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American Journal of Health Promotion :... May 2024To identify environmental features of multi-family housing (MFH) and their surrounding neighborhoods that influence residents' physical activity (PA). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify environmental features of multi-family housing (MFH) and their surrounding neighborhoods that influence residents' physical activity (PA).
DATA SOURCE
Articles published between January 2000 and September 2023 were identified from major social science, medical, health, behavioral science, and urban studies databases.
STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA
Studies were included if they (a) were empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and written in English; (b) focused on the MFH environment or the surrounding neighborhood; and (c) had at least one PA outcome.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data was extracted regarding the study objective, location, study sample, research design, results related to MFH and neighborhood environment, and limitations.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Descriptive summary of study characteristics and analysis to identify emerging themes at three spatial scales (i.e., building, site and neighborhood).
RESULTS
Findings from 35 identified articles revealed factors influencing MFH residents' PA. On the building level, typology and tenure showed contrasting correlations with PA in different age groups. On the site level, the presence of PA facilities and safe, walking-friendly environments promoted PA. On the neighborhood level, safety, quality of PA and pedestrian infrastructure, upkeep, air quality, aesthetics, neighborhood satisfaction, street connectivity, walkability, land use mix, density, and public transport promoted PA.
CONCLUSION
Study findings highlight the importance of the MFH environments in promoting PA, especially in older adults and young children. With increasing housing demand, understanding diverse MFH typologies and the impact of interventions on multi-spatial scales can help promote healthy and activity-friendly communities.
PubMed: 38785111
DOI: 10.1177/08901171241254940 -
Obesity Surgery Jul 2024This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of pre and intraoperative lidocaine infusion on short-term recovery quality after laparoscopic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of pre and intraoperative lidocaine infusion on short-term recovery quality after laparoscopic bariatric surgeries. In the search across MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases, we considered randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous lidocaine vs placebo (saline) for patients with obesity undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Seven studies (640 patients) were included. The lidocaine group had a significantly higher recovery quality score, a lower morphine consumption, and a notably reduced rate of nausea and vomiting compared with the placebo group. Additionally, Lidocaine infusion was associated with a shorter hospital stay, while no significant difference was observed in the time to bowel function recovery between both groups. In conclusion, lidocaine infusion before and during laparoscopic bariatric surgery contributes to an enhanced quality of recovery.
Topics: Humans; Anesthetics, Local; Bariatric Surgery; Infusions, Intravenous; Laparoscopy; Length of Stay; Lidocaine; Obesity, Morbid; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recovery of Function; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38780836
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07300-7 -
Epilepsia May 2024Research has indicated that certain environmental exposures may increase the risk of unprovoked seizures and new onset epilepsy. This study aimed to synthesize the... (Review)
Review
Research has indicated that certain environmental exposures may increase the risk of unprovoked seizures and new onset epilepsy. This study aimed to synthesize the literature that has estimated the associations between short- and long-term exposure to outdoor air and noise pollution and the risk of unprovoked seizures and new onset epilepsy. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, conference abstracts, and the gray literature and conducted citation tracing in June 2023. Observational and ecological studies assessing the associations of air and noise pollution with unprovoked seizures or new onset epilepsy were eligible. One reviewer extracted summary data. Using fixed and random effects models, we calculated the pooled risk ratios (RRs) for the studies assessing the associations between short-term exposure to air pollution and unprovoked seizures. Seventeen studies were included, 16 assessing the association of air pollution with seizures and one with epilepsy. Eight studies were pooled quantitatively. Ozone (O; RR = .99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .99-.99) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) exposure adjusted for particulate matter (RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01-1.02) on the same day, and carbon monoxide (CO) exposure 2 days prior (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02-1.22), were associated with seizure risk. A single study of air pollution and epilepsy did not report a significant association. The risk of bias and heterogeneity across studies was moderate or high. Short-term exposure to O, NO, and CO may affect the risk of seizures; however, the effect estimates for O and NO were minimal. Additional research should continue to explore these and the associations between outdoor air pollution and epilepsy and between noise pollution and seizures and epilepsy.
