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Diseases of the Esophagus : Official... Dec 2017It is generally recognized that in patients with an intact stomach diagnosed with esophageal cancer, gastric tubulization and pull-up shall always be the preferred... (Review)
Review
It is generally recognized that in patients with an intact stomach diagnosed with esophageal cancer, gastric tubulization and pull-up shall always be the preferred technique for reconstruction after an esophageal resection. However, in cases with extensive gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer with aboral spread and after previous gastric surgery, alternative methods for reconstruction have to be pursued. Moreover, in benign cases as well as in those with early neoplastic lesions of the esophagus and the GEJ that are associated with long survival, it is basically unclear which conduit should be recommended. The aim of this study is to determine the long-term functional outcomes of different conduits used for esophageal replacement, based on a comprehensive literature review. Eligible were all clinical studies reporting outcomes after esophagectomy, which contained information on at least three years of follow-up after the operation in patients who were older than 18 years of age at the time of the operation. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic web-based search using MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases was performed, reviewing medical literature published between January 2006 and December 2015. The scientific quality of the data was generally low, which allowed us to incorporate only 16 full text articles for the final analyses. After a gastric pull-up, the proportion of patients who suffered from dysphagia varied substantially but seemed to decrease over time with a mild dysphagia remaining during long-term follow-up. When reflux-related symptoms and complications were addressed, roughly two third of patients experienced mild to moderate reflux symptoms a long time after the resection. Following an isoperistaltic colonic graft, the functional long-term outcomes regarding swallowing difficulties were sparsely reported, while three studies reported reflux/regurgitation symptoms in the range of 5% to 16%, one of which reported the symptom severity as being mild. Only one report was available after the use of a long jejunal segment, which contained only six patients, who scored the severity of dysphagia and reflux as mild. Very few if any data were available on a structured assessment of dumping and disturbed bowel functions. Few high-quality data are available on the long-term functional outcomes after esophageal replacement irrespective of the use of a gastric tube, the right or left colon or a long jejunal segment. No firm conclusions regarding the advantages of one graft over the other can presently be drawn.
Topics: Colon; Deglutition Disorders; Dumping Syndrome; Esophagectomy; Esophagoplasty; Gastric Emptying; Humans; Jejunum; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux; Postoperative Complications; Stomach; Surgically-Created Structures; Time Factors
PubMed: 28881882
DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox083 -
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Sep 2017The indications of esophageal replacement (ER) in pediatric patients include long gap esophageal atresia (LGEA), intractable post-corrosive esophageal strictures (PCES),... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The indications of esophageal replacement (ER) in pediatric patients include long gap esophageal atresia (LGEA), intractable post-corrosive esophageal strictures (PCES), and some rare esophageal diseases. Various conduits and procedures are currently used worldwide with a lack of consensus regarding the ideal substitute to replace the esophagus replacement. The short-term outcomes of these advanced procedures are well known; there are few data available describing long-term functional outcomes of these patients with long life expectancy.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study is to investigate the long-term functional outcomes of the most widely used techniques for ER in pediatric patients based on a comprehensive literature search covering the last 10years.
METHODS
Eligible were all clinical studies reporting outcomes after esophagectomy in pediatric patients, which contained information on at least 3years of follow-up after the operation. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic web-based search using MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases was performed, reviewing all medical literature published between January 2006 and December 2015.
RESULTS
The scientific quality of the data was generally poor, converging toward only 14 full-text articles for the final analysis. The stomach was the preferred organ for esophageal replacement, where the tubulization of the stomach resulted in significant gastroesophageal reflux. Dysphagia symptoms were more seldom reported, but several authors presented growing figures with the length of follow-up. Dumping syndrome and delayed gastric emptying were only scarcely reported upon. Following colonic graft, chronic gastrocolic reflux affects these patients, in the range of 35-70.8%, while 4 studies reported any dysphagia from 2.7% to 50% of the children. Only one study reported the outcome of the use of a long jejunal segment, where presence of symptoms of functional obstruction was mentioned in 46% of cases. Very few if any data were available on a structured assessment of postprandial dumping and disturbed bowel functions.
