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Journal of Marital and Family Therapy Jan 2024This study aims to conduct a systematic review and synthesis on the treatment of sexual violence victimization by an intimate partner evaluating specifically the impact...
This study aims to conduct a systematic review and synthesis on the treatment of sexual violence victimization by an intimate partner evaluating specifically the impact of treatment on mental health outcomes of female sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors. We followed the Cochrane Handbook for Systemic Reviews of Interventions guidelines for the process of conducting systematic reviews. We were unable to conduct meta-analyses due to the substantial heterogeneity of the interventions for IPV. A qualitative summary of 6 controlled studies identified no benefit to the treatment of sexual coercion, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or anxiety for female sexual IPV survivors. However, we are limited by a paucity of data for each outcome on this subject. In conclusion, sexual coercion is a complex issue that has adverse effects on mental health and the well-being of the survivors. More research is needed that investigates what kind of interventions are effective for this specific population.
Topics: Humans; Female; Sex Offenses; Intimate Partner Violence; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Anxiety; Crime Victims
PubMed: 37746922
DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12670 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Jul 2024This review aimed to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and trait narcissism, and whether the strength of this relationship... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This review aimed to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and trait narcissism, and whether the strength of this relationship differs depending on narcissism type (grandiose or vulnerable), the type of violence perpetrated, or the perpetrator's gender. Scopus, Medline, PsycInfo, and Academic Search Complete databases were searched on August 11, 2022. Studies were included if they were in English, measured IPV perpetration and trait narcissism, and examined the relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration. Studies were excluded if they were review papers, conference extracts, book chapters, or if the data was not specific to trait narcissism. The AXIS tool was used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the studies. Twenty-two studies ( = 11,520 participants) were included in the random effects meta-analysis revealing a significant, weak, positive relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration, = .15. Subgroup analyses revealed physical IPV perpetration was not significantly related to trait narcissism while cyber and psychological IPV perpetration were significantly, positively, weakly related to trait narcissism. No significant difference in the strength of the relationship with IPV perpetration was found between males and females. The relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration was significantly greater for vulnerable narcissism than grandiose narcissism. Overall, the quality of the included studies was high, and risk of bias was low. All measures were self-report and underreporting could be present given both narcissistic traits and IPV perpetration are considered socially undesirable. Future research examining these relationships should specify IPV and narcissism types.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Intimate Partner Violence; Narcissism
PubMed: 37702183
DOI: 10.1177/15248380231196115 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Sep 2023Studying severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit improves our understanding of potential factors affecting maternal health.
BACKGROUND
Studying severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit improves our understanding of potential factors affecting maternal health.
AIM
To review evidence on maternal exposure to intimate partner violence and social determinants of health in women with severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit.
METHODS
The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42016037492). A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest, LILACS and SciELO using the search terms "intensive care unit", "intensive care", "critical care" and "critically ill" in combination with "intimate partner violence", "social determinants of health", "severe acute maternal morbidity", pregnancy, postpartum and other similar terms. Eligible studies were (i) quantitative, (ii) published in English and Spanish, (iii) from 2000 to 2021, (iv) with data related to intimate partner violence and/or social determinants of health, and (v) investigating severe acute maternal morbidity (maternity patients treated in the intensive care unit during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination). Of 52,866 studies initially identified, 1087 full texts were assessed and 156 studies included. Studies were independently assessed by two reviewers for screening, revision, quality assessment and abstracted data. Studies were categorised into high/middle/low-income countries and summarised data were presented using a narrative description, due to heterogenic data as: (i) exposure to intimate partner violence and (ii) social determinants of health.
RESULTS
One study assessed intimate partner violence among mothers with severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit and found that women exposed to intimate partner violence before and during pregnancy had a nearly four-fold risk of severe acute maternal morbidity requiring ICU admission. Few social determinants of health other than age were reported in most studies.
CONCLUSION
This review identified a significant gap in knowledge concerning intimate partner violence and social determinants of health in women with severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit, which is essential to better understand the complete picture of the maternal morbidity spectrum and reduce maternal mortality.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Social Determinants of Health; Intensive Care Units; Critical Care; Intimate Partner Violence; Mothers
PubMed: 37700244
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05927-5 -
Psychological risks experienced by interpreters in the domestic violence cases: a systematic review.Frontiers in Sociology 2023Interpreters occupy a complex position in police interviews involving domestic violence cases-neutral but necessary parties to traumatic content. The following... (Review)
Review
Interpreters occupy a complex position in police interviews involving domestic violence cases-neutral but necessary parties to traumatic content. The following systematic review explores the relatively sparse scholarly literature on interpreters' psychological responses to being a party to domestic violence interviews in a policing context. This article aims to explore themes of relevant studies targeting interpreters' mental health in such cases, with nine articles emerging from a comprehensive search of eight databases supplemented with a Google Scholar search. Various themes involving interpreters emerged from the ensuing analysis, including intrinsic difficulties, misguided expectations, role requirements, psychological impacts, posttraumatic growth, coping strategies, and recommendations for future research and practice, with findings holding implications for interpreting in other traumatic domains.
