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Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North... Nov 2022Wheezing is common in childhood, although only a small percentage of these children develop asthma. The child's wheezing phenotype and asthma predictive indices help... (Review)
Review
Wheezing is common in childhood, although only a small percentage of these children develop asthma. The child's wheezing phenotype and asthma predictive indices help predict the likelihood of a future asthma diagnosis. Viral infections are common in childhood with most wheezing episodes due to respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus. Many treatment options exist for wheezing children including both those who wheeze persistently and those who wheeze intermittently due to viral infections.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Respiratory Sounds; Rhinovirus; Asthma; Virus Diseases; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
PubMed: 36265972
DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.05.004 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Mar 2022
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Respiratory Sounds; Weight Lifting
PubMed: 34483215
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8179-21 -
Clinics in Chest Medicine Jun 1987Wheezes are defined as high-pitched, continuous, adventitious lung sounds. They are produced by oscillation of opposing airway walls whose lumen is narrowed. Although... (Review)
Review
Wheezes are defined as high-pitched, continuous, adventitious lung sounds. They are produced by oscillation of opposing airway walls whose lumen is narrowed. Although asthma is the most common cause of wheezing, a wide variety of disease processes may result in wheezing due to airway obstruction. This obstruction may be caused by airway edema, smooth muscle constriction, increased secretions, vascular congestion, mass lesions, scarring, or foreign bodies. Stridor is a special kind of wheeze described as a loud musical sound of constant pitch, which is heard in patients with tracheal or laryngeal obstruction. The full differential diagnosis of airway obstruction should be carefully considered in any patient with wheezing or stridor.
Topics: Airway Obstruction; Asthma; Humans; Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Pulmonary Edema; Pulmonary Embolism; Respiratory Sounds
PubMed: 3304813
DOI: No ID Found -
Early Human Development Oct 2013Wheezing is a common condition in pediatric practice, it can be defined as a musical sound, high-pitched and continuous, emitting from the chest during breath... (Review)
Review
Wheezing is a common condition in pediatric practice, it can be defined as a musical sound, high-pitched and continuous, emitting from the chest during breath exhalation. Although almost 50% of children experiences wheeze in the first 6 years of life, only 40% of them will report continued wheezing symptoms after childhood. The classification of wheeze in preschool children is more difficult compared to school aged children. It is based on the onset and duration of symptoms and divided children in three categories: transient early wheezing, non-atopic wheezing and atopic wheezing/asthma. History and physical examination, skin prick test, exhaled nitric oxide, lung function test are the parameter to evaluate children with wheezing. The aim of management of wheezing is to finalize the control of symptoms, reduce exacerbations and improve the quality of life. All guidelines underline the complexity in making a diagnosis of asthma under five years and the need to identify phenotypes that may help paediatricians in the therapeutic choices.
Topics: Asthma; Child, Preschool; Humans; Phenotype; Respiratory Sounds
PubMed: 24001476
DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.017 -
Annals of Emergency Medicine Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Male; Respiratory Sounds; Asthma; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 36265917
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.04.025 -
Clinical and Experimental Allergy :... Feb 1994
Review
Topics: Asthma; Humans; Infant; Respiratory Sounds
PubMed: 8187035
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00203.x -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Feb 2014The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of wheezing in sickle cell disease (SCD), including epidemiology, pathophysiology, associations between... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of wheezing in sickle cell disease (SCD), including epidemiology, pathophysiology, associations between wheezing and SCD morbidity and finally the clinical approach to evaluation and management of individuals with SCD who wheeze.
RECENT FINDINGS
Wheezing is common in SCD and in some individuals represents an intrinsic component of SCD-related lung disease rather than asthma. Emerging data suggest that, regardless of the cause, individuals with SCD and with recurrent wheezing are at increased risk for subsequent morbidity and premature mortality. We believe individuals who acutely wheeze and have respiratory symptoms should be managed with a beta agonist and short-term treatment of oral steroids, typically less than 3 days to attenuate rebound vaso-occlusive disease. For those who wheeze and have a history or examination associated with atopy, we consider asthma treatment and monitoring per National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute asthma guidelines.
