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International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022In healthy women, the cervicovaginal microbiota is characterized by the predominance of spp., whereas the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria leads to dysbiosis, known to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In healthy women, the cervicovaginal microbiota is characterized by the predominance of spp., whereas the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria leads to dysbiosis, known to increase the risk of acquiring genital infections like . In the last decade, a growing body of research has investigated the composition of the cervicovaginal microbiota associated with chlamydial infection via 16s rDNA sequencing, with contrasting results. A systematic review and a meta-analysis, performed on the alpha-diversity indices, were conducted to summarize the scientific evidence on the cervicovaginal microbiota composition in infection. Databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched with the following strategy: "Chlamydia trachomatis" AND "micro*". The diversity indices considered for the meta-analysis were Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) number, Chao1, phylogenetic diversity whole tree, Shannon's, Pielou's and Simpson's diversity indexes. The search yielded 425 abstracts for initial review, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. The results suggested that the cervicovaginal microbiota in -positive women was characterized by dominance, or by a diverse mix of facultative or strict anaerobes. The meta-analysis, instead, did not show any difference in the microbial biodiversity between -positive and healthy women. Additional research is clearly required to deepen our knowledge on the interplay between the resident microflora and in the genital microenvironment.
Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Microbiota; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vagina
PubMed: 36076948
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179554 -
Nutrients Jul 2022Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasingly... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasingly more evidence has shown that the senescence of vascular endothelial cells is the key to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Anthocyanin is a type of water-soluble polyphenol pigment and secondary metabolite of plant-based food widely existing in fruits and vegetables. The gut microbiome is involved in the metabolism of anthocyanins and mediates the biological activities of anthocyanins and their metabolites, while anthocyanins also regulate the growth of specific bacteria in the microbiota and promote the proliferation of healthy anaerobic flora. Accumulating studies have shown that anthocyanins have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. Many animal and in vitro experiments have also proven that anthocyanins have protective effects on cardiovascular-disease-related dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin in eliminating aging endothelial cells and preventing cardiovascular diseases is very complex and is not fully understood. In this systematic review, we summarize the metabolism and activities of anthocyanins, as well as their effects on scavenging senescent cells and cardioprotection.
Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Endothelial Cells; Vegetables
PubMed: 35889793
DOI: 10.3390/nu14142836 -
Microorganisms Jun 2022(1) Background: Periimplantitis is an infectious condition that affects the periimplant tissue and is of bacterial etiology. However, to date, the exact bacterial flora...
(1) Background: Periimplantitis is an infectious condition that affects the periimplant tissue and is of bacterial etiology. However, to date, the exact bacterial flora involved in its occurrence is not known. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the articles published on this topic and to identify the main bacterial species isolated in periimplantitis. (2) Methods: The articles published in three databases were researched: Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science using Prisma guides and combinations of MeSH terms. We selected 25 items from the 980 found by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. (3) Results: We quantified the results of the 25 studies included in this review. In general, the most commonly identified bacterial species were Gram-negative anaerobic species, as , , and . (4) Conclusion: The most frequent bacteria in the periimplantitis sites identified in this review are Gram-negative anaerobic species, also involved in the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease.
PubMed: 35744750
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061232 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified the effects of various vegetable oil-based nanoemulsion (NE) formulations on muscle foods' microbial and chemical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified the effects of various vegetable oil-based nanoemulsion (NE) formulations on muscle foods' microbial and chemical quality by estimating the weighted overall response ratio (). Treatment of muscle foods with NE formulations reduced the growth rates of total mesophilic bacteria, total psychrophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and by 26.2% (=0.738), 19% (=0.810), 44.7% (=0.553), and 31.8% (=0.682) during the storage period, respectively. Moreover, the NE formulations retarded the increasing rates of volatile basic-nitrogen content, lipid and protein oxidation, and lipid hydrolysis by 41.4% (=0.586), 34% (=0.660), 55% (=0.450), and 37.1% (=0.629), respectively. The NE formulations prepared from safflower, olive, canola, and sunflower oil were more effective than the other vegetable oils to control microbial growth and slow down chemical changes in muscle foods. The combination of nanoemulsions (NEs) and essential oils (EOs) was more efficient than NEs to preserve muscle foods. Packaging NE-treated muscle foods under anaerobic conditions provided better control of microbial growth and chemical changes than packaging under aerobic conditions. Consequently, a combination of vegetable oil-based NEs and EOs followed by anaerobic packaging is the most effective treatment to improve the quality of muscle foods.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2057415 .
Topics: Plant Oils; Oils, Volatile; Muscles; Food; Food Preservation
PubMed: 35400244
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2057415 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021Bacterial meningitis in dogs and cats is a rare disease associated with a high lethality rate. The spectrum of causative bacteria includes a diverse set of gram...
