-
PloS One 2022Cervical cancer is the fourth commonest and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females globally. The upregulated expression of microRNA-21 in cervical cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Cervical cancer is the fourth commonest and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females globally. The upregulated expression of microRNA-21 in cervical cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, yet given the inconsistency on some of the findings, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the role in disease progression as well as the diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-21 in patients with cervical cancer.
METHODS
Literature search was carried out through visiting several electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE/ PubMed Central, Web of Science, Embase, WorldCat, DOAJ, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. After extraction, data analysis was carried out using Rev-Man 5.3, STATA 15.0 and Meta-disk 1.4. I2 and meta-bias statistics assessed heterogeneity and publication bias of the included studies, respectively. The area under summary receiver operating characteristic curve and other diagnostic indexes were used to estimate diagnostic accuracy.
RESULT
A total of 53 studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. This study summarized that microRNA-21 targets the expression of numerous genes that regulate their subsequent downstream signaling pathways which promote cervical carcinogenesis. The targets addressed in this study included TNF-α, CCL20, PTEN RasA1, TIMP3, PDCD-4, TPM-1, FASL, BTG-2, GAS-5, and VHL. In addition, the meta-analysis of reports from 6 eligible studies has demonstrated that the overall area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) of microRNA-21 as a diagnostic accuracy index for cervical cancer was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.86). In addition, evidence from studies revealed that upregulated microRNA-21 led to worsening progression and poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
CONCLUSION
microRNA-21 is an oncogenic microRNA molecule playing a key role in the development and progression of cervical malignancy. It has good diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. In addition, the upregulation of microRNA-21 could predict a worse outcome in terms of prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
Topics: Disease Progression; Female; Humans; MicroRNAs; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 35895593
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268480 -
Nutrients Jul 2022Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterised by optic disc swelling secondary to raised intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown... (Review)
Review
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterised by optic disc swelling secondary to raised intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown cause. Obesity is the most established and prevalent risk factor in developed countries. As obesogenic diets are high in calories and nutrient-poor, there may be associated nutritional deficiencies that contribute to the clinical presentation of IIH. Yet none, aside from iron deficiency, are currently included in the inclusion or exclusion criteria for the diagnosis of IIH. Our primary aim was to determine which micronutrient deficiencies, aside from iron deficiency, could present with optic disc swelling associated with or without intracranial hypertension that could potentially meet current IIH diagnostic criteria. To this end, we conducted a systematic search of articles published between 1 January 1980 and 18 December 2020 reporting cases of optic disc swelling associated with micronutrient deficiencies. In total, 65 cases met the eligibility criteria from initial searches: all were case reports and case series with a high risk of bias. Our findings suggest that patients with IIH or unexplained optic disc swelling ought to be screened, investigated, and treated for associated micronutrient deficiencies in vitamin A, B1 and B12; and weight loss interventions in IIH patients ought to promote better nutrition in addition to overall calorie restriction.
Topics: Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Malnutrition; Micronutrients; Optic Disk; Papilledema; Pseudotumor Cerebri
PubMed: 35893919
DOI: 10.3390/nu14153068 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Sep 2022This systematic review aimed to summarize the morphologic changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and were assessed... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to summarize the morphologic changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and were assessed by 3-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography, and multidetector computed tomography).
STUDY DESIGN
The authors searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify original articles from 2014 to 2021 containing keywords for morphologic changes in the TMJ, orthodontic treatment, and three-dimensional imaging methods. Prospective and retrospective studies, including observational, cross-sectional, randomized, and nonrandomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies, were reviewed. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The risk of bias was assessed in studies selected for the full-text review.
RESULTS
The search strategy yielded 294 publications. After an initial screening and the application of exclusion criteria, 13 studies were selected for the final review.
CONCLUSION
Differences were found in condylar positioning, typically in an anterior position; condylar morphology, primarily with increased diameter or head height; and articular disk position within the anterior-posterior plane post-treatment. Changes in the glenoid fossa were not consistent between the studies. The overall risk of bias among studies was moderate. The influence of orthodontic treatment on morphologic changes in the TMJ remains unclear.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mandibular Condyle; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 35871168
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.05.003 -
European Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2023To summarize the evidence available on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To summarize the evidence available on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION).
METHODS
Systematic searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar Databases. The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using Newcastle -Ottawa Scale. The data were extracted to an Excel sheet. Vessel density (VD) data were pooled by random effects model, presented as pooled percentage change (PPC), and weighted mean differences (WMD). Additional subgroup analysis was also conducted.