CONCLUSIONS
Available data in pediatric patients, on the long-term functional outcomes after esophageal replacement with a gastric tube, colonic graft or a long jejunal segment, are of poor scientific quality. Although symptoms are frequently reported currently no conclusions can be drawn regarding potential advantages of one graft over another.
TYPE OF STUDY
Treatment study, systematic review.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV.
Topics: Child; Child Welfare; Esophageal Atresia; Esophageal Diseases; Esophageal Stenosis; Esophagoplasty; Humans; Infant; Jejunum
PubMed: 28625693
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.05.034 -
Medicine Jul 2016Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare entity with distinctive morphology and of expressing myomelanocytic markers. Gastrointestinal tract (GI) is one of... (Review)
Review
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare entity with distinctive morphology and of expressing myomelanocytic markers. Gastrointestinal tract (GI) is one of the most common anatomic sites of origin and counts for 20% to 25% of all reported cases of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors not otherwise specified (PEComas-NOS). However, the biologic behavior of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors of gastrointestinal tract (GI PEComas-NOS) is still unclear. The aim of conducting this systematic review is to sum up what is known so far of the epidemiology, natural history, management and prognosis of GI PEComas-NOS.A systematic research was performed on PubMed and EMBASE using the following terms: ("perivascular epithelioid cell tumor" or "PEComa") and ("gastrointestinal tract" or "GI" or "oral " or "mouth" or "esophagus" or "gullet" or "gastric" or "stomach" or "duodenum" or "jejunum" or "ileum" or "cecum" or "colon" or "colorectal" or "sigmoid" or "rectum" or "anus" or "mesentery") up to December 1, 2015. Retrieved GI PEComas-NOS publications, which included these terms, contains case reports, case series to case characteristic researches.A total of 168 articles were reviewed, 41 GI PEComa-NOS English studies among which were retrieved for analysis. We reviewed epidemiology, natural history, management and prognosis of GI PEComa-NOS. Generally GI PEComa-NOS is believed to have women predomination. The most frequently involved location is colon with non-specific clinical signs. Pathologically, GI PEComas-NOS shows epithelioid predominance (70%), meanwhile coexpresses melanocytic and muscle markers characteristically, while immunohistochemistry is a useful tool for identify, which indicates that HMB-45 is regarded as the most sensitive reagent. Complete resection served as mainstay of treatment, while chemotherapy should be unanimously considered to apply in malignant cases. Eventually, it is necessary for closed and long-term follow-up with endoscope and imaging for ruling out local recurrence or distant metastasis of this tumor.GI PEComas-NOS lives with unclear behavior. There are still many unverified clinicopathological issues of GI PEComas-NOS that needs to be clarified. Further studies and analyses concerning this rare entity should be brought out. Thus, the randomized clinical researches (RCTs) are required to be conducted.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 27428182
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003890 -
Journal of Investigative Surgery : the... Jun 2016The reconstruction of the pancreas after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a crucial factor in preventing postoperative complications as pancreatic anastomosis failure is... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The reconstruction of the pancreas after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a crucial factor in preventing postoperative complications as pancreatic anastomosis failure is associated with a high morbidity rate and contributes to prolonged hospitalization and mortality. Several techniques have been described for the reconstruction of pancreatic digestive continuity in the attempt to minimize the risk of a pancreatic fistula. The aim of this study was to compare the results of pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy after PD.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to January 2015 comparing patients with pancreaticogastrostomy (PG group) versus pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ group). Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility and quality of the studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using either the fixed-effect or the random-effect model.
RESULTS
Eight RCTs describing 1,211 patients were identified for inclusion in the study. The meta-analysis shows that the PG group had a significantly lower incidence rate of postoperative pancreatic fistulas [OR 0.64 (95% confidence interval 0.46-0.86), p = .003], intra-abdominal abscesses [OR 0.53 (95% CI, 0.33-0.85), p = .009] and length of hospital stay [MD -1.62; (95% CI 2.63-0.61), p = .002] than the PJ group, while biliary fistula, mortality, morbidity, rate of delayed gastric emptying, reoperation, and bleeding did not differ between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis suggests that the most effective treatment for reconstruction of pancreatic continuity after pancreatoduodenectomy is pancreaticogastrostomy. However, the advantage of the latter could potentially be demonstrated through further RCTs, including only patients at high risk of developing pancreatic fistulas.