PubMed: 37664822
DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1139431 -
Child Abuse & Neglect Nov 2023Violence against children (VAC) is a global public health issue. In the context of limited resources, the United Nations Development Programme has coined the concept of...
BACKGROUND
Violence against children (VAC) is a global public health issue. In the context of limited resources, the United Nations Development Programme has coined the concept of a Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) accelerator for preventing and responding to VAC. An 'accelerator' is a provision that simultaneously leads to progress across multiple SDGs targets and goals.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review synthesizes the literature on violence prevention evaluation studies using robust methods according to the SDG accelerator framework for children aged 0-18 in Western Europe and Central and West Africa. It also provides a lens for analyzing research inequities between the global North and South, examining the challenges and differences undermining knowledge production across regions, particularly in research output.
METHOD
We systematically searched 30 electronic databases and grey literature in English and French. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.
RESULTS
Nine evaluation studies related to four SDG goals and ten targets were included in the analysis. As a result, no intervention was identified as an accelerator for children in West and Central Africa. In contrast, three promising interventions were identified as accelerators in Western Europe. Two school-based interventions reduce bullying, depression, and substance abuse and improve psychological well-being; and one home-based intervention reduces child abuse, the severity of neglect, and mental health problems and improves school attendance. Moreover, this review also uncovered a lack of research from the Global South that points to serious disadvantages for authors and institutions and global violence prevention efforts, as it hinders the flow of knowledge and innovative practices.
CONCLUSIONS
The results highlight the need for future VAC prevention trials to integrate the SDG accelerators concept further. Additionally, more effort should be made to support scholars in the global South to address knowledge inequities and to enhance understanding of how accelerators work in different field settings and conditions. This effort will ensure that interventions accelerate SDG goals and impact the world's most vulnerable children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Sustainable Development; Africa; Violence; Child Abuse; Europe
PubMed: 37660427
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106427 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Jul 2024Extensive research has been conducted on the link between trauma, child maltreatment (CM), and chronic pain. Although the risk of suffering from chronic pain among CM... (Review)
Review
Extensive research has been conducted on the link between trauma, child maltreatment (CM), and chronic pain. Although the risk of suffering from chronic pain among CM survivors has been established, much less is known about the experience of pain during CM incidents or whether such peritraumatic pain sensations are associated with later chronic pain. This scoping review was conducted to synthesize the existing literature on pain during and a short time following CM (i.e., peritraumatic pain). Utilizing the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, the current review included 11 manuscripts, which met the following criteria: (a) refer to physical pain experienced during or a short time after CM, (b) were published in peer-reviewed journals, and (c) were written in English. The review demonstrated that most of the included studies were not intentionally focused on peritraumatic pain, the majority used qualitative research methods, and all were cross-sectional. Furthermore, although validated questionnaires are available, most of the studies did not utilize such measures. Those that intentionally reported pain demonstrated its high intensity and prevalence in CM incidents, indicating that pain is inherently embedded in the experience of maltreatment. The findings spotlight an underdeveloped research realm on a phenomenon that may hold significant empirical, clinical, and legal implications. Research endeavors should initiate interdisciplinary bodies of knowledge to establish well-validated research methodologies that properly quantify peritraumatic pain in trauma and CM.
Topics: Humans; Child Abuse; Child; Chronic Pain; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Female; Male
PubMed: 37655587
DOI: 10.1177/15248380231194069 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Apr 2024Informal supporters (friends, family, colleagues, and community members) play a crucial role in societal-wide responses to victim-survivors of domestic violence and... (Review)
Review
Informal supporters (friends, family, colleagues, and community members) play a crucial role in societal-wide responses to victim-survivors of domestic violence and abuse. Familial and social networks, however, report a sense of helplessness and difficulties in knowing how to respond. This mixed method systematic review examines the effectiveness, and perceived effectiveness, of training informal supporters to improve their responses to victim-survivors. A novel conceptual framework was developed to underpin the review. A systematic search of four electronic databases, specialist repositories, and websites were used to identify empirical research (in academic or gray literature). Eleven included studies examined educational interventions that aimed to improve responses from informal supporters. Quality appraisal was undertaken, and studies were judged to be "good enough" for synthesis. The studies in the review indicated that informal supporters recognized the value of training for building understanding and equipping them with the skills to respond to victim-survivors. The synthesis identified statistically significant improvements in the knowledge and attitudes of informal supporters in the immediate and short-term following training. Using a behavior change model to frame the evidence, the review found that training/educational activities prime informal supporters to respond to victim-survivors, as well as enhancing their capacity and motivation to do so. This increases the likelihood that informal supporters will take action to support victim-survivors of abuse. We don't know, however, what type of support they will provide and/or whether it would be judged to be helpful by victim-survivors.
