-
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2024H. pectinata (L.) Poit, popularly known as "sambacaitá" or "canudinho", is a plant endemic to north-eastern Brazil. Its aerial parts, leaves and flowers have... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
H. pectinata (L.) Poit, popularly known as "sambacaitá" or "canudinho", is a plant endemic to north-eastern Brazil. Its aerial parts, leaves and flowers have traditionally been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, rhinopharyngitis, nasal congestion, bacterial and fungal infections, fever, colic, inflammation, and pain.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim of this review was to provide information on the botanical characteristics, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological-pharmacological activities of H. pectinata.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This systematic review followed the Cochrane Handbook Collaboration and the PRISMA guidelines. The review question was what are the biological-pharmacological activities of H. pectinata presented in non-clinical studies. The search for articles was conducted in the Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, SciELO, Google Scholar and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations databases. Two reviewers independently selected the studies that met the inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.
RESULTS
39 articles were included in this review, of which 19 reported in vitro experiments, 16 in vivo studies and 4 in vivo and in vitro experiments. H. pectinata is a plant widely used in folk medicine in north-eastern Brazil for the treatment of various ailments, such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, bacterial and fungal infections, and general inflammation. Supporting its popular use, several in vitro and in vivo pharmacological investigations of the essential oil and extract of H. pectinata have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antidepressant, anticancer, hepatoregenerative, healing, and antimicrobial activities. H. pectinata has been reported to contain 75 bioactive constituents, comprising 9 flavonoids, 54 terpenes, and 12 other compounds.
CONCLUSION
H. pectinata is a plant commonly used in traditional medicine. Phytochemically, it contains several bioactive constituents, including terpenes and flavonoids, and has been shown to have antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumour activity, as well as hepatorregenerative and healing effects, and low toxicity.
PubMed: 38909822
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118478 -
Surgery Jun 2024Some observational data have suggested that anastomotic leak may be reduced with triple-row staple technology compared to double-row staple technology. We aimed to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Some observational data have suggested that anastomotic leak may be reduced with triple-row staple technology compared to double-row staple technology. We aimed to investigate this further by performing a systematic review comparing double- and triple-row staple technology for colorectal anastomoses.
METHODS
This systematic review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched up to November 2023. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were comparing double-row staple and triple-row staple technology for left-sided colo-colic, colorectal, or coloanal anastomosis. The main outcomes included anastomotic leak, anastomotic hemorrhage, 30-day mortality, and reoperation. Meta-analyses with inverse variance random effects were performed. Certainty of evidence was assessed with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations.
RESULTS
After reviewing 340 relevant citations, 6 retrospective cohort studies met inclusion. Overall, 19,372 patients (mean age: 60.2 years, 52.7% female sex) had anastomoses with double-row staple technology, and 2,298 patients (mean age: 61.3 years, 50.3% female sex) with triple-row staple technology. Most operations were anterior resections (double-row: 55.3%; triple-row: 43.6%). Across all included studies, the risk of anastomotic leak was reduced with triple-row staple technology (6.3% vs 7.5%, risk ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.31-0.94, P = .03, I=75%). There were no significant differences in anastomotic hemorrhage (risk ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.15-1.49, P = .20, I = 57%), 30-day mortality (risk ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.17-2.55, P = .55, I = 0%), or reoperation (risk ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.42-2.64, P = .91, I = 56%).
CONCLUSION
Triple-row staple technology may reduce the risk of anastomotic leak in left-sided colorectal anastomoses.
PubMed: 38876899
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2024.04.039 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... May 2024Infantile colic is excessive crying for no apparent reason in an otherwise healthy infant. Although its physiopathology is not completely understood, therapies usually...
Infantile colic is excessive crying for no apparent reason in an otherwise healthy infant. Although its physiopathology is not completely understood, therapies usually target gastrointestinal symptoms. This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) analyzes the efficacy of lactase supplementation in infantile colic. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for RCTs evaluating lactase supplementation in infants up to 6 months old with infantile colic. Out of six RCTs including 394 patients, three reported a significantly shorter crying time in the lactase group than in the placebo group, while the other three found no significant difference between groups. Of the two studies that performed the hydrogen breath test, only one reported a significant reduction in exhaled hydrogen levels. The pharmacological approach to infantile colic remains debatable, and new studies with standardized diagnostic criteria and outcomes are required to guide lactase supplementation in clinical practice.
PubMed: 38720550
DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12231 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of craniosacral therapy (CST) in the management of any conditions. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of craniosacral therapy (CST) in the management of any conditions.
