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Nutrients Jun 2024The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any biological/biochemical index, quality of life (QoL), and depression in breast, lung, colon and rectum, prostate, stomach, and liver cancer patients and/or cancer survivors.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken, using PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. The systematic review protocol can be found in the PROSPERO database; registration number: CRD42023481429.
RESULTS
We found moderate-quality evidence that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and nutrition/diet reduced body mass index, body weight, fat mass, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and depression, while it increased high-density lipoprotein, the physical component of QoL, and general functional assessment of cancer therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and diet/nutrition may decrease body weight, fat mass, insulin levels, and inflammation, and improve lipidemic profile, the physical component of QoL, and depression in cancer patients and survivors. These outcomes indicate a lower risk for carcinogenesis; however, their applicability depends on the heterogeneity of the population and interventions, as well as the potential medical treatment of cancer patients and survivors.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Exercise; Quality of Life; Cancer Survivors; Diet; Depression; Male; Body Mass Index; Female
PubMed: 38892682
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111749 -
Nutrients May 2024Self-reported measures of height and weight are often used in large epidemiological studies. However, concerns remain regarding the validity and reliability of these... (Review)
Review
Validity of Measured vs. Self-Reported Weight and Height and Practical Considerations for Enhancing Reliability in Clinical and Epidemiological Studies: A Systematic Review.
Self-reported measures of height and weight are often used in large epidemiological studies. However, concerns remain regarding the validity and reliability of these self-reported measures. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise and evaluate the comparative validity of measured and self-reported weight and height data and to recommend strategies to improve the reliability of self-reported-data collection across studies. This systematic review adopted the PRISMA guidelines. Four online sources, including PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and CINAHL, were utilised. A total of 17,800 articles were screened, and 10 studies were eligible to be included in the SLR based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings from the studies revealed good agreement between measured and self-reported weight and height based on intra-class correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. Overall, measured weight and height had higher validity and reliability (ICC > 0.9; LOA < 1 SD). However, due to biases such as social pressure and self-esteem issues, women underreported their weight, while men overreported their height. In essence, self-reported measures remain valuable indicators to supplement the restricted direct anthropometric data, particularly in large-scale surveys. However, it is essential to address potential sources of bias.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Self Report; Body Weight; Body Height; Female; Male; Epidemiologic Studies; Adult
PubMed: 38892637
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111704 -
PloS One 2024Obesity and physical inactivity among children and young people are public health concerns. Despite the wide variety of interventions available to promote physical...
BACKGROUND
Obesity and physical inactivity among children and young people are public health concerns. Despite the wide variety of interventions available to promote physical activity, little is known about which interventions are most effective. This review aimed to evaluate the existing literature on school-based interventions that aim to increase physical activity among children and young people aged 6 to 18 years.
METHODS
A systematic review of reviews was undertaken. We searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between December 2017 and January 2024 using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers, who also conducted data extraction and quality assessments. We focused on outcomes like changes in physical activity levels and body mass index to assess the effectiveness of the interventions.
RESULTS
A total of 23 reviews examining school-based physical activity interventions met the inclusion criteria, comprising 15 systematic reviews and 8 meta-analyses. All reviews (N = 23) were implemented in the school setting: three in primary schools, seven in secondary schools, and thirteen targeted both primary and secondary schools. The findings demonstrated that six reviews reported a statistical increase in physical activity levels among the target population, and one review found a decrease in body mass index. The most promising interventions focused on physical activity included within the school curriculum and were characterised as long-term interventions. 20 out of 23 reviews assessed the quality of primary studies.
CONCLUSION
Some interventions were promising in promoting physical activity among school-aged children and young people such as Daily Mile, Active Break, and Active transport while multi-component interventions seem to be positively effective in reducing BMI. Future efforts should focus on long-term, theory-driven programmes to ensure sustainable increases in physical activity.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Child; Adolescent; Schools; Health Promotion; Body Mass Index; School Health Services
PubMed: 38870155
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304513 -
Journal of Robotic Surgery Jun 2024Even though robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) is superior to open surgery in reducing postoperative complications, 6-20% of patients still... (Review)
Review
Even though robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) is superior to open surgery in reducing postoperative complications, 6-20% of patients still experience urinary incontinence (UI) after surgery. Therefore, many researchers have established predictive models for UI occurrence after RARP, but the predictive performance of these models is inconsistent. This study aims to systematically review and critically evaluate the published prediction models of UI risk for patients after RARP. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. Literature published from inception to March 20, 2024, which reported the development and/or validation of clinical prediction models for the occurrence of UI after RARP. We identified seven studies with eight models that met our inclusion criteria. Most of the studies used logistic regression models to predict the occurrence of UI after RARP. The most common predictors included age, body mass index, and nerve sparing procedure. The model performance ranged from poor to good, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranging from 0.64 to 0.98 in studies. All the studies have a high risk of bias. Despite their potential for predicting UI after RARP, clinical prediction models are restricted by their limited accuracy and high risk of bias. In the future, the study design should be improved, the potential predictors should be considered from larger and representative samples comprehensively, and high-quality risk prediction models should be established. And externally validating models performance to enhance their clinical accuracy and applicability.