Topics: Abdominal Abscess; Anastomosis, Surgical; Anastomotic Leak; Gastrostomy; Humans; Jejunum; Length of Stay; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Fistula; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Pancreaticojejunostomy; Postoperative Complications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Reoperation; Stomach; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26682701
DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1093047 -
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Mar 2016Compared with bariatric surgery, less invasive and reversible techniques to counteract obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been developed, including the EndoBarrier... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Compared with bariatric surgery, less invasive and reversible techniques to counteract obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been developed, including the EndoBarrier Gastrointestinal Liner [duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve (DJBS)]. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of eligible trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the DJBS. Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 235 subjects) and 10 observational studies (211 subjects) were included. The risk of bias was evaluated as high in all studies. The mean body mass index ranged from 30 to 49.2 kg/m(2) and 10-100% of the subjects had T2D. Meta-analysis showed that the DJBS was associated with significant mean differences in body weight and excess weight loss of -5.1 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) -7.3, -3.0; four trials; n = 151; I(2) = 37%] and 12.6% (95% CI 9.0, 16.2; four trials; n = 166; I(2) = 24%), respectively, compared with diet modification. The mean differences in glycated haemoglobin (-0.9%; 95% CI -1.8, 0.0) and fasting plasma glucose (-3.7 mM; 95% CI -8.2, 0.8) among subjects with T2D did not reach statistical significance. Adverse events consisted mainly of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. No deaths occurred. Future high-quality long-term RCTs are needed to further assess efficacy and safety.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Duodenum; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Jejunoileal Bypass; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Obesity; Observational Studies as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Vomiting; Weight Loss
PubMed: 26537317
DOI: 10.1111/dom.12603 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Aug 2015Nutritional support is an essential component of critical care. Malnutrition has been associated with poor outcomes among patients in intensive care units (ICUs).... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Nutritional support is an essential component of critical care. Malnutrition has been associated with poor outcomes among patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Evidence suggests that in patients with a functional gut, nutrition should be administered through the enteral route. One of the main concerns regarding use of the enteral route is the reduction in gastric motility that is often responsible for limited caloric intake. This increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia as well. Post-pyloric feeding, in which the feed is delivered directly into the duodenum or the jejunum, could solve these issues and provide additional benefits over routine gastric administration of the feed.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of post-pyloric feeding versus gastric feeding for critically ill adults who require enteral tube feeding.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL;2013 Issue 10), MEDLINE (Ovid) (1950 to October 2013), EMBASE (Ovid) (1980 to October 2013) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) via EBSCO host (1982 to October 2013). We reran the search on 4 February 2015 and will deal with the one study of interest when we update the review.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding in critically ill adults.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We extracted data using the standard methods of the Cochrane Anaesthesia, Critical and Emergency Care Group and separately evaluated trial quality and data extraction as performed by each review author. We contacted trials authors to request missing data.
MAIN RESULTS
We pooled data from 14 trials of 1109 participants in a meta-analysis. Moderate quality evidence suggests that post-pyloric feeding is associated with low rates of pneumonia compared with gastric tube feeding (risk ratio (RR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.84). Low-quality evidence shows an increase in the percentage of total nutrient delivered to the patient by post-pyloric feeding (mean difference (MD) 7.8%, 95% CI 1.43 to 14.18).Evidence of moderate quality revealed no differences in duration of mechanical ventilation or in mortality. Intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay was similar between the two groups. The effect on the time required to achieve the full nutrition target was uncertain (MD -1.99 hours 95% CI -10.97 to 6.99) (very low-quality evidence). We found no evidence suggesting an increase in the rate of complications during insertion or maintenance of the tube in the post-pyloric group (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.364; RR1.63, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.86, respectively); evidence was assessed as being of low quality for both.Risk of bias was generally low in most studies, and review authors expressed concern regarding lack of blinding of the caregiver in most trials.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We found moderate-quality evidence of a 30% lower rate of pneumonia associated with post-pyloric feeding and low-quality evidence suggesting an increase in the amount of nutrition delivered to these participants. We do not have sufficient evidence to show that other clinically important outcomes such as duration of mechanical ventilation, mortality and length of stay were affected by the site of tube feeding.Low-quality evidence suggests that insertion of a post-pyloric feeding tube appears to be safe and was not associated with increased complications when compared with gastric tube insertion. Placement of the post-pyloric tube can present challenges; the procedure is technically difficult, requiring expertise and sophisticated radiological or endoscopic assistance.We recommend that use of a post-pyloric feeding tube may be preferred for ICU patients for whom placement of the post-pyloric feeding tube is feasible. Findings of this review preclude recommendations regarding the best method for placing the post-pyloric feeding tube. The clinician is left with this decision, which should be based on the policies of institutional facilities and should be made on a case-by-case basis. Protocols and training for bedside placement by physicians or nurses should be evaluated.
