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Nutrients Feb 2023The performance of male soccer players (MSP) depends on multiple factors such as body composition. The physical demands of modern soccer have changed, so the ideal body... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The performance of male soccer players (MSP) depends on multiple factors such as body composition. The physical demands of modern soccer have changed, so the ideal body composition (BC) requirements must be adapted to the present. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the anthropometric, BC, and somatotype characteristics of professional MSP and to compare the values reported according to the methods and equations used. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science following the PRISMA statement. Random-effects meta-analysis, a pooled summary of means, and 95% CI (method or equation) were calculated. Random models were used with the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method. Seventy-four articles were included in the systematic review and seventy-three in the meta-analysis. After comparing the groups according to the assessment method (kinanthropometry, bioimpedance, and densitometry), significant differences were found in height, fat mass in kilograms, fat mass percentage, and fat-free mass in kilograms ( = 0.001; < 0.0001). Taking into account the equation used to calculate the fat mass percentage and ∑skinfolds, significant differences were observed in the data reported according to groups ( < 0.001). Despite the limitations, this study provides useful information that could help medical technical staff to properly assess the BC of professional MSP, providing a range of guidance values for the different BC.
Topics: Humans; Male; Soccer; Body Composition; Anthropometry; Somatotypes
PubMed: 36904159
DOI: 10.3390/nu15051160 -
Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine :... Sep 2023To compare dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) in the assessment of body composition in athletes. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To compare dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) in the assessment of body composition in athletes.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted collating peer-reviewed studies that compared BIA with DXA for the assessment of body composition in athletes that indexed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases.
MAIN RESULTS
After duplicate removal, 267 articles remained for full-text screening. Sixty-three studies remained for the final inclusion, with 8 focused on athletes (n = 461). Five studies were included in the meta-analysis and were rated as positive after risk of bias assessment, whereas the remaining were neutral. BIA overestimated fat-free mass (FFM) over DXA 2.78 (1.38-4.18) (mean difference ± 95% CI) with an effect size of 3.9( P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
BIA was found to overestimate total FFM when compared with DXA. Correlations are high between BIA and DXA; however, the limits of agreement are wide. Hence, BIA may not be a suitable substitute for DXA body composition scanning of athletes. Because of the low level of ionizing radiation exposure, the use of DXA should always be medically justified, and therefore, it is not recommended for repeat, longitudinal measurements in healthy subjects.We recommend that clinicians do not use BIA interchangeably with DXA in the assessment of body composition in athletes. Considerations should be made over the safety and appropriateness of DXA in young healthy adults. For long-term use, BIA can be warranted for athletes.PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42020183777.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Absorptiometry, Photon; Electric Impedance; Body Composition; Bias; Athletes; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36853902
DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001136 -
Endocrine Jun 2023We reported a case with carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and made a systematic review of all previously reported cases.
PURPOSE
We reported a case with carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and made a systematic review of all previously reported cases.
METHODS
A 14.8-year-old boy underwent clinical, radiological, and genetic evaluations. The patients and five age-matched healthy boys accepted high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography evaluation. All CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia cases from PubMed and Embase were collected and summarized. The genotype-phenotype correlation was analyzed.
RESULTS
The proband complained of aggravated joint pain and had a compression fracture of L2 during his second decade. Physical examination showed a height Z score of -4.94, short limbs, and restricted movement of the elbows and knees. X-rays showed carpal epiphyseal dysplasia, enlargement of elbow and knee joints, and subluxation of the left hip. Echocardiography showed abnormal cardiac valves. Compared with the norm, his total and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), and the microarchitecture of the trabecular bone had trends to be worse at the distal radius and tibia. Two novel missense variants of c.1343T>G and c.761C>G in CHST3 were inherited from his father and mother, respectively. In the systematic review, short stature, limited joint extension, joint pain, and joint dislocation were the most common characteristics of this disorder. Height Z score and the proportion of hearing impairment had no significant differences between the missense and nonmissense mutations groups.
CONCLUSION
Progressive joint pain and movement restriction are the main characteristics of CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia. BMD and bone microarchitecture of this disorder needs further exploration. There is no apparent genotype-phenotype correlation in this disorder.