METHODS
Two independent reviewers searched the PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Osteopathic Medicine Digital Library databases in August 2023, and extracted data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating the clinical effectiveness of CST. The PEDro scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool were used to assess the potential risk of bias in the included studies. The certainty of the evidence of each outcome variable was determined using GRADEpro. Quantitative synthesis was carried out with RevMan 5.4 software using random effect models.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Fifteen RCTs were included in the qualitative and seven in the quantitative synthesis. For musculoskeletal disorders, the qualitative and quantitative synthesis suggested that CST produces no statistically significant or clinically relevant changes in pain and/or disability/impact in patients with headache disorders, neck pain, low back pain, pelvic girdle pain, or fibromyalgia. For non-musculoskeletal disorders, the qualitative and quantitative synthesis showed that CST was not effective for managing infant colic, preterm infants, cerebral palsy, or visual function deficits.
CONCLUSIONS
The qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the evidence suggest that CST produces no benefits in any of the musculoskeletal or non-musculoskeletal conditions assessed. Two RCTs suggested statistically significant benefits of CST in children. However, both studies are seriously flawed, and their findings are thus likely to be false positive.
PubMed: 38540643
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12060679 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... May 2024To systematically review evidence on the efficacy and safety of using a lactase supplementation for managing infant colic. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To systematically review evidence on the efficacy and safety of using a lactase supplementation for managing infant colic. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched (up to September 2023) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral lactase supplementation with placebo or no intervention in infants younger than 6 months old with infant colic. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised version of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Outcomes measured were selected according to a standardized core outcome set. Five RCTs involving a total of 391 infants were identified. Three RCTs reported reduced crying duration, but one showed effect only in a compliant group (40.4%, p = 0.0052). A meta-analysis of two RCTs found no difference in crying duration and fussing time during 1 week of lactase treatment compared with placebo (mean difference [MD] -17.66 min/day, 95% confidence interval [CI], -60.8 to 25.5; I = 68% and MD 2.75, 95% CI, -58.2 to 57.2; I = 80%, respectively). Other outcomes were assessed only in individual studies or not reported. The risk of bias was low in only one RCT, high in three, and raised some concerns in one. While individual trials have shown some promise, the overall evidence for the efficacy of lactase supplementation in treating infant colic remain inconclusive. Further well-designed RCTs are necessary to determine the effects of lactase on managing infant colic.
Topics: Humans; Colic; Lactase; Infant; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Dietary Supplements; Infant, Newborn; Crying; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38426798
DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12144 -
Journal of Pharmacopuncture Dec 2023The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess and compare the effectiveness of manual therapy in alleviating infant crying, a common symptom of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess and compare the effectiveness of manual therapy in alleviating infant crying, a common symptom of nocturnal crying (NC) and infantile colic (IC).
METHODS
Total effective rate, crying time and adverse events were used as outcome indicators. To assess the quality, the risk of bias was determined for each study by two authors, using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.0 was used for data analysis. A total of 98 articles were identified from 6 electronic databases.
RESULTS
Among them, twenty-seven studies which included 13 NC and 14 IC were included. Meta-analysis showed favorable effects tuina therapy on total effective rate (TER) of NC (RR 1.20 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.37], p = 0.007), chiropractic therapy on crying time change of IC (SMD -0.83 [95% CI -1.61 to -0.06], p = 0.04) and massage on total crying time of IC (SMD -0.86 [95% CI -1.09 to -0.63], p < 0.00001). This systematic review compares different manual therapies for the treatment of NC and IC. While tuina, chiropractic, and massage show results in alleviating symptoms, the overall evidence remains limited due to the low quality and heterogeneity of the included studies.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, further high-quality research with unified control groups is needed to establish manual therapy as a recommended treatment option for NC and IC. Protocol registration number is CRD42022348143 01/08/2022.
PubMed: 38162473
DOI: 10.3831/KPI.2023.26.4.285 -
The Journal of Manual & Manipulative... Jun 2024Reliable, valid, and responsive outcomes is foundational to address concerns about the risks and benefits of performing spinal manipulation and mobilization in pediatric... (Review)
Review
Psychometric measurement properties of patient-reported and observer-reported outcome measures for spinal mobilisations and manipulation on paediatric subjects with diverse medical conditions: A systematic review.
INTRODUCTION
Reliable, valid, and responsive outcomes is foundational to address concerns about the risks and benefits of performing spinal manipulation and mobilization in pediatric populations. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence on measurement properties from cohort/case-control/cross-sectional/randomized studies on patient-reported (SQLI - Scoliosis Quality of Life Index; VAS-Visual Analog Scale; PAQLQ - Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire), observer-reported (Crying Diaries; ATEC - Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist) and mixed (PedsQL - Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) outcome measurements identified through a scoping review on manipulation and mobilization for pediatric populations with diverse medical conditions.
METHOD AND ANALYSIS
Electronic databases, clinicaltrial.gov and Ebsco Open Dissertations were searched up to 21 October 202221 October 2022. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Qualitative synthesis was performed using COSMIN and Cochrane GRADE methodology to establish the certainty of evidence and overall rating: sufficient (+), insufficient (-), inconsistent (±), indeterminate (?).