Topics: Adult; Critical Illness; Duodenum; Enteral Nutrition; Gastrointestinal Motility; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Jejunum; Length of Stay; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 26241698
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008875.pub2 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Sep 2015The increasing global burden of obesity and its associated comorbidities has created an urgent need for additional treatment options to fight this pandemic. Endoscopic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The increasing global burden of obesity and its associated comorbidities has created an urgent need for additional treatment options to fight this pandemic. Endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBTs) provide an effective and minimally invasive treatment approach to obesity that would increase treatment options beyond surgery, medications, and lifestyle measures. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) Bariatric Endoscopy Task Force comprising experts in the subject area and the ASGE Technology Committee Chair to specifically assess whether acceptable performance thresholds outlined by an ASGE Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations (PIVI) document for clinical adoption of available EBTs have been met. After conducting a comprehensive search of several English-language databases, we performed direct meta-analyses by using random-effects models to assess whether the Orbera intragastric balloon (IGB) (Apollo Endosurgery, Austin, Tex) and the EndoBarrier duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve (DJBS) (GI Dynamics, Lexington, Mass) have met the PIVI thresholds. The meta-analyses results indicate that the Orbera IGB meets the PIVI thresholds for both primary and nonprimary bridge obesity therapy. Based on a meta-analysis of 17 studies including 1683 patients, the percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) with the Orbera IGB at 12 months was 25.44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.47%-29.41%) (random model) with a mean difference in %EWL over controls of 26.9% (95% CI, 15.66%-38.24%; P ≤ .01) in 3 randomized, controlled trials. Furthermore, the pooled percentage of total body weight loss (% TBWL) after Orbera IGB implantation was 12.3% (95% CI, 7.9%–16.73%), 13.16% (95% CI, 12.37%–13.95%), and 11.27% (95% CI, 8.17%–14.36%) at 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation, respectively, thus exceeding the PIVI threshold of 5% TBWL for nonprimary (bridge) obesity therapy. With the data available, the DJBS liner does appear to meet the %EWL PIVI threshold at 12 months, resulting in 35% EWL (95% CI, 24%-46%) but does not meet the 15% EWL over control required by the PIVI. We await review of the pivotal trial data on the efficacy and safety of this device. Data are insufficient to evaluate PIVI thresholds for any other EBT at this time. Both evaluated EBTs had ≤5% incidence of serious adverse events as set by the PIVI document to indicate acceptable safety profiles. Our task force consequently recognizes the Orbera IGB for meeting the PIVI criteria for the management of obesity. As additional data from the other EBTs become available, we will update our recommendations accordingly.