Bacterial meningitis in dogs and cats is a rare disease associated with a high lethality rate. The spectrum of causative bacteria includes a diverse set of gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic species. Currently, no veterinary medicinal product is approved for this indication in these species in Europe. The objective of this review was to collect the available pharmacokinetic data for antibiotics approved in dogs and cats to enable a preliminary analysis of their potential effectiveness for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. This analysis yielded data for 13 different antibiotics in dogs and two in cats. Additionally, data about frequently recommended cephalosporines not approved in dogs and cats were included. The collected data was used to assess the potential of the respective antibiotics to attain certain simple pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) indexes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A more sophisticated investigation using modern methods was not possible due to the limited data available. For this purpose, data about the sensitivity of four bacterial species commonly associated with meningitis in dogs and cats to these antibiotics were included. The analysis provided evidence for the potential effectiveness of ampicillin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, ceftriaxone and cefoxitin against bacteria frequently detected in bacterial meningitis in dogs. Data were not available or insufficient for the assessment of several antibiotics, including frequently recommended substances like metronidazole and trimethoprim-sulphonamide. Little evidence is available for the use of antibiotics in cats afflicted with this disease, highlighting the need for further research to obtain data for evidence based therapeutic recommendations.
PubMed: 35118150
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.769588 -
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and... Jan 2022The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available scientific evidence to validate the use of diode laser treatment as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available scientific evidence to validate the use of diode laser treatment as monotherapy for disinfection of root canals during endodontic treatment. Root canal disinfection is an integral step in successful endodontic therapy. Evidence suggests better clinical outcomes when diode laser treatment is opted as compared with conventional, root canal disinfection/irrigation protocols. However, there is currently no standard protocol for the use of diode lasers in disinfection of root canals. Four electronic databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, were systematically searched up to December 2020 to identify studies addressing the therapeutic efficacy of dental diode lasers in endodontic root canal disinfection as monotherapy. Two examiners assessed the eligibility and quality of relevant studies, and interobserver agreement was reached for each included study. The effect of laser treatment in reduction of bacterial growth (both aerobic and anaerobic) was studied and an appropriate forest plot was prepared. A meta-analysis of similar studies was performed by calculating the pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval using a random-effects model. Six and nine articles were included in the quantitative and qualitative analyses, respectively. Although moderate to high risk of bias was detected, high heterogeneity was found among the studies. Statistically significant reduction of microorganisms was observed when diode laser treatment was used for root canal disinfection; however, a small number of reported randomized clinical trials in humans with small sample sizes and high heterogeneity provide insufficient support toward its efficacy. There was no concluding evidence grade for recommendation of laser monotherapy for infected root canals. This does not necessarily invalidate the effect of laser therapy, but instead underscores the need for future high-quality studies.
Topics: Dental Pulp Cavity; Disinfection; Humans; Lasers, Semiconductor; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 34936823
DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0073 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2022Emerging pollutants (EPs) create a worldwide concern owing to their low concentration and severe toxicity to the receptors. The prominent emerging pollutants categories... (Review)
Review
Emerging pollutants (EPs) create a worldwide concern owing to their low concentration and severe toxicity to the receptors. The prominent emerging pollutants categories as pharmaceutical and personal care product, plasticizer, surfactants, and persistent organic pollutants. Typically, EPs are widely disseminated in the aquatic ecosystem and capable of perturbing the physiology of water bodies as well as humans. The primary sources of EPs in the environment include anthropogenic release, atmospheric deposition, untreated or substandard treated wastewater, and extreme weather events. Intensive research has been done covering the environmental distribution, ecological disturbance, fate, and removal of EPs in the past decades. However, a systematic review on the distribution of EPs in the engineered and natural aquatic environment and the degradation of different EPs by using anaerobic sludge, aerobic bacteria, and isolated strains are limited. This review article aims to highlight the importance, application, and future perceptions of using different microbes to degrade EPs. Overall, this review article illustrates the superiority of using non-cultivable and cultivable microbes to degrade the EPs as an eco-friendly approach. Practically, the outcomes of this review paper will build up the knowledge base solutions to remove EPs from the wastewater.
Topics: Ecosystem; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Sewage; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34838908
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151926 -
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 2021Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment of recurrent infection (rCDI) and is being applied experimentally in other diseases. Encapsulated...
BACKGROUND
Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment of recurrent infection (rCDI) and is being applied experimentally in other diseases. Encapsulated administration may be equivalent in efficacy to delivery through other routes.
METHODS
A systematic review was undertaken of studies using encapsulated FMT up to 26 October 2020. Data on indication, clinical outcomes, safety, treatment protocol and capsule preparation were collected and reported. Pooled rates of clinical efficacy in rCDI were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. The impact of single variables on clinical efficacy was evaluated using univariate meta-regression.
RESULTS
A total of 35 studies reporting the treatment of 960 patients with encapsulated FMT for eight different indications met the inclusion criteria. Most studies ( = 18, 51%) and patients ( = 755, 79%) were from studies on rCDI. Cure rates after single and multiple courses of treatments with encapsulated FMT in rCDI were 85% (95% CI: 82%-88%) and 93% (95% CI: 88%-96%) respectively. The treatment outcome was not significantly affected by dose, number of delivered capsules, anaerobic/aerobic processing, single/multi-donor treatment, lyophilisation, or any other single factor in the production or delivery of encapsulated FMT. Promising but non-comparable results from the treatment of ulcerative colitis and multidrug-resistant organisms were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
Encapsulated FMT is an effective and safe treatment of rCDI, with cure rates comparable to FMT delivered through other routes. The treatment is effective despite variations in donor screening, preparation and treatment protocol. For other indications, the role of FMT capsules is still not sufficiently examined, although some studies show promising results.
