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Total Body Irradiation: Guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG).International Journal of Radiation... Jul 2018Total body irradiation (TBI) remains an effective myeloablative treatment in regimens used for preparation and conditioning before allogeneic stem cell transplantation... (Review)
Review
Total body irradiation (TBI) remains an effective myeloablative treatment in regimens used for preparation and conditioning before allogeneic stem cell transplantation for leukemia. The regimens used vary across institutions in terms of dose, dose rate, fractionation, and technique. The objective of this document is to provide comprehensive guidelines for the current practice of delivering total body irradiation.
Topics: Humans; Internationality; Lymphoma; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Societies, Medical; Whole-Body Irradiation
PubMed: 29893272
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.04.071 -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Jun 2019There is an unmet need to develop and validate therapies that can treat or at least prevent premature therapy-induced frailty, multi-morbidity and mortality in long-term...
There is an unmet need to develop and validate therapies that can treat or at least prevent premature therapy-induced frailty, multi-morbidity and mortality in long-term tumour survivors. In an approach to develop a first mouse model for therapy-induced long-term frailty, we irradiated male C57Bl/6 mice at 5-6 months of age sub-lethally with 3 × 3 Gy (whole body) and assessed subsequent frailty for up to 6 months using a Rockwood-type frailty index (FI). Frailty scorers were trained to obtain excellent inter- and intra-observer reproducibility. Irradiated mice developed progressive frailty approximately twice as fast as controls. This was premature frailty; it was phenotypically identical to that in non-irradiated mice at higher age. As expected, frailty was associated with decreased cognition and predicted mortality. In irradiated mice, frailty and neuromuscular performance, measured by Rotarod and Hanging Wire tests, were not associated with each other, probably because of long-term decreased body weights after irradiation. We conclude that progressive frailty following sub-lethal irradiation comprises a sensitive and easy to use test bed for interventions to stop premature ageing in long-term tumour survivors.
Topics: Aging, Premature; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Frailty; Male; Mice; Whole-Body Irradiation
PubMed: 30954485
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.03.006 -
British Journal of Radiology. Supplement 1986
Review
Topics: Animals; Humans; Multiple Trauma; Whole-Body Irradiation; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 3319023
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Radiology May 1953
Topics: Radiation; Radiobiology; Whole-Body Irradiation
PubMed: 13042090
DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-26-305-234 -
Bone Marrow Transplantation Sep 2019
Topics: Cataract; Cataract Extraction; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Ophthalmologists; Whole-Body Irradiation; Wine
PubMed: 30659244
DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0433-4 -
Health Physics Feb 2016Shielded Cs irradiators are routinely used in pre-clinical radiation research to perform in vitro or in vivo investigations. Without appropriate dosimetry and...
Shielded Cs irradiators are routinely used in pre-clinical radiation research to perform in vitro or in vivo investigations. Without appropriate dosimetry and irradiation protocols in place, there can be large uncertainty in the delivered dose of radiation between irradiated subjects that could lead to inaccurate and possibly misleading results. Here, a dosimetric evaluation of the JL Shepard Mark I-68A Cs irradiator and an irradiation technique for whole-body irradiation of small animals that allows one to limit the between subject variation in delivered dose to ±3% are provided. Mathematical simulation techniques and Gafchromic EBT film were used to describe the region within the irradiation cavity with homogeneous dose distribution (100% ± 5%), the dosimetric impact of varying source-to-subject distance, and the variation in attenuation thickness due to turntable rotation. Furthermore, an irradiation protocol and dosimetry formalism that allows calculation of irradiation time for whole-body irradiation of small animals is proposed that is designed to ensure a more consistent dose delivery between irradiated subjects. To compare this protocol with the conventional irradiation protocol suggested by the vendor, high-resolution film dosimetry measurements evaluating the dose difference between irradiation subjects and the dose distribution throughout subjects was performed using phantoms resembling small animals. Based on these results, there can be considerable variation in the delivered dose of > ± 5% using the conventional irradiation protocol for whole-body irradiation doses below 5 Gy. Using the proposed irradiation protocol this variability can be reduced to within ±3% and the dosimetry formalism allows for more accurate calculation of the irradiation time in relation to the intended prescription dose.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Cesium Radioisotopes; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Mice; Radiometry; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Whole-Body Irradiation
PubMed: 26710162
DOI: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000462 -
Annual Review of Medicine 1952
Topics: Humans; Radiation Effects; Whole-Body Irradiation; X-Rays
PubMed: 13092835
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.me.03.020152.001205 -
Journal of Radiological Protection :... Jan 2022The field of radiation countermeasures is growing, however, currently there are no effective and non-toxic compounds which could be administered orally to the...
The field of radiation countermeasures is growing, however, currently there are no effective and non-toxic compounds which could be administered orally to the individuals post exposure to high doses of ionising radiation. The pigment melanin is ubiquitous through all kingdoms of life and provides selective advantage under radiation stress through its role as a chemical and physical shield, and its capacity to respond and react to exposures. Soluble allomelanin was administered to mice following whole-body exposure to lethal or sublethal doses of gamma radiation to determine its capacity to mitigate the effects of acute radiation syndrome, and its utility as a radiation countermeasure. Allomelanin has shown a trend to improve survival post an 8 Gy sublethal radiation exposure when administered up to 48 h post-irradiation. Furthermore, it improved median and overall survival to a 10 Gy lethal radiation exposure, specifically when administered at 24 h post-irradiation. Histological analysis on the jejunum region of the small intestine of this treatment group indicated that alterations of the mucosal and submucosal architecture, and disruption of the lymphatic system associated with lethal radiation exposure were mitigated when allomelanin was administered at 24 h post-irradiation. Based on this work soluble allomelanin derived from a fungal source could serve as an easily sourced, cost-effective, and viable countermeasure to accidental radiation exposure and merits further investigation.
Topics: Acute Radiation Syndrome; Animals; Gamma Rays; Melanins; Mice; Radiation Dosage; Whole-Body Irradiation
PubMed: 35037901
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac3dcf -
British Journal of Experimental... Oct 1956
Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Humans; Mental Disorders; Stress, Physiological; Whole-Body Irradiation; X-Rays
PubMed: 13374211
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Radiation Research Nov 2007Radioadaptive survival responses after relatively low doses of radiation were investigated in C57BL/6 mice. The 8-week-old mice received whole-body mid-lethal...
Radioadaptive survival responses after relatively low doses of radiation were investigated in C57BL/6 mice. The 8-week-old mice received whole-body mid-lethal challenging irradiation (5.9 Gy) at various intervals after conditioning whole-body irradiation with 50-400 mGy. Thereafter, survival of the mice was observed for 30 days. The mice receiving 400 mGy at 6 h before the challenging dose had a lower survival rate than the control group, but it was not observed when the conditioning 400-mGy irradiation was given 24 h beforehand. The conditioning doses of 100 and 200 mGy did not influence the survival of mice after the challenging dose. The mice receiving 50 mGy at 1 day, 3 days or 1 week before the challenging dose had a higher survival rate than the control, although this adaptive response was not observed when 50 mGy was given 6 h, 12 h, 3.5 weeks, or 5 weeks beforehand. When 50 mGy was given 2 weeks before the challenging dose, the adaptive response was observed in an experiment in which the mice were caged in our laboratory at the age of 5 weeks, whereas it was not observed in another experiment in which the mice were caged at 3 weeks. This study confirmed the presence of radioadaptive survival responses at the dose of 50 mGy given relatively shortly before the challenging dose.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Female; Longevity; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Radiation Dosage; Radiation Tolerance; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate; Whole-Body Irradiation
PubMed: 17785936
DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07022