RESULTS
In initial searches in online databases, we found 3535 citations, and after screening and checking the titles and abstracts, 26 articles were ultimately eligible for our meta-analysis. The overall PPC of Intra-optic-disc (IOD) VD (-10.73%; p = 0.017, I = 0.0%; p = 0.898) was lower than that of radial peripapillary (RP) VD (-17.57%; p < 0.001, I = 44.3%; p = 0.002). The overall PPC of peripapillary choroid VD (-6.99%; p < 0.001, I = 0.0%; p = 0.766) was significant, but noticeably lower than the pooled percentage change of RPVD and IOD VD. The WMD of RPVD was significant when non-affected fellow eyes were compared to the healthy subjects' eyes (-36.26; p < 0.001, I = 0.0%; p = 0.706).
CONCLUSIONS
The central retinal artery and its branches might be the main vessels which are affected in AION. The superficial retina was more affected than choroid layer in AION. Also, radial peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer was more affected than the IOD area. OCTA might be a suitable tool for prediction of AION in susceptible eyes.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic; Optic Disk; Angiography; Retina; Fluorescein Angiography; Retinal Vessels
PubMed: 35844139
DOI: 10.1177/11206721221113681 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022(1) Background: This study aimed to perform a literature review related to disk displacement (DD) in class II malocclusion or cervical vertebrae position alterations and... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular Joint Disk Displacements in Class II Malocclusion and Cervical Spine Alterations: Systematic Review and Report of a Hypodivergent Case with MRI Bone and Soft Tissue Changes.
(1) Background: This study aimed to perform a literature review related to disk displacement (DD) in class II malocclusion or cervical vertebrae position alterations and to report a hypodivergent case with cervical pain and right anterolateral DD with reduction, left anterolateral DD with reduction, and left joint effusion. (2) Methods: A structured electronic search was conducted between March 2022 and April 2022, without time limits, following PRISMA guidelines, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane; the terms "disc displacement", "disk displacement", "temporomandibular joint", "class II malocclusion" and "cervical vertebrae" are searched. (3) Results: the following thirteen publications are included in this review: two prospective studies and eleven cross-sectional studies; for evaluating disk position, eight included publications used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whilst six studies used lateral cephalogram to determine craniofacial morphology and relationships between the cranial base, vertical skeletal pattern, maxilla and mandible. (4) Conclusions: although the literature still shows contradictory opinions, a relationship between temporomandibular disorders and cervical posture has been shown in the presented case as well as in the literature review.
PubMed: 35743939
DOI: 10.3390/life12060908 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2022To investigate the effect of disk training and tape application on diminished proprioception after Lateral Ankle Sprain (LAS) in active populations. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of disk training and tape application on diminished proprioception after Lateral Ankle Sprain (LAS) in active populations.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Only clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of disk training and ankle tape on proprioception deficits following LAS by assessing JPS or kinaesthesia were included.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Electronic databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and PEDro were searched. The main search was conducted in February 2022.
RISK OF BIAS
The physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was utilised to assess the methodological quality of each article.
RESULT
The search yielded six studies investigating the effects of disk training and four studies investigating the effects of inelastic tape. Five articles showed a significant improvement on JPS after disk training. However, no difference across different intervention groups was observed in one study. Only one trial presented an immediate significant improvement when taped, while another study showed that external ankle supports significantly improved JPS after 2 weeks and after 2 months. Three of four studies found no immediate improvement on proprioceptive deficits by the use of tape.
CONCLUSIONS
This review found that disk training may improve impaired proprioception after LAS, whilst the efficacy of inelastic tape was not evident due to methodological quality of the few available studies. Further studies are needed to establish whether these interventions can be used clinically with sufficient evidence.
Topics: Ankle; Ankle Injuries; Ankle Joint; Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Proprioception
PubMed: 35710223
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.04.001 -
European Spine Journal : Official... Oct 2022To determine whether the open or the minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (O-TLIF, MI-TLIF) is the favored treatment, we provide first meta-analyses... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
One-level open vs. minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a systematic review and advanced meta-analytic assessment of prospective studies with at least two years follow-up.
PURPOSE
To determine whether the open or the minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (O-TLIF, MI-TLIF) is the favored treatment, we provide first meta-analyses using prospective studies with at least two years follow-up only and present the clinical relevance of statistical results for the first time.
METHODS
After a systematic review of six databases, we conducted 10 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 10 meta-analyses of eligible prospective studies (EPSs) to compare fusion rate, patient-reported outcome measures (back pain (B-VAS), leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)), for the first time safety outcome measures as operative and postoperative complications per case, and the perioperative outcome measures estimated blood loss (EBL), operation time and length of hospital stay (LOS). The clinical relevance was assessed by overall effect sizes (OESs) of statistically significant meta-analytic results.
