watt's copier and considers Cullen's own adoption of the machine. It is suggested that with Cullen's adoption of Watt's copier, medical record keeping entered a new historical phase comparable with the recent digital revolution.
Topics: Correspondence as Topic; Forms and Records Control; History, 18th Century; Humans; Medical Records; Printing; Scotland
PubMed: 27929579
DOI: 10.4997/JRCPE.2016.213