SUMMARY
Wheezing in SCD should be treated aggressively both in the acute setting and with controller medications. Prospective SCD-specific clinical trials will be necessary to address whether anti-inflammatory asthma therapies (leukotriene antagonists, inhaled corticosteroids) can safely mitigate the sequelae of wheezing in SCD.
Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Referral and Consultation; Respiratory Sounds
PubMed: 24370489
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000045 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Mar 2018Over the past year, studies into virus-induced wheeze in children have shifted towards investigations that examine the mechanisms by which respiratory viruses cause... (Review)
Review
Over the past year, studies into virus-induced wheeze in children have shifted towards investigations that examine the mechanisms by which respiratory viruses cause wheeze and an increase in studies examining the effects of novel interventions to reduce wheezing exacerbations. Studies on rhinovirus species (RV)-C infection have found that this is associated with a decrease in expression of CDHR3, the cellular receptor specific for this virus, and a decrease in interferon-β expression, both of which are likely to favour RV-C infection. Recent clinical trials in children have found a decrease in wheezing exacerbations with both anti-respiratory syncytial virus antibody and anti-immunoglobulin E antibody therapy, and a clinical trial of prednisolone in children with their first RV-induced wheeze showed that only those with an RV viral count >7000 copies·mL responded. Further studies on the effects of bacterial lysates on immune system function continue to support the potential of this approach to reduce virus-induced wheezing exacerbations in children. These studies and many previous investigations into immunomodulation using bacterial lysates have led to the funding and commencement of a large study in which long-term administration of a bacterial lysate in young children will be assessed for its ability to prevent asthma.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antiviral Agents; Biological Products; Glucocorticoids; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunization; Lung; Respiratory Sounds; Respiratory Tract Infections; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Viral Vaccines; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 29622672
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0133-2017 -
Pediatrics in Review Feb 1986
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Allergology International : Official... Apr 2022Wheezing may lead to asthma and reduced pulmonary function in later life. The study aims to identify wheezing trajectories and investigate their relation with pulmonary...
BACKGROUND
Wheezing may lead to asthma and reduced pulmonary function in later life. The study aims to identify wheezing trajectories and investigate their relation with pulmonary function and asthma-related outcomes at 22 years of age.
METHODS
Individuals from a population-based cohort in Brazil (1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort) with post-bronchodilator pulmonary function data at 22 years (3350) were included in the study. From parentally reported (4 and 11 years) and self-reported (15, 18 and 22 years) history of wheezing in the last 12 months, we used a group-based trajectory modelling approach to derive wheezing trajectories.
RESULTS
Four trajectories were identified: never/infrequent, transient-early, late-onset and persistent wheeze. After adjustments, wheezing trajectories remained associated with lower post-bronchodilator values of pulmonary function. Individuals in the persistent wheeze trajectory had a markedly poorer pulmonary function and also showed greater odds of asthma-related outcomes compared to other trajectories groups. Those following this trajectory had on average -109 ml (95% CI: -188; -35), -1.80 percentage points (95% CI: -2.73; -0.87) and -316 ml/s (95% CI: -482; -150) lower FEV, FEV/FVC ratio and FEF respectively; higher odds of self-reported medical diagnosis of allergy (OR 6.18; 95% CI: 3.59; 10.61) and asthma (OR 12.88; 95% CI: 8.91; 18.61) and asthma medication use (OR 9.42; 95% CI: 5.27; 16.87) compared to the never/infrequent group.
CONCLUSIONS
Wheezing trajectories, especially the persistent wheeze trajectory, were related to lower pulmonary function values and increased risk of asthma and allergy diagnosis in early adulthood.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asthma; Child; Cohort Studies; Humans; Lung; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Sounds; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 34600810
DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.09.002