Topics: Humans; Prostatectomy; Urinary Incontinence; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Male; Laparoscopy; Postoperative Complications; ROC Curve; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38869689
DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-02009-2 -
Journal of Neuroengineering and... Jun 2024Body weight support (BWS) training devices are frequently used to improve gait in individuals with neurological impairments, but guidance in selecting an appropriate... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Body weight support (BWS) training devices are frequently used to improve gait in individuals with neurological impairments, but guidance in selecting an appropriate level of BWS is limited. Here, we aim to describe the initial BWS levels used during gait training, the rationale for this selection and the clinical goals aligned with BWS training for different diagnoses.
METHOD
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, including terms related to the population (individuals with neurological disorders), intervention (BWS training) and outcome (gait). Information on patient characteristics, type of BWS device, BWS level and training goals was extracted from the included articles.
RESULTS
Thirty-three articles were included, which described outcomes using frame-based (stationary or mobile) and unidirectional ceiling-mounted devices on four diagnoses (multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI)). The BWS levels were highest for individuals with MS (median: 75%, IQR: 6%), followed by SCI (median: 40%, IQR: 35%), stroke (median: 30%, IQR: 4.75%) and TBI (median: 15%, IQR: 0%). The included studies reported eleven different training goals. Reported BWS levels ranged between 30 and 75% for most of the training goals, without a clear relationship between BWS level, diagnosis, training goal and rationale for BWS selection. Training goals were achieved in all included studies.
CONCLUSION
Initial BWS levels differ considerably between studies included in this review. The underlying rationale for these differences was not clearly motivated in the included studies. Variation in study designs and populations does not allow to draw a conclusion on the effectiveness of BWS levels. Hence, it remains difficult to formulate guidelines on optimal BWS settings for different diagnoses, BWS devices and training goals. Further efforts are required to establish clinical guidelines and to experimentally investigate which initial BWS levels are optimal for specific diagnoses and training goals.
Topics: Humans; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Body Weight; Gait
PubMed: 38849899
DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01389-8 -
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic... Jun 2024The association between obesity and graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting has not been previously investigated. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The association between obesity and graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting has not been previously investigated.
METHODS
We pooled individual patient data from randomized clinical trials with systematic postoperative coronary imaging to evaluate the association between obesity and graft failure at the individual graft and patient levels. Penalized cubic regression splines and mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression models were performed.
RESULTS
Six trials comprising 3928 patients and 12 048 grafts were included. The median time to imaging was 1.03 (interquartile range 1.00-1.09) years. By body mass index (BMI) category, 800 (20.4%) patients were normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), 1668 (42.5%) were overweight (BMI 25-29.9), 983 (25.0%) were obesity class 1 (BMI 30-34.9), 344 (8.8%) were obesity class 2 (BMI 35-39.9) and 116 (2.9%) were obesity class 3 (BMI 40+). As a continuous variable, BMI was associated with reduced graft failure [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.98 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-0.99)] at the individual graft level. Compared to normal weight patients, graft failure at the individual graft level was reduced in overweight [aOR 0.79 (95% CI 0.64-0.96)], obesity class 1 [aOR 0.81 (95% CI 0.64-1.01)] and obesity class 2 [aOR 0.61 (95% CI 0.45-0.83)] patients, but not different compared to obesity class 3 [aOR 0.94 (95% CI 0.62-1.42)] patients. Findings were similar, but did not reach significance, at the patient level.
CONCLUSIONS
In a pooled individual patient data analysis of randomized clinical trials, BMI and obesity appear to be associated with reduced graft failure at 1 year after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Body Mass Index; Coronary Artery Bypass; Obesity; Overweight; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38830050
DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezae221 -
The Journal of Evidence-based Dental... Jun 2024Artificial Intelligence for Detecting Cephalometric Landmarks: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Digit Imaging. 2023 Jun;36(3):1158-1179.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Artificial Intelligence for Detecting Cephalometric Landmarks: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Digit Imaging. 2023 Jun;36(3):1158-1179. doi:10.1007/s10278-022-00766-w.
SOURCE OF FUNDING
The study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamentode Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001.
TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Cephalometry; Humans; Anatomic Landmarks; Artificial Intelligence
PubMed: 38821652
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2023.101965 -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Dec 2024To analyze differences in the menstrual pattern, age at menarche, and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents with Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) axis immaturity and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To analyze differences in the menstrual pattern, age at menarche, and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents with Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) axis immaturity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, Scopus databases were searched using combinations of descriptors. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. For data analysis, the results were grouped into PCOS group and NPCOS group (HPO axis immaturity). We performed a meta-analysis of raw data and the inverse variance method, employing the standardized mean difference, of the age at menarche and BMI of adolescents.
RESULTS
Participants totaled 1,718 from nine selected studies. The meta-analysis showed that the PCOS group had a higher BMI than the NPCOS group (SMD 0.334; CI95% 0.073 - 0.595; = .012). The degree of heterogeneity of the studies was approximately 40%. No significant difference in age at menarche (SMD - 0.027; CI95% -0.227 - 0.172; = 0.790) and menstrual patterns was found, but amenorrhea was described only in adolescents with PCOS.
CONCLUSIONS
The main characteristic in menstrual pattern that differentiated PCOS patients from girls with HPO axis immaturity was amenorrhea. Also, the BMI of PCOS patients was nearly one third higher than that of adolescents with HPO axis immaturity.
Topics: Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Female; Adolescent; Menarche; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Body Mass Index; Ovary; Menstrual Cycle
PubMed: 38818646
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2360077 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... May 2024There is a lack of relevant studies to grade the evidence on the risk factors of chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and only quantitative methods are used...
BACKGROUND
There is a lack of relevant studies to grade the evidence on the risk factors of chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and only quantitative methods are used for systematic evaluation. The review aimed to systematically identify risk factors of chronic postoperative pain following TKA and to evaluate the strength of the evidence underlying these correlations.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched from initiation to September 2023. Cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies involving patients undergoing total knee replacement were included. A semi-quantitative approach was used to grade the strength of the evidence-based on the number of investigations, the quality of the studies, and the consistency of the associations reported by the studies.
RESULTS
Thirty-two articles involving 18,792 patients were included in the final systematic review. Ten variables were found to be strongly associated with postoperative pain, including Age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities condition, preoperative pain, chronic widespread pain, preoperative adverse health beliefs, preoperative sleep disorders, central sensitization, preoperative anxiety, and preoperative function. Sixteen factors were identified as inconclusive evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review clarifies which risk factors could be involved in future research on TKA pain management for surgeons and patients. It highlights those factors that have been controversial or weakly correlated, emphasizing the need for further high-quality studies to validate them. Most crucially, it can furnish clinicians with vital information regarding high-risk patients and their clinical attributes, thereby aiding in the development of preventive strategies to mitigate postoperative pain following TKA.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This systematic review has been registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42023444097).
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Humans; Pain, Postoperative; Risk Factors; Chronic Pain; Body Mass Index; Female; Age Factors; Male; Aged; Sleep Wake Disorders; Middle Aged; Comorbidity; Anxiety
PubMed: 38811979
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04778-w -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Poor body image is a potent risk factor for disordered eating and eating disorders. Athletes are a population at increased risk for eating disorders despite reports of...
INTRODUCTION
Poor body image is a potent risk factor for disordered eating and eating disorders. Athletes are a population at increased risk for eating disorders despite reports of lower body image concerns compared to non-athletes. Body size and composition may influence an athlete's susceptibility to poor body image.
METHODS
Five electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) were searched to systematically evaluate the literature regarding the association between body measures (i.e., anthropometric and body composition indicators) and body image in athletes. The systematic review was completed following PRISMA guidelines and 27 cross-sectional studies were identified for inclusion and evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies.
RESULTS
Studies differed in methodological assessment of anthropometry or body composition (i.e., self-reported versus researcher-measured), methods for evaluating aspects of body image, geographic location, and sport type. Higher body mass index (BMI) or percent body fat (%BF) was significantly associated with greater body dissatisfaction in 16 of 22 studies (72.7%). Positive associations between body measures and aspects of negative body image were most consistently observed among studies that assessed BMI based on self-reported heights and weights, while significant associations between body composition measures (e.g., %BF, fat mass, fat-free mass) were less common. Four of seven studies assessing relationships between BMI and an aspect of positive body image reported significant inverse relationships, while three revealed insignificant associations.
DISCUSSION
Overall, higher BMI and body fat were associated with body dissatisfaction among athletes. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings within focused populations and utilizing body composition methods (e.g., bioelectrical impedance techniques).
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42023446518.
PubMed: 38803833
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1372331