Topics: Humans; Domestic Violence; Attitude; Friends; Survivors; Empirical Research
PubMed: 37649408
DOI: 10.1177/15248380231189191 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Apr 2024The impact of family violence (FV) on children is a significant global public policy issue. Earliest identification of FV among children is critical for preventing... (Review)
Review
The impact of family violence (FV) on children is a significant global public policy issue. Earliest identification of FV among children is critical for preventing escalating sequelae. While practitioners routinely ask adults about FV, there are relatively few measures that enable children to reliably self-report on their own safety. This review sought to systematically identify and appraise all available child self-report measures for screening and assessment of FV in both clinical and research settings. Database searching was conducted in January 2022. Articles were eligible for review if they included a validated child (5-18 years) self-report measure of FV (including victimization, perpetration, and/or exposure to inter-parental violence). Screening of an initial 4,714 records identified a total of 85 articles, representing 32 unique validated instruments. Results provide an up-to-date catalog of child self-report measures of FV, intended to benefit practitioners, services and researchers in selecting appropriate tools, and in understanding their suitability and limitations for different cohorts and practice goals. While just under half of the measures captured both exposure to inter-parental violence and direct victimization, none captured all three domains of exposure, victimization and perpetration together. Instruments with provision for input from multiple respondents (e.g., both child and parent report) and with assessment of contextual risk factors were few. Findings point to the need for developmentally appropriate, whole-of-family screening and assessment frameworks to support children in the early identification of family safety concerns.
Topics: Humans; Crime Victims; Domestic Violence; Risk Factors; Self Report; Child, Preschool; Child; Adolescent
PubMed: 37646364
DOI: 10.1177/15248380231194062 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Apr 2024Sporting environments provide opportunities for perpetrators to commit child sexual abuse (CSA). While awareness of CSA in sport and preventative interventions are... (Review)
Review
Sporting environments provide opportunities for perpetrators to commit child sexual abuse (CSA). While awareness of CSA in sport and preventative interventions are increasing, CSA in sport still occurs at alarming rates. A systematic review was conducted to identify and synthesize the extant literature on the enabling factors for CSA in sport. The 34 included articles were peer-reviewed and were primary sources; had full-text versions in English; included the individual, situational, environmental, or systemic antecedent factors and characteristics which enable CSA in organized sport (clubs, schools, universities, and representative teams); and focused on abuse in children (0-18 years old), and included retrospective incidents. The enabling factors from across the broader sports system were identified and mapped using a systems thinking-based approach, the Risk Management Framework (RMF) and the associated AcciMap method. The results indicated that enabling factors for CSA in sport were identified at multiple levels of the sporting system hierarchy. The results show that 24.1% ( = 46) of the enabling factors identified in the literature relate to the hierarchical level of the Athlete, teammates, opponents, and fans levels, and 52.9% ( = 101) of the enabling factors relate to the level of Direct supervisors, management, medical, and performance personnel level. However, only 13% ( = 25) of enabling factors to CSA in sport were identified at the combined top four hierarchical levels. Results indicate that the problem of CSA in sport is a systems issue, and future research is required to explore how these factors interact to enable CSA in sport.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Athletes; Child Abuse, Sexual; Retrospective Studies; Schools; Sports
PubMed: 37614195
DOI: 10.1177/15248380231190666 -
Childhood verbal abuse as a child maltreatment subtype: A systematic review of the current evidence.Child Abuse & Neglect Oct 2023In recent years, the prevalence of childhood emotional abuse has surpassed other forms of maltreatment. Childhood verbal abuse (CVA) is a key attribute of emotional... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the prevalence of childhood emotional abuse has surpassed other forms of maltreatment. Childhood verbal abuse (CVA) is a key attribute of emotional abuse, yet CVA is not recognized as its own form of maltreatment and thus, has not received adequate attention. Clear terminology, definitions, and measures are needed to aid in assessing the occurrence and impact of CVA for its recognition and prevention.
OBJECTIVE
We aim to synthesize the evidence on the terms, definitions, and measurements of CVA and identify outcomes associated with CVA.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
A systematic review focused on adult perpetration of CVA among children and adolescents using clinical, community-based, and population-based samples.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed and four databases were utilized in May 2022: PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ProQuest. A total of 149 quantitative and 17 qualitative studies were identified.
RESULTS
Across studies reviewed, the most common perpetrators of CVA were parents, mothers, and teachers. Definitional themes for CVA included negative speech volume, tone, and speech content, and their immediate impact. The most frequent measures cited were Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (ACE) Questionnaire and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS); 50 % used self-created measures. CVA was associated with a range of internalizing and externalizing outcomes across the lifespan.
CONCLUSIONS
Recognizing CVA as a form of maltreatment will be a starting point for its identification and prevention. Primary prevention of CVA using trauma-informed approaches must include adult training on the importance of safety, support, and nurturance during verbal communication with children.
Topics: Child; Adult; Female; Adolescent; Humans; Child Abuse; Mothers; Surveys and Questionnaires; Parents; Prevalence
PubMed: 37586139
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106394