PubMed: 38776166
DOI: 10.1111/epi.18010 -
European Archives of Paediatric... May 2024Critically review and summarise existing knowledge on prevalence of oral, dental, and craniofacial side-effects of antineoplastic treatment in childhood cancer survivors...
PURPOSE
Critically review and summarise existing knowledge on prevalence of oral, dental, and craniofacial side-effects of antineoplastic treatment in childhood cancer survivors (CCS).
METHODS
A literature search was conducted for studies reporting on children aged 4-19 years treated for any type of malignancy up to the age of 15 years and for whom, at the time of the examination, more than 8 months have elapsed since the end of treatment. Data regarding dental late effects on teeth and craniofacial complex were collected and mean prevalence of each defect was reported.
RESULTS
From the 800 articles identified, 17 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria and were included. A total of 983 CCS were examined, with the total number of healthy controls being 1266 children. Haematological malignancy was the most prevalent diagnosis with the age at diagnosis ranging between 0-15 years. Multiple antineoplastic protocols were implemented with the elapsed time being 8 months up to 17 years. One-third of CCS experienced at least one late effect, with corresponding value for the control group being below 25%. Among the defects identified clinically, microdontia, hypodontia and enamel developmental defects were recorded in 1/4 of CCS. Impaired root growth and agenesis were the two defects mostly recorded radiographically. The effect on dental maturity and on salivary glands was unclear.
CONCLUSION
CCS are at risk of developing dental late effects because of their disease and its treatment and therefore, routine periodic examinations are essential to record their development and provide comprehensive oral healthcare.
PubMed: 38773051
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00896-5 -
Clinical Oral Investigations May 2024To explore the efficacy of Hyaluronic acid as an adjunctive in treatment of gingival recessions (GR). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To explore the efficacy of Hyaluronic acid as an adjunctive in treatment of gingival recessions (GR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed in several electronic databases, including Medline/ PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and LILACS. Recession improvement was evaluated through multiple outcome variables. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the ROBINS-I tool were used to assess the quality of the included trials. Weighted Mean Differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between test and control sites were estimated through meta-analysis using a random-effect model for the amount of Relative Root Coverage (RRC).
RESULTS
A total of 3 randomised studies were deemed as eligible for inclusion. Their data were also used for pooling the effect estimates. Overall analysis of RRC (3 studies) presented a WMD of 7.49% (p = 0.42; 95% CIs -10.88, 25.86) in favour of adjunctive use of hyaluronic acid during Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) technique, although statistical significance was not reached. Statistical heterogeneity was found to be high (I = 80%).
CONCLUSIONS
Within their limitations, the present data indicate that the local application of Hyaluronic acid does not lead to additional clinical benefits when used as an adjunctive to the treatment of GR with CAF. However, due to the high heterogeneity among the studies, additional well-designed RCTs are needed to provide further evidence on this clinical indication for the use of Hyaluronic acid.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In the frame of the current review, the adjunctive use of Hyaluronic acid does not additionally improve the clinical outcomes obtained during treatment of GR with CAF.
Topics: Hyaluronic Acid; Humans; Gingival Recession; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 38771388
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05701-7 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2024Offshore wind energy developments in European waters are rapidly expanding to meet the increasing global demand for renewable energy. These developments provide new... (Review)
Review
Offshore wind energy developments in European waters are rapidly expanding to meet the increasing global demand for renewable energy. These developments provide new substrates for species colonisation, but also introduce changes in electromagnetic fields, noise levels, and hydrological conditions. Understanding how these man-made structures affect marine biodiversity across various species groups is crucial, yet our knowledge in this field remains incomplete. In this synthesis paper, based on 14 case studies conducted in northeastern Atlantic (North, Irish and Baltic seas), we aggregated species-level data on abundance, biomass, and other quantity proxies spanning the entire food chain from invertebrates to mammals, and compared these variables between wind farms and nearby control sites. Overall, our analysis revealed that in wind farm areas, species tend to occur at higher quantities than in control areas. Additionally, we noticed a slight trend where the positive effect of wind farms was more pronounced in newly established ones, gradually diminishing as wind farms aged. None of the tested covariates (depth, distance from coastline, years in commission) nor species' characteristics (habitat and spawning types, trophic level) showed statistical significance. When examining species groups individually, there was a tendency for wind farm areas to harbour higher quantities of polychaetes, echinoderms and demersal fishes. These findings suggest that wind farms contribute to the so-called reef-effect, providing shelter and food supplies to their inhabitants and acting as no-take-zones. Our results support the idea that wind farms could serve as zones of increased local biodiversity, potentially facilitating spillover effects to nearby areas for certain species groups. Further studies are necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the adverse effects of wind farms on associated biodiversity, while also exploring avenues to amplify their positive impacts.
