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Advances in Clinical and Experimental... 2016This paper presents the etiopathogenesis, symptomatology, evaluation and treatment of mouth dryness. Xerostomia affects 1-29% of the population, mostly women. It is... (Review)
Review
This paper presents the etiopathogenesis, symptomatology, evaluation and treatment of mouth dryness. Xerostomia affects 1-29% of the population, mostly women. It is observed in geriatric patients and in individuals using certain medications, those subjected to radiotherapy of the head and neck region or affected with autoimmune conditions. The main signs of xerostomia include the impression of a dry mouth, problems with food ingestion and dryness of the oral mucosa and skin. Evaluation is based on structured interviews (the Fox test) and determinations of unstimulated and stimulated salivary volume. The signs of xerostomia can be attenuated with saliva substitutes, cevimeline or malic acid. Only palliative treatment of this condition is available at present. Untreated xerostomia significantly impairs the quality of life, which can potentially lead to depression.
Topics: Humans; Palliative Care; Predictive Value of Tests; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Salivary Glands; Salivation; Treatment Outcome; Xerostomia
PubMed: 26935515
DOI: 10.17219/acem/29375 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jul 2021Xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction impact oral health and quality of life and are mainly caused by the intake of medications, chronic disorders like Sjögren's... (Review)
Review
Xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction impact oral health and quality of life and are mainly caused by the intake of medications, chronic disorders like Sjögren's syndrome, and head and neck radiation. Other aetiologies may be local diseases of the salivary glands including infections, cancer, or obstructive diseases of the salivary ducts. Management strategies are primarily alleviating symptoms. Current investigations show promising results in stem cell treatment. In this review, we want to provide comprehension of the aetiologies, evaluation, and management of xerostomia and hyposalivation.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Salivary Glands; Sjogren's Syndrome; Xerostomia
PubMed: 34219641
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics in Dermatology 2017Xerostomia is defined as the complaint of oral dryness. It is a condition that primarily affects older adults and can have a significant negative effect on one's quality... (Review)
Review
Xerostomia is defined as the complaint of oral dryness. It is a condition that primarily affects older adults and can have a significant negative effect on one's quality of life. Patients with xerostomia often do not have objective signs of hyposalivation. The underlying etiology of xerostomia includes a variety of systemic diseases and local factors. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management of xerostomia. Prompt diagnosis and management can alleviate the clinical manifestations of this debilitating condition.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Quality of Life; Saliva; Xerostomia
PubMed: 28916028
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.06.010 -
Journal of the American Dental... Jan 2003Clinicians may encounter symptoms of xerostomia, commonly called "dry mouth," among patients who take medications, have certain connective tissue or immunological... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Clinicians may encounter symptoms of xerostomia, commonly called "dry mouth," among patients who take medications, have certain connective tissue or immunological disorders or have been treated with radiation therapy. When xerostomia is the result of a reduction in salivary flow, significant oral complications can occur.
TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED
The authors conducted an Index Medicus--generated review of clinical and scientific reports of xerostomia in the dental and medical literature during the past 20 years. The literature pertaining to xerostomia represented the disciplines of oral medicine, pathology, pharmacology, epidemiology, gerodontology, dental oncology, immunology and rheumatology. Additional topics included the physiology of salivary function and the management of xerostomia and its complications.
RESULTS
Xerostomia often develops when the amount of saliva that bathes the oral mucous membranes is reduced. However, symptoms may occur without a measurable reduction in salivary gland output. The most frequently reported cause of xerostomia is the use of xerostomic medications. A number of commonly prescribed drugs with a variety of pharmacological activities have been found to produce xerostomia as a side effect. Additionally, xerostomia often is associated with Sjögren's syndrome, a condition that involves dry mouth and dry eyes and that may be accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis or a related connective tissue disease. Xerostomia also is a frequent complication of radiation therapy.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Xerostomia is an uncomfortable condition and a common oral complaint for which patients may seek relief from dental practitioners. Complications of xerostomia include dental caries, candidiasis or difficulty with the use of dentures. The clinician needs to identify the possible cause(s) and provide the patient with appropriate treatment. Remedies for xerostomia usually are palliative but may offer some protection from the condition's more significant complications.