Topics: Humans; Osteochondrodysplasias; East Asian People; Bone Density; Radius; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 36729370
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03303-z -
Neuroendocrinology 2023Acromegaly is characterized by impaired bone quality and increased fracture risk. However, due to the pathophysiology of acromegalic osteopathy, bone mineral density... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Acromegaly is characterized by impaired bone quality and increased fracture risk. However, due to the pathophysiology of acromegalic osteopathy, bone mineral density (BMD) does not represent a reliable predictor for fragility fractures in this setting. Trabecular bone score (TBS) has been recently evaluated as an alternative index of skeletal fragility in acromegalic patients. However, no conclusive data are still available in this regard.
METHODS
PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched until June 2022 for studies reporting data either about the comparison of TBS values between acromegalic patients and non-acromegalic controls or about the relationship - within acromegalic patients - between TBS values and fracture risk. Effect sizes were pooled through a random-effect model.
RESULTS
Eight studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, encompassing 336 acromegalic patients and 490 non-acromegalic controls. Overall, TBS was significantly lower in acromegalic patients compared to controls (-0.089, 95% CI: [-0.111, -0.067], p < 0.01), irrespective of acromegaly disease activity and gonadal status. With respect to fracture risk, TBS was significantly lower in acromegalic patients with vertebral fractures than in those without (-0.099, 95% CI: [-0.166, -0.032], p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
In this meta-analysis, we specifically assessed the role of TBS as an index of bone quality and fracture risk in patients with acromegaly. Our results support the notion that TBS could be of value in the assessment and management of skeletal fragility in acromegalic patients, especially in light of the poor information provided in this setting by BMD.
Topics: Humans; Cancellous Bone; Acromegaly; Absorptiometry, Photon; Lumbar Vertebrae; Bone Density
PubMed: 36617407
DOI: 10.1159/000528199 -
Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine Apr 2023Osteoporosis has significant implications in spine fusion surgery, for which reduced spinal bone mineral density (BMD) can result in complications and poorer outcomes.... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Osteoporosis has significant implications in spine fusion surgery, for which reduced spinal bone mineral density (BMD) can result in complications and poorer outcomes. Currently, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard for radiographic diagnosis of osteoporosis, although DEXA accuracy may be limited by the presence of degenerative spinal pathology. In recent years, there has been an evolving interest in using alternative imaging, including CT and MRI, to assess BMD. In this systematic review of the literature, the authors assessed the use and effectiveness of MRI, opportunistic CT (oCT), and quantitative CT (qCT) to measure BMD.
METHODS
In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the authors conducted a systematic search for articles posted on PubMed between the years 2000 and 2022 by using the keywords "opportunistic CT, quantitative CT, MRI" AND "bone density" AND "spine." Inclusion criteria consisted of articles written in English that reported studies pertaining to human or cadaveric subjects, and studies including a measure of spinal BMD. Articles not related to spinal BMD, osteoporosis, or spinal surgery or reports of studies that did not include the use of spinal MRI or CT were excluded. Key study outcomes were extracted from included articles, and qualitative analysis was subsequently performed.
RESULTS
The literature search yielded 302 articles. Forty-two articles reported studies that met the final inclusion criteria. Eighteen studies utilized MRI protocols to correlate spinal BMD with vertebral bone quality scores, M-scores, and quantitative perfusion markers. Eight studies correlated oCT with spinal BMD, and 16 studies correlated qCT with spinal BMD. With oCT and qCT imaging, there was consensus that Hounsfield unit (HU) values > 160 demonstrated significant reduction in risk of osteoporosis, whereas HU values < 110 were significantly correlated with osteoporosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Osteoporosis is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor for complications after spinal fusion surgery. Consequently, preoperative assessment of BMD is a critical factor to consider in planning surgical treatment. Although DEXA has been the gold standard for BMD measurement, other imaging modalities, including MRI, oCT, and qCT, appear to be viable alternatives and may offer cost and time savings.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Absorptiometry, Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Osteoporosis; Spine; Lumbar Vertebrae; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36609369
DOI: 10.3171/2022.11.SPINE22875 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2023The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of GH treatment on the body composition of children born with SGA. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of GH treatment on the body composition of children born with SGA.