Topics: Biodiversity; Wind; Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Environmental Monitoring; Renewable Energy; Ecosystem
PubMed: 38768731
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173241 -
Chinese Journal of Traumatology =... Apr 2024To methodically assess the effectiveness of augmentative plating (AP) and exchange nailing (EN) in managing nonunion following intramedullary nailing for long bone...
Effectiveness and safety of augmentative plating technique in managing nonunion following intramedullary nailing of long bones in the lower extremity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PURPOSE
To methodically assess the effectiveness of augmentative plating (AP) and exchange nailing (EN) in managing nonunion following intramedullary nailing for long bone fractures of the lower extremity.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to gather clinical studies regarding the use of AP and EN techniques in the treatment of nonunion following intramedullary nailing of lower extremity long bones. The search was conducted up until May 2023. The original studies underwent an independent assessment of their quality, a process conducted utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were retrieved from these studies, and meta-analysis was executed utilizing Review Manager 5.3.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis included 8 studies involving 661 participants, with 305 in the AP group and 356 in the EN group. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that the AP group exhibited a higher rate of union (odds ratio: 8.61, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.12 - 17.99, p < 0.001), shorter union time (standardized mean difference (SMD): -1.08, 95 % CI: -1.79 - -0.37, p = 0.003), reduced duration of the surgical procedure (SMD: -0.56, 95 % CI: -0.93 - -0.19, p = 0.003), less bleeding (SMD: -1.5, 95 % CI: -2.81 - -0.18), p = 0.03), and a lower incidence of complications (relative risk: -0.17, 95 % CI: -0.27 - -0.06, p = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the time for union in the AP group in nonisthmal and isthmal nonunion of lower extremity long bones was shorter compared to the EN group (nonisthmal SMD: -1.94, 95 % CI: -3.28 - -0.61, p < 0.001; isthmal SMD: -1.08, 95 % CI: -1.64 - -0.52, p = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
In the treatment of nonunion in diaphyseal fractures of the long bones in the lower extremity, the AP approach is superior to EN, both intraoperatively (with reduced duration of the surgical procedure and diminished blood loss) and postoperatively (with an elevated union rate, shorter union time, and lower incidence of complications). Specifically, in the management of nonunion of lower extremity long bones with non-isthmal and isthmal intramedullary nails, AP demonstrated shorter union time in comparison to EN.
PubMed: 38762419
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2024.04.004 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2024Several meta-analyses assessed the relationship between exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM) during pregnancy and birth weight (BW), but results... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Several meta-analyses assessed the relationship between exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM) during pregnancy and birth weight (BW), but results were inconsistent and substantial unexplained heterogeneity was reported. We aimed to investigate the above association and to explore sources of heterogeneity across studies.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed the current worldwide evidence examining the association between PM and BW. The review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO website (CRD42020188996) and followed PRISMA guidelines. We extracted association measures for BW and low birth weight (LBW, BW < 2500 g) from each study to evaluate pooled summary measures and to explore sources of between-study heterogeneity.