RESULTS
In our meta-analyses of RCTs, MI-TLIF is statistically significantly superior in ODI, EBL and LOS, with clinically meaningful OESs only in EBL and LOS. In meta-analyses of EPSs, MI-TLIF is statistically significantly superior in B-VAS, postoperative complications per case, EBL and LOS, all with clinically meaningful OESs except for B-VAS. The meta-analyses of remaining outcome measures present statistically nonsignificant results. In a descriptive analysis of complications, postoperative wound infections predominate in O-TLIF and hardware malposition in MI-TLIF.
CONCLUSION
After at least two years, O-TLIF and MI-TLIF can be considered equally efficacious, which simplifies surgeons' decision between both treatments, however, with the safety outcome measure postoperative complications per case and the perioperative outcome measures EBL and LOS in favor of MI-TLIF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: Well conducted meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a low risk of bias.
Topics: Back Pain; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Fusion; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35699832
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07223-w -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022Neisseria meningitidis is one of the most important causes of meningitis and pathogens-associated deaths in developing and developed countries. Effective anti-microbial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Neisseria meningitidis is one of the most important causes of meningitis and pathogens-associated deaths in developing and developed countries. Effective anti-microbial agents are pivotal to treat and control N. meningitidis infections. The aim of the present study was to systematically review published studies on the antibiotic resistance of N. meningitidis in the last 20 years (2000-2020) in the world.
METHODS
Published researches were identified through a literature search using reputable databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Finally, 24 studies were included for a random-effects model meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The overall resistance to most commonly used antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and rifampin was low, ranging from 1 to 3.4%. However, non-sensitivity to penicillin, as the first-line antibiotic against N. meningitidis, was higher (27.2%). Altogether, the resistance to the first-line antibiotics (except penicillin) is still low indicating these drugs are effective against meningococcal meningitis. We also found a significant gap between MIC and disk diffusion for evaluating resistance to antibiotics in which disk diffusion overestimate the resistance rate.
CONCLUSIONS
To properly management and prevent the spread of N. miningitidis isolates resistant antibiotics, it is necessary to monitor the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility regionally and globally using the MIC methods.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Meningococcal Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria meningitidis; Penicillins
PubMed: 35654713
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.05.005 -
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering Oct 2022In vitro testing has been conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics of the cervical spine. This has allowed a characterization of the...
In vitro testing has been conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics of the cervical spine. This has allowed a characterization of the stability of the spine as influenced by the intrinsic properties of its tissue constituents and the severity of degeneration or injury. This also enables the preclinical estimation of spinal implant functionality and the success of operative procedures. The purpose of this review paper was to compile methodologies and results from various studies addressing spinal kinematics in pre- and postoperative conditions so that they could be compared. The reviewed literature was evaluated to provide suggestions for a better approach for future studies, to reduce the uncertainties and facilitate comparisons among various results. The overview is presented in a way to inform various disciplines, such as experimental testing, design development, and clinical treatment. The biomechanical characteristics of the cervical spine, mainly the segmental range of motion (ROM), intradiscal pressure (IDP), and facet joint load (FJL), have been assessed by testing functional spinal units (FSUs). The relative effects of pathologies including disc degeneration, muscle dysfunction, and ligamentous transection have been studied by imposing on the specimen complex load scenarios imitating physiological conditions. The biomechanical response is strongly influenced by specimen type, test condition, and the different types of implants utilized in the different experimental groups.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Cervical Vertebrae; Humans; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Range of Motion, Articular; Zygapophyseal Joint
PubMed: 35482019
DOI: 10.1115/1.4054439 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Apr 2022Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) is an alternative to lumbar fusion in the treatment of lower back pain and reduces the risk of adjacent segment degeneration....
BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) is an alternative to lumbar fusion in the treatment of lower back pain and reduces the risk of adjacent segment degeneration. Heterotopic ossification (HO) has been identified as a common complication following lumbar TDR.
PURPOSE
This systematic review aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical and radiological impact of HO following lumbar TDR.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic Review.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Central were searched for articles that referred to lumbar TDR and HO. The hits were assessed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from each included study was extracted and analysed with respect to the study aims.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies were included in this review and the pooled prevalence of HO was estimated to be between 13.2% (participants) and 15.3% (vertebral levels). TDR clinical outcomes were not found to be reduced by HO and there was insufficient data to identify a given impact upon radiological outcomes. Age and follow up time were identified as potential risk factors for HO.
CONCLUSIONS
This review was hampered by inconsistencies in the reporting of HO across the studies. We therefore recommend that a set of guidelines should be produced to aid future researchers and reduce the risk of bias.
Topics: Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Low Back Pain; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lumbosacral Region; Ossification, Heterotopic; Total Disc Replacement; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35461244
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05322-9