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY
The bacteria and other microorganisms of the gut is different in patient with various diseases in comparison with healthy subjects.Therefore, ways to change the microorganisms of the gut in a beneficial direction has been the subject of various research projects within recent years.Faecal microbiota transplantation often referred as FMT is a method of transferring microorganisms from healthy donors to patients with various diseases and is seen as one way to change the microbial community of the gut in a beneficial direction.Faecal microbiota transplantation can be performed in different ways such as through endoscopy, enemas or capsules. The transfer through capsules is preferred by the patients and has advantages since it can be administered long-term and can be delivered to the patients in their home. In this paper, we evaluated all accessible research reporting treatment with encapsulated faecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of various diseases. We report the following major findings:-Treatment with capsules is safe when guidelines for screening donors and testing faecal material is followed.-The treatment is highly effective in the treatment of recurrent infection, a disease with high mortality often caused by repeated antibiotic treatments. The treatment was effective in 596 of 723 patients following one course of capsule treatment.-Faecal microbiota transplantation delivered through capsules is as effective as treatment delivered through other routes in the treatment of infection.-The treatment is effective in the treatment of infection across studies and countries, despite great differences in the ways the capsules were prepared and delivered.-Increasing the amount of faecal material used in the production did not affect the efficacy of the treatment.-There are promising results in the treatment of other diseases such as liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease and the treatment of multi-drug resistant bacteria.
PubMed: 34484424
DOI: 10.1177/17562848211041004 -
PloS One 2021Fungal infections are common on oral mucosae, but their role in other oral sites is ill defined. Over the last few decades, numerous studies have reported the presence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Fungal infections are common on oral mucosae, but their role in other oral sites is ill defined. Over the last few decades, numerous studies have reported the presence of fungi, particularly Candida species in endodontic infections, albeit in relatively small numbers in comparison to its predominant anaerobic bacteriome. Here, we review the fungal biome of primary and secondary endodontic infections, with particular reference to the prevalence and behavior of Candida species. Meta-analysis of the available data from a total of 39 studies fitting the inclusion criteria, indicate the overall weighted mean prevalence (WMP) of fungal species in endodontic infections to be 9.11% (from a cumulative total of 2003 samples), with 9.0% in primary (n = 1341), and 9.3% in secondary infections (n = 662). Nevertheless, WMP for fungi in primary and secondary infections which were 6.3% and 7.5% for culture-based studies, increased to 12.5% and 16.0% in molecular studies, respectively. The most prevalent fungal species was Candida spp. The high heterogeneity in the reported fungal prevalence suggests the need for standardized sampling, and speciation methods. The advent of the new molecular biological analytical platforms, such as the next generation sequencing (NGS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), that enables identification and quantitation of a broad spectrum of hitherto unknown organisms in endodontic infections should radically alter our understanding of the endodontic mycobiome in the future. Candida spp. appear to be co-pathogens with bacteria in approximately one in ten patients with endodontic infections. Hence, clinicians should comprehend the importance and the role of fungi in endodontic infections and be cognizant of the need to eradicate both bacteria and fungi for successful therapy.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Candida; Candidiasis; Dental Pulp Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 34293029
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255003 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Apr 2022Odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) can cause infectious orbital, intracranial, and osseous complications. Diagnosis and management of complicated ODS have not been discussed in...
OBJECTIVE
Odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) can cause infectious orbital, intracranial, and osseous complications. Diagnosis and management of complicated ODS have not been discussed in recent sinusitis guidelines. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe epidemiological and clinical features, as well as management strategies of complicated ODS.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library.
REVIEW METHODS
A systematic review was performed to describe various features of complicated ODS. All complicated ODS studies were included in qualitative analysis, but studies were only included in quantitative analysis if they reported specific patient-level data.
RESULTS
Of 1126 studies identified, 75 studies with 110 complicated ODS cases were included in qualitative analysis, and 47 studies with 62 orbital and intracranial complications were included in quantitative analyses. About 70% of complicated ODS cases were orbital complications. Only 23% of complicated ODS studies were published in otolaryngology journals. Regarding ODS-related orbital and intracranial complications, about 80% occurred in adults, and 75% were male. Complicated ODS occurred most commonly from apical periodontitis of maxillary molars. There were no relationships between sinusitis extent and orbital or intracranial complications. High rates of anaerobic and α-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria were identified in complicated ODS. Management generally included systemic antibiotics covering aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and surgical interventions were generally performed to address both the complications (orbital and/or intracranial) and possible infectious sources (dentition and sinuses).
CONCLUSION
ODS should be considered in all patients with infectious extrasinus complications. Multidisciplinary management between otolaryngologists, dental specialists, ophthalmologists, and neurosurgeons should be considered to optimize outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Male; Orbital Diseases; Otolaryngologists; Otolaryngology; Paranasal Sinuses; Sinusitis
PubMed: 34253072
DOI: 10.1177/01945998211026268