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PloS One 2023Our aim was to analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for psoriasis in order to explore its effectiveness and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Our aim was to analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for psoriasis in order to explore its effectiveness and safety.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
As of July 7 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The study outcomes included change values in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (at 3 months, 6 months, and end of follow-up)/Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)/Psoriasis disability index (PDI)/C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events.
RESULTS
333 patients from 4 studies were evaluated. Pooled analyses showed no significant effect of DLQI/PDI/CRP change value (P > 0.05) or PASI change value (3 months, end of follow-up; P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses and statistical tests did not support the results of the PASI change values (6 months, P = 0.05). However, the results of subgroup analyses should not be ignored(supplementation with vitamin D2 or Asia would be more effective; P = 0.03). There were no serious adverse effects, and only a few individuals experienced nausea.
CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of psoriasis remains unremarkable. The search for a new prognostic index that combines clinical and laboratory factors is needed to compensate for the shortcomings of existing measures and provide stronger evidence of validity.
Topics: Humans; Psoriasis; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Asia; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 37967075
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294239 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Mar 2024Phytosterols/phytostanols are bioactive compounds found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds and added to a range of commercial food products. Consumption of... (Review)
Review
Phytosterols/phytostanols are bioactive compounds found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds and added to a range of commercial food products. Consumption of phytosterols/phytostanols reduces levels of circulating LDL-cholesterol, a causative biomarker of CVD, and is linked to a reduced risk of some cancers. Individuals who consume phytosterols/phytostanols in their diet may do so for many years as part of a non-pharmacological route to lower cholesterol or as part of a healthy diet. However, the impact of long term or high intakes of dietary phytosterols/phytostanols has not been on whole-body epigenetic changes before. The aim of this systematic review was to identify all publications that have evaluated changes to epigenetic mechanisms (post-translation modification of histones, DNA methylation and miRNA expression) in response to phytosterols/phytostanols. A systematic search was performed that returned 226 records, of which eleven were eligible for full-text analysis. Multiple phytosterols were found to inhibit expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes and were also predicted to directly bind and impair HDAC activity. Phytosterols were found to inhibit the expression and activity of DNA methyl transferase enzyme 1 and reverse cancer-associated gene silencing. Finally, phytosterols have been shown to regulate over 200 miRNA, although only five of these were reported in multiple publications. Five tissue types (breast, prostate, macrophage, aortic epithelia and lung) were represented across the studies, and although phytosterols/phytostanols alter the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance in these mammalian cells, studies exploring meiotic or transgenerational inheritance were not found.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; Phytosterols; Noncommunicable Diseases; Cholesterol; Epigenesis, Genetic; Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Mammals
PubMed: 37955052
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523002532 -
Neuromuscular Disorders : NMD Nov 2023We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in maintaining or restoring vitamin D levels in Duchenne... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in maintaining or restoring vitamin D levels in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Due to a lack of randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional and retrospective and prospective cohort studies were taken as the best available evidence. Inclusion criteria included reporting mean serum vitamin D levels in a supplement-taking group. After screening 102 records; 13 were included in a narrative synthesis and eight of these in a meta-analysis. We show that current dosing regimens are preventing severe deficiency but are not effective at maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels within the Duchenne population. Despite high levels of daily vitamin D supplementation (>1000 International Units), at least 20 % of people with Duchenne remain vitamin D deficient. No significant association between dose and serum vitamin D levels was found (r = 0.3, p = 0.237). A meta-analysis of mean serum vitamin D levels across eight studies also revealed substantial variability in response to vitamin D supplementation and high heterogeneity (I = 99.59 %). These data could impact on an individual's risk and severity of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures.
Topics: Humans; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne; Retrospective Studies; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37932186
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.10.008 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Jan 2024Numerous individual and environmental factors including diet may play an important role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is unclear to what... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Numerous individual and environmental factors including diet may play an important role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is unclear to what degree dietary intake is affected in individuals with IBS. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize dietary intake of adults with IBS and to compare dietary intake between adults with IBS and non-IBS controls.
METHODS
Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched through February 2023 for clinical trials and observational studies measuring usual diet in adults with IBS. Pooled weighted averages were estimated for total energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient data. Mean differences (MD) in nutrient intake were estimated for adults with IBS versus non-IBS controls using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the inconsistency index (I2).
KEY RESULTS
Sixty-three full-text articles were included in the review of which 29 studies included both IBS and control subjects. Nutrients not meeting the recommended intake level for any dietary reference values in the IBS population were fiber and vitamin D. Meta-regression by female proportion was positively correlated with total fat intake and negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake. Comparisons between participants with IBS and controls showed significantly lower fiber intake in participants with IBS with high heterogeneity (MD: -1.8; 95% CI: -3.0, -0.6; I2 = 85%).
CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES
This review suggests that fiber and vitamin D intake is suboptimal in IBS; however, overall dietary intake does not appear to be comprised. Causes and consequences of reduced fiber in IBS deserve further study. Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that fiber and vitamin D intake is suboptimal in IBS. However, overall intake of other macro- and micronutrients does not appear to be compromised. Causes and consequences of reduced fiber and Vitamin D intake in IBS deserve further study.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Diet; Eating; Energy Intake; Vitamin D
PubMed: 37897138
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14698 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle tissue maintenance and repair after injury. PubMed and Web of Science were used to search for studies published prior to May 2023. We assessed eligible studies that discussed the relationship between vitamin D, muscle regeneration in this review. Overall, the literature reports strong associations between vitamin D and skeletal myocyte size, and muscle regeneration. In vitro studies in skeletal muscle cells derived from mice and humans showed vitamin D played a role in regulating myoblast growth, size, and gene expression. Animal studies, primarily in mice, demonstrate vitamin D's positive effects on skeletal muscle function, such as improved grip strength and endurance. These studies encompass vitamin D diet research, genetically modified models, and disease-related mouse models. Relatively few studies looked at muscle function after injury, but these also support a role for vitamin D in muscle recovery. The human studies have also reported that vitamin D deficiency decreases muscle grip strength and gait speed, especially in the elderly population. Finally, human studies reported the benefits of vitamin D supplementation and achieving optimal serum vitamin D levels in muscle recovery after eccentric exercise and surgery. However, there were no benefits in rotator cuff injury studies, suggesting that repair mechanisms for muscle/ligament tears may be less reliant on vitamin D. In summary, vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle function, structural integrity, and regeneration, potentially offering therapeutic benefits to patients with musculoskeletal diseases and in post-operative recovery.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Animals; Mice; Vitamin D; Muscle, Skeletal; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Muscular Diseases; Models, Animal; Regeneration
PubMed: 37892452
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204377 -
Nutrients Oct 2023The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is considerably increasing in western countries. Thus, identification of the environmental determinants involved... (Review)
Review
AIMS AND HYPOTHESIS
The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is considerably increasing in western countries. Thus, identification of the environmental determinants involved could ultimately lead to disease prevention. Here, we aimed to systematically review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022362522) the current evidence of the association between maternal dietary factors during gestation and the risk of developing type 1 diabetes and/or islet autoimmunity (IA) in murine and human offspring.
METHODS
In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, the present systematic review searched PubMed and Scopus ( = 343) for different combinations of MeSH terms, such as type 1 diabetes, diet, islet autoimmunity, prenatal, nutrient, gluten, gliadin, vitamin, milk, and fibers.
RESULTS
We found that the most investigated dietary factors in the present literature were gluten, dietary advanced glycosylated end products (dAGEs), vitamin D, fatty acids, and iron. The results concerning prenatal exposure to a gluten-free environment showed a consistently protective effect on the development of IA. Prenatal exposures to vitamin D and certain fatty acids appeared to protect against the development of IA, whereas in utero iron and fat exposures correlated with increased risks of IA.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that a definite association is not established for most factors investigated as the literature represents a heterogeneous pool of data, although fetal exposures to some maternal dietary components, such as gluten, show consistent associations with increased risks of IA. We suggest that human prospective dietary intervention studies in both cohort and clinical settings are crucial to better evaluate critical and protective prenatal exposures from the maternal diet during pregnancy.
Topics: Child; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Animals; Mice; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Autoimmunity; Islets of Langerhans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Fatty Acids; Glutens; Iron; Autoantibodies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37892409
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204333 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2024Two previous meta-analyses showed smaller differences between vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and a consistently high... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Comparison of the Effect of Daily Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration (Total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3) and Importance of Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
BACKGROUND
Two previous meta-analyses showed smaller differences between vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and a consistently high heterogeneity when only including daily dosing studies.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare more frequently dosed vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 in improving total 25(OH)D and determine the concomitant effect of response modifiers on heterogeneity, and secondly, to compare the vitamin D2-associated change in 25(OH)D2 with the vitamin D3-associated change in 25(OH)D3.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and the Web of Science Core collection were searched for randomized controlled trials of vitamin D2 compared with vitamin D3, daily or once/twice weekly dosed. After screening for eligibility, relevant data were extracted for meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference when different methods of 25(OH)D analyses were used. Otherwise, the weighted mean difference (WMD) was determined.
RESULTS
Overall, the results based on 20 comparative studies showed vitamin D3 to be superior to vitamin D2 in raising total 25(OH)D concentrations, but vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 had a similar positive impact on their corresponding 25(OH)D hydroxylated forms. The WMD in change in total 25(OH)D based on 12 daily dosed vitamin D2-vitamin D3 comparisons, analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, was 10.39 nmol/L (40%) lower for the vitamin D2 group compared with the vitamin D3 group (95% confidence interval: -14.62, -6.16; I = 64%; P < 00001). Body mass index (BMI) appeared to be the strongest response modifier, reducing heterogeneity to 0% in both subgroups. The vitamin D2- and vitamin D3-induced change in total 25(OH)D lost significance predominantly in subjects with a BMI >25 kg/m (P = 0.99). However, information on BMI was only available in 13/17 daily dosed comparisons.