FINDINGS
Of the 2677 articles identified, 84 met the inclusion criteria (~42 M births). Our random effects meta-analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity among included studies (I = 98.4 % and I = 77.7 %, for BW and LBW respectively). For LBW, the heterogeneity decreased (I = 59.7 %) after excluding four outlying studies, with a pooled odds ratio 1.07 (95 % confidence interval, CI: 1.05, 1.09) per a 10-μg/m increase in mean PM exposure over the entire pregnancy. Further subgroup analysis revealed geographic heterogeneity with higher association in Europe (1.34, (1.16, 1.55)) compared to Asia (1.06, (1.03, 1.10)) and US (1.07, (1.04, 1.10)).
CONCLUSION
The association between PM and birth weight varied depending on several factors. The sources of heterogeneity between studies included modifiers such as study region and period. Hence, it is advisable not to pool summary measures of PM-BW associations and that policy would be informed by local evidence.
Topics: Pregnancy; Particulate Matter; Female; Humans; Birth Weight; Maternal Exposure; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Low Birth Weight
PubMed: 38754513
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173205 -
Intensive & Critical Care Nursing Aug 2024Patients in intensive care units (ICU) are at an increased risk of pressure injuries. In ICUs, specialised support surfaces are an intervention often used to prevent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Patients in intensive care units (ICU) are at an increased risk of pressure injuries. In ICUs, specialised support surfaces are an intervention often used to prevent pressure injuries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of different specialised support surface modes for preventing pressure injuries to adult ICU patients.
METHODS
Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, EBSCO CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov and eligible paper references were searched for appropriate studies. Studies were included if they investigated both dynamic support surface modes low-air-loss (LAL) and alternating pressure (AP), involved adult ICU patients (≥18 years old), and investigated pressure injury incidence. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) checklists were used for reporting and quality assessment. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95 % Confidence Intervals (CIs) were used to summarise pressure injury incidence. The pooled RR was calculated with the random-effects model using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Further secondary analysis examined length of stay (LoS) and severity of illness.
RESULTS
The four included studies involved 3,308 patients. These studies were heterogeneous in design. When AP surface mode was compared with LAL surface mode, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of pressure injury (8.9 % versus 10.9 %, RR 0.64). Mattress mode also had no direct association with length of stay and severity of illness.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and meta-analysis found no significant difference in the effectiveness of LAL and AP support surface modes in preventing pressure injuries in adult ICU patients.
IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
Clinicians should remember that mattresses are just one element within strategies to prevent pressure injuries in ICUs. The equivocal findings of this systematic review highlight the complexity of preventing pressure injuries and underscore the importance of holistic nursing care.
Topics: Humans; Pressure Ulcer; Intensive Care Units; Beds
PubMed: 38749261
DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103713 -
Environment International Jun 2024The intensification of microplastics (MPs) pollution has emerged as a formidable environmental challenge, with profound global implications. The pervasive presence of... (Review)
Review
The intensification of microplastics (MPs) pollution has emerged as a formidable environmental challenge, with profound global implications. The pervasive presence of MPs across a multitude of environmental mediums, such as the atmosphere, soil, and oceans, extends to commonplace items, culminating in widespread human ingestion and accumulation via channels like food, water, and air. In the domestic realm, kitchens have become significant epicenters for MPs pollution. A plethora of kitchen utensils, encompassing coated non-stick pans, plastic cutting boards, and disposable utensils, are known to release substantial quantities of MPs particles in everyday use, which can then be ingested alongside food. This paper conducts a thorough examination of contemporary research addressing the release of MPs from kitchen utensils during usage and focuses on the health risks associated with MPs ingestion, as well as the myriad factors influencing the release of MPs in kitchen utensils. Leveraging the insights derived from this analysis, this paper proposes a series of strategic recommendations and measures targeted at mitigating the production of MPs in kitchen settings. These initiatives are designed not solely to diminish the release of MPs but also to enhance public awareness regarding this pressing environmental concern. By adopting more informed practices in kitchens, we can significantly contribute to the reduction of the environmental burden of MPs pollution, thus safeguarding both human health and the ecological system.
Topics: Microplastics; Humans; Cooking and Eating Utensils; Environmental Pollution; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 38749117
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108740