METHODS
This study is a systematic review of the literature. CINAHL, Embase; Medline/Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 2022.
RESULTS
Four studies met the inclusion criteria, with an intervention time of 1 to 3 years, using doses from 0.03 to 0.07 mg/kg/day of GH. Bone densitometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with whole-body scans was the most used method to assess body composition. Most studies (n = 3) had SGA children as a control group with the same characteristics as the case group; the mean age was similar between the groups (minimum of 5.1 ± 1.4 years and maximum of 6.7 ± 1 0.8 years) and all participants had an average height ≤ -3DP. The Lean Mass (LM) and Fat Mass (FM) outcomes of the studies were not presented in a standardized manner; thus, they cannot be compared. There was a significant increase in LM in the group treated with GH in relation to the pre-treatment period and in comparison, to the untreated control group. Three studies showed a significant decrease in FM at the end of the intervention period, and in two studies, this decrease occurred in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the differences in the presentation of results and in the evaluation periods, the results of the studies showed that growth hormone favors the gain and maintenance of lean mass, and it also affects fat mass reduction and redistribution.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Body Composition; Body Height; Gestational Age; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Infant; Adolescent
PubMed: 36584978
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.11.010 -
Indian Heart Journal 2023Heart Failure (HF) is emerging as a crucial factor promoting muscle wasting and dysfunction contributing to sarcopenia. This modulates disease severity and reduces...
OBJECTIVE
Heart Failure (HF) is emerging as a crucial factor promoting muscle wasting and dysfunction contributing to sarcopenia. This modulates disease severity and reduces exercise capacity and leading to poorer outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to systematically investigate the overall prevalence of sarcopenia in HF.
METHODS
An electronic search was carried out in selected databases until 21st January, 2021. Data was pooled from the included articles and represented as pooled prevalence of sarcopenia. Subgroup analysis was undertaken between methods of diagnosis of sarcopenia, gender, ejection fraction, median time point and geographical region.
RESULTS
Amongst 32,643 citations imported from selected databases, 12 articles were included in final analysis. Analysis for prevalence of sarcopenia was 34%, with prevalence rates ranging from 10.1% to 68%. Subgroup analysis revealed strong associations between Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) (chi square = 3.24; p < 0.001), with a good level of agreement (kappa = 0.76 [95% CI: 0.70-0.82]; p < 0.001). Gender wise analysis revealed higher prevalence of sarcopenia among males (66%) than females (34%).
CONCLUSION
Sarcopenia is highly prevalent among those with HF (irrespective of type of HF) and is more commonly seen in males compared to females.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Sarcopenia; Muscle, Skeletal; Prevalence; Absorptiometry, Photon; Heart Failure
PubMed: 36567064
DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2022.12.004 -
European Spine Journal : Official... Jan 2023Osteoporosis is a risk factor for idiopathic scoliosis (IS) progression, but it is still unclear whether IS patients have bone mineral density (BMD) loss and a higher... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Osteoporosis is a risk factor for idiopathic scoliosis (IS) progression, but it is still unclear whether IS patients have bone mineral density (BMD) loss and a higher risk of osteoporosis than asymptomatic people. This systematic review aims to explore the differences in BMD and prevalence of osteoporosis between the IS group and the control group.
METHODS
We searched 5 health science-related databases. Studies that were published up to February 2022 and written in English and Chinese languages were included. The primary outcome measures consisted of BMD z score, the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia, and areal and volumetric BMD. Bone morphometry, trabecular microarchitecture, and quantitative ultrasound measures were included in the secondary outcome measures. The odds ratio (OR) and the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to pool the data.