RESULTS
Eighteen studies (2 SQLI for scoliosis; 1 VAS - perceived influence of exertion or movement/position on low back problems; 1 PAQLQ for asthma; 1 Crying Diaries for infantile colic; 8 ATEC for autism; 5 PedsQL for cerebral palsy/scoliosis/healthy) with 9653 participants were selected. ATEC and PedsQL had overall sufficient (+) measurement properties with moderate certainty evidence. PAQLQ had indeterminate measurement properties with moderate certainty evidence. Very low certainty of evidence identified measurement properties to be indeterminate (?) for SQLI, Crying Diaries, and VAS- perceived influence of exertion or movement/position on low back problems.
CONCLUSION
ATEC for autism and PedsQL for asthma may be a suitable clinical outcome assessment (COA); additional validation studies on responsiveness and the minimal important difference are needed. Other COA require further validation.
Topics: Humans; Child; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Psychometrics; Manipulation, Spinal; Scoliosis; Quality of Life; Adolescent; Asthma; Male
PubMed: 38146749
DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2023.2281650 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023This systematic review aimed to identify the evidence concerning the analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat abdominal pain in horses, and... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to identify the evidence concerning the analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat abdominal pain in horses, and to establish whether one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug could provide better analgesia compared to others. This systematic review was conducted following the "Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies". Research published between 1985 and the end of May 2023 was searched, using three databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, using the words equine OR horse AND colic OR abdominal pain AND non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug AND meloxicam OR flunixin meglumine OR phenylbutazone OR firocoxib OR ketoprofen. Risk of bias was assessed with the SYRCLE risk of bias tool, and level of evidence scored according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. From those only one study judged pain with a validated pain score, and a high risk of bias was identified due to the presence of selection, performance, and "other" types of bias. Therefore, caution is required in the interpretation of results from individual studies. To date, the evidence on analgesic efficacy to determine whether one drug is more potent than another regarding the treatment of abdominal pain in horses is sparse.
PubMed: 38003065
DOI: 10.3390/ani13223447 -
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) Feb 2024This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that employed probiotics and symbiotics for treating infantile colic. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that employed probiotics and symbiotics for treating infantile colic.
METHODS
We performed electronic systematic literature searches in Embase, PubMed and Web of Science, to identify articles published between 1950 and April 2023. Only RCT involving infants with infantile colic under 3 months were included. The treatment plan comprised 15 probiotics, which included Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis BB-12. The probiotics were administered alone or in combination with a prebiotic, vs. no intervention or a placebo.
RESULTS
Probiotics resulted in an average reduction of 51 min of crying per day (p = 0.001). Further analysis of subgroups showed that the reduction was -39.30 min for vaginal delivery (p = 0.003), -64.66 min for Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (p = 0.03), -40.45 min for other strains (p < 0.00001), -74.28 min for exclusively breastfed infants (p = 0.0003) and -48.04 min for mixed feeding (p < 0.00001).
CONCLUSION
All probiotic strains seem effective in treating infantile colic. Exclusively breastfed infants have demonstrated more significant reduction in crying time. However, the available evidence on the effectiveness of probiotics in formula-fed and caesarean-born infants is limited.
Topics: Infant; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Colic; Breast Feeding; Probiotics; Emotions; Prebiotics; Limosilactobacillus reuteri
PubMed: 37962097
DOI: 10.1111/apa.17036 -
Pediatric Research Jan 2024Postbiotics, as emerging products, were added to infant formula, but their safety and efficacy are unclear. To clarify this issue, we wrote this meta-analysis. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Postbiotics, as emerging products, were added to infant formula, but their safety and efficacy are unclear. To clarify this issue, we wrote this meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and ProQuest from its establishment to February 2023. The review was registered on PROSPERO database (CRD42022352405). The effects of infant formula with and without postbiotics were compared, and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs), digestive symptoms, concentration of stool secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), and growth and development indexes were analyzed. Nine randomized controlled trials with 2065 participants were included. The addition of postbiotics to infant formula was found to increase the concentration of stool SIgA (P < 0.05) with very low certainty of evidence, without significantly impacting the incidence of SAEs, infantile colic, flatulence, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal disorders, the daily weight gain, the total gain in body length and the daily head circumference gain (all P > 0.05). Adding postbiotics to the formula is safe for infants, which would not increase the incidence of SAEs, infantile colic, flatulence, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal disorders, and could increase the concentration of stool SIgA. IMPACT: Our study provides evidence that the addition of postbiotics to infant formula is safe but not effective. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of postbiotics. This study provides strong evidence for the safety of postbiotics and lays a foundation for related clinical trials.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Infant Formula; Colic; Flatulence; Abdominal Pain; Vomiting; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37700163
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02813-w