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D3 leads to a greater increase of 25(OH)D than vitamin D2, even if limited to daily dose studies, but vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 had similar positive impacts on their corresponding 25(OH)D hydroxylated forms. Next to baseline 25(OH)D concentration, BMI should be considered when comparing the effect of daily vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation on total 25(OH)D concentration. This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42021272674.
Topics: Humans; Body Mass Index; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Ergocalciferols; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37865222
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.016 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jan 2024This systematic review aimed to gather data on the effects of sumac supplementation on lipid profile. A systematic literature search was carried out using electronic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review aimed to gather data on the effects of sumac supplementation on lipid profile. A systematic literature search was carried out using electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to March 2023 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of sumac intake on lipid profile as an outcome. All participants enrolled in our study were adult individuals who consumed sumac, in various forms, as an intervention. The included articles were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Heterogeneity tests of the selected trials were performed using the I statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. In total, seven RCTs with a total sample size of 570 subjects were included. This study found a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -10.01 mg/dL; 95% CI: -18.67, -1.34), triglyceride (TG) (WMD: -8.52 mg/dL; 95% CI: -14.79, -2.25), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C levels (WMD: -9.25 mg/dL; 95% CI: -14.56, -3.93); Moreover, a significant increase was observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C concentration (WMD: 2.97 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.75, 5.19). The reduction in TG and TC was greater in studies with a duration of ≥12 compared to <12 weeks. The increase in HDL-C was greater in participants with an intervention duration of ≥12 compared to <12 weeks. Moreover, subgroup analysis based on the dose of sumac suggested a significant reduction in TC and LDL, specifically for doses below 3 g. Consumption of sumac significantly decreased serum TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations. This study suggested significantly positive effects on HDL-C by intake of sumac. Longer interventions (>12 weeks) have a more favorable impact on TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C, while sumac doses below 3 g/day show greater effects on TC and LDL-C. These findings underscore the potential of sumac supplementation as a valuable approach to lipid profile management.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Supplements; Lipids; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rhus; Triglycerides; Plant Extracts; Hyperlipidemias
PubMed: 37864474
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8046 -
Medicine Oct 2023To systematically evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To systematically evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS
National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, WANFANG databases, and Google Scholar were retrieved to collect relevant randomized controlled trials, which are published from the earliest records the time the database was created to April 2023. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Review Manager 5.4 software after evaluating in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The outcome indicators include 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels (FINS).
RESULTS
Eight randomized controlled trials with a total of 657 patients are included. Vitamin D supplementation increased 25(OH)D levels significantly (mean difference [MD] = 2.01, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.94 to 3.08, P < .05) and vitamin D supplementation had a significant effect on insulin resistance index (MD = -0.54, 95% CI: -1.28 to 0.20, P = .16), fasting glucose (MD = -0.59, 95% CI: -1.50 to 0.32, P = .20), and FINS levels (MD = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.77 to 0.17, P = .21) had no significant effect.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D supplementation improves 25(OH)D levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but there is no effect on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose, or FINS.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Insulin Resistance; Blood Glucose; Dietary Supplements; Vitamin D; Insulin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37861495
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035717 -
Biochemia Medica Oct 2023The focus of this meta-analysis was how vitamin D supplementation influences exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and vitamin D... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The focus of this meta-analysis was how vitamin D supplementation influences exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed databases have been systematically searched in an attempt to collect randomized controlled trials related to vitamin D supplementation in COPD patients with VDD published in English available by July 2022. Primary outcome indicators included the mean number of exacerbation and rate of exacerbation. Secondary outcome indicators included forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration.
RESULTS
Five studies involving 522 COPD patients with VDD (defined as 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) were included, among them 61 were severely deficient in vitamin D (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L). The results showed that vitamin D supplementation did not decrease the mean number of exacerbation (standardized mean difference (SMD): - 0.10, 95% CI: - 0.29 to 0.09) and the rate of exacerbation (relative risk (RR): 0.89, 95% CI: 0.76 to 1.04, P = 0.179). Also, its effect on FEV1 (SMD: - 0.06, 95% CI: - 0.30 to 0.17) and FEV1/FVC (SMD: -0.10, 95% CI: - 0.48 to 0.27) remained negligible. However, it could increase the serum 25(OH)D concentration (SMD: 2.44, 95 CI%: 2.20 to 2.68, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The effects of vitamin D supplementation on decreasing exacerbation and improving pulmonary function were not significant.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Vitamin D; Lung; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37841773
DOI: 10.11613/BM.2023.030703