Topics: Candidiasis, Oral; Cholinergic Agents; Dental Caries; Humans; Lubrication; Palliative Care; Saliva; Saliva, Artificial; Xerostomia
PubMed: 12555958
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0018 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Feb 2022In this chapter, the authors review the benefits of saliva and the destructive consequences of its loss. It is hoped that this will help their colleagues identify and... (Review)
Review
In this chapter, the authors review the benefits of saliva and the destructive consequences of its loss. It is hoped that this will help their colleagues identify and treat patients before development of symptoms. Xerostomia is the subjective complaint of dry mouth or sensation of oral dryness. Hyposalivation is the actual decrease in measured salivary outflow. The authors discuss a compiled list of highly cited medications commonly used today that are linked with xerostomia and hyposalivation. There are numerous treatment modalities that are present, such as saliva substitutes, mouth rinses, sugar-free candy, and pilocarpine among others.
Topics: Burning Mouth Syndrome; Humans; Saliva; Xerostomia
PubMed: 34598858
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.08.002 -
Northwest Dentistry 2016
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Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Apr 2003
Review
Topics: Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Xerostomia
PubMed: 12673457
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-003-0456-6 -
Seminars in Dialysis Sep 2019Xerostomia, or dryness of oral cavity, is relatively common in patients on chronic hemodialysis and significantly impairs their quality of life. Xerostomia is often the... (Review)
Review
Xerostomia, or dryness of oral cavity, is relatively common in patients on chronic hemodialysis and significantly impairs their quality of life. Xerostomia is often the consequence of reduced salivary flow resulting from atrophy and fibrosis of the salivary glands, an event that is of uncertain origin. Many medications commonly used in dialysis patients may also cause or exacerbate xerostomia. Its consequences may be serious and disturbing and include difficulties in chewing, swallowing, tasting, and speaking; increased risk of oral disease, including lesions of the mucosa, gingiva and tongue; bacterial and fungal infections, such as candidiasis, dental caries, and periodontal disease; interdialytic weight gain resulting from increased fluid intake; and a reduction in the quality of life. Therapeutically, stimulation of the salivary glands to increase the production of saliva mechanically by chewing-gum, mouthwash, acupressure, or transcutaneous electrical stimulation has had modest success. However, the long-term effectiveness of such treatments still needs to be investigated and defined. Xerostomia remains a frustrating and disturbing symptom for patients on hemodialysis. Further efforts should be made to find the causes and the mechanisms of the reduced salivary flow observed in patients on chronic hemodialysis.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Renal Dialysis; Xerostomia
PubMed: 31117154
DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12821 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2023Radiotherapy (RT) continues to play a key role in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC). Xerostomia remains a principal detriment to the quality of life (QoL) for... (Review)
Review
Radiotherapy (RT) continues to play a key role in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC). Xerostomia remains a principal detriment to the quality of life (QoL) for 80 % of surviving patients receiving head and neck radiation. Radiation-induced injury to the salivary glands is dose-dependent, and thus efforts have been focused on decreasing radiation to the salivary glands. Decreased saliva production reduces both short-term and long-term quality of life in head and neck survivors by impacting on taste and contributing to dysphagia. Several radioprotective agents to the salivary gland have been investigated. Although not widely practiced, surgical transfer of the submandibular gland prior to RT is the mainstay of surgical options in preventing xerostomia. This review focuses on the strategies to improve xerostomia following radiation therapy in head and neck cancers.
Topics: Humans; Xerostomia; Quality of Life; Salivary Glands; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Submandibular Gland
PubMed: 36996514
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103867 -
Palliative Medicine Oct 1996Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a very common symptom amongst the terminally ill and can have profound negative effects on patients' quality of life. Yet, it is often... (Review)
Review
Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a very common symptom amongst the terminally ill and can have profound negative effects on patients' quality of life. Yet, it is often considered trivial and therefore tends to be neglected and ignored. This review examines the pathophysiology, aetiology and methods of assessing xerostomia and its effects and discusses its management, with particular emphasis upon palliation. If xerostomia is managed sensitively and effectively, it is possible to improve patients' comfort and sense of well-being and so improve overall care.
Topics: Humans; Oral Hygiene; Palliative Care; Quality of Life; Salivation; Xerostomia
PubMed: 8931063
DOI: 10.1177/026921639601000403