RESULTS
A total of 32 case-control studies were included. The pooled analysis revealed significant differences between the IS group and the control group in BMD z score (WMD -1.191; 95% CI - 1.651 to -0.732, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed significance in both female (WMD -1.031; 95% CI -1.496 to -0.566, p < 0.001) and male participants (WMD -1.516; 95% CI -2.401 to -0.632, p = 0.001). The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in the group with IS was significantly higher than in the control group (OR = 6.813, 95% CI 2.815-16.489, p < 0.001; OR 1.879; 95% CI 1.548-2.281, p < 0.000). BMD measures by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography showed a significant decrease in the IS group (all p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in the speed of sound measured by quantitative ultrasound between the two groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Both the male and female IS patients had a generalized lower BMD and an increased prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis than the control group. Future research should focus on the validity of quantitative ultrasound in BMD screening. To control the risk of progression in IS patients, regular BMD scans and targeted intervention are necessary for IS patients during clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Child; Young Adult; Bone Density; Scoliosis; Osteoporosis; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 36450863
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07463-w -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Jan 2023Osteoporosis has traditionally been characterized by underlying endocrine mechanisms, though evidence indicates a role of inflammation in its pathophysiology.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Osteoporosis has traditionally been characterized by underlying endocrine mechanisms, though evidence indicates a role of inflammation in its pathophysiology. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of gram-negative bacteria that reside in the intestines, can be released into circulation and stimulate the immune system, upregulating bone resorption. Exogenous LPS is used in rodent models to study the effect of systemic inflammation on bone, and to date a variety of different doses, routes, and durations of LPS administration have been used. The study objective was to determine whether systemic administration of LPS induced inflammatory bone loss in rodent models. A systematic search of Medline and four other databases resulted in a total of 110 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) with a random-effects meta-analyses were used for bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). Heterogeneity was quantified using the I statistic. Shorter-term (<2 weeks) and longer-term (>2 weeks) LPS interventions were analyzed separately because of intractable study design differences. BV/TV was significantly reduced in both shorter-term (SMD = -3.79%, 95% CI [-4.20, -3.38], I 62%; p < 0.01) and longer-term (SMD = -1.50%, 95% CI [-2.00, -1.00], I 78%; p < 0.01) studies. vBMD was also reduced in both shorter-term (SMD = -3.11%, 95% CI [-3.78, -2.44]; I 72%; p < 0.01) and longer-term (SMD = -3.49%, 95% CI [-4.94, -2.04], I 82%; p < 0.01) studies. In both groups, regardless of duration, LPS negatively impacted trabecular bone structure but not cortical bone structure, and an upregulation in bone resorption demonstrated by bone cell staining and serum biomarkers was reported. This suggests systemically delivered exogenous LPS in rodents is a viable model for studying inflammatory bone loss, particularly in trabecular bone. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Topics: Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; Rodentia; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Resorption; Inflammation; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 36401814
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4740 -
Skeletal Radiology Apr 2023The aim was to systematically assess the literature on possible effect of administration of iodinated contrast media on CT-estimated bone mineral density (BMD). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to systematically assess the literature on possible effect of administration of iodinated contrast media on CT-estimated bone mineral density (BMD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched. Studies that used both CT principles of BMD measurement (volumetric quantitative BMD and CT attenuation in Hounsfield Units) were included. The baseline patient data, skeletal site, contrast medium data (if reported), and change in BMD on contrast-enhanced CT scans were collected.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies met our review criteria, the majority of which was performed on lumbar spine, and the others on proximal femur. Almost all studies reported a significant increase in BMD values on the contrast-enhanced CT scans, ranging from 0.8 to 30.3%. The increase was most frequently reported to be about 10 to 15% for the spine and 5 to 10% for the femur. In addition to the difference in skeletal site, some authors found the contrast effect was age-, sex-, and contrast dose-dependent. BMD values in arterial phase were generally somewhat lower than in venous phase, and the effect of contrast in venous phase was more predictable.
CONCLUSION
The review revealed significant changes in BMD values between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT. The change was more pronounced in lumbar spine than in proximal femur and appeared to depend on age, sex, contrast dose, and postcontrast imaging protocol. The review suggests the understanding of all mentioned factors during the interpretation of BMD measured on contrast-enhanced CT.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Contrast Media; Osteoporosis; Absorptiometry, Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Lumbar Vertebrae
PubMed: 36329255
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04222-2