Topics: Advisory Committees; Bariatric Surgery; Duodenum; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Gastric Balloon; Humans; Jejunum; Obesity; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26232362
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.03.1964 -
The American Surgeon May 2015Esophagojejunal anastomosis leakage is one of the major complications after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer and is an independent predictor of survival. Our aim is... (Review)
Review
Esophagojejunal anastomosis leakage is one of the major complications after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer and is an independent predictor of survival. Our aim is to systematically review the literature and discuss the reported therapeutic approaches to identify the best therapeutic approach. Pubmed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CILEA Archive, BMJ Clinical Evidence, and Up ToDate databases were screened limiting the research to articles written in English from January 1992 through December 2013. This way a total of 474 manuscripts were retrieved for furthermore evaluation. Eleven manuscripts were considered eligible and the study is focused on those works. We analyzed a total of 3,893 patients and 114 cases of esophagojejunal anastomosis leakage. Different treatments were grouped into three main categories: conservative approach (66 cases), endoscopic approach (21 cases), and surgical approach (27 cases). The overall mortality rate is 26.32 per cent and surgical approach showed the higher rate. According to the reported data, a complete resolution of the leakage can be achieved in an interval ranging from 7 to 28 days in the group treated conservatively. Conservative approach should always be considered as the treatment of choice. Reoperation may be necessary in case of wide dehiscence or when other treatments fail; therefore, the high mortality rate related to this procedure is due to the comorbidities of patients undergoing relaparotomy. Finally, endoscopic approach with endoclips seems promising but needs furthermore studies.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Anastomotic Leak; Esophagus; Gastrectomy; Humans; Jejunum; Stomach Neoplasms; Time Factors
PubMed: 25975326
DOI: No ID Found -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Jul 2015Surgically altered pancreaticobiliary anatomy increases the difficulty of performing ERCP. Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is a relatively new technique that can be... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Surgically altered pancreaticobiliary anatomy increases the difficulty of performing ERCP. Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is a relatively new technique that can be used for ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the therapeutic and diagnostic success of SBE-ERCP among patients with surgically altered anatomy.
DESIGN/SETTING
Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies involving SBE-ERCP in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, hepaticojejunostomy, or Whipple procedure. Enteroscopy success was defined as success in reaching the papilla and/or biliary anastomosis by using SBE. Diagnostic success was defined as obtaining a cholangiogram. Procedural success was defined as the ability to provide successful intervention, if appropriate. A random-effects model was used.
RESULTS
A total of 461 patients underwent SBE-ERCP from 15 trials. The pooled enteroscopy, diagnostic, and procedural success rates were 80.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75.3%-86.4%), 69.4% (95% CI, 61.0%-77.9%), and 61.7% (95% CI, 52.9%-70.5%), respectively. There was statistical large heterogeneity for enteroscopy, diagnostic, and therapeutic success (P < .001 for all). Adverse events occurred in 6.5% (95% CI, 4.7%-9.1%) of patients. There was no evidence of publication bias in this meta-analysis.
LIMITATIONS
Our findings and interpretations are limited by the quantity and heterogeneity of the studies included in the analysis.
CONCLUSION
SBE-ERCP has high diagnostic and procedural success rates in this challenging patient population. It should be considered a first-line intervention when biliary access is required after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, hepaticojejunostomy, or Whipple procedure.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Bile Ducts; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Gastric Bypass; Humans; Jejunum; Liver; Models, Statistical; Pancreaticoduodenectomy
PubMed: 25922248
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.02.013 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jan 2015Enteral nutrition by feeding tube is a common and efficient method of providing nutritional support to prevent malnutrition in hospitalised patients who have adequate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Enteral nutrition by feeding tube is a common and efficient method of providing nutritional support to prevent malnutrition in hospitalised patients who have adequate gastrointestinal function but who are unable to eat. Gastric feeding may be associated with higher rates of food aspiration and pneumonia than post-pyloric naso-enteral tubes. Thus, enteral feeding tubes are placed directly into the small intestine rather than the stomach, and the use of metoclopramide, a prokinetic agent, has been recommended to achieve post-pyloric placement, but its efficacy is controversial. Moreover, metoclopramide may include adverse reactions, which with high doses or prolonged use may be serious and irreversible.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effect of intravenous metoclopramide on post-pyloric placement of the naso-enteral tube in adults.
SEARCH METHODS
Trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2014, Issue 10) which includes the CUGPD group's specialised register of trials, MEDLINE (1996 to 21 October 2014), EMBASE (1988 to 21 October 2014), LILACS (2005 to 21 October 2014) We did not confine our search to English language publications. Searches in all databases were updated originally in January 2005, then in November 2008 and again in October 2014. No new studies were found in 2008 or in 2014.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We selected randomised controlled trials of adults needing enteral nutrition, who received intravenous or intramuscular metoclopramide to aid placement of transpyloric naso-enteral feeding tubes, compared to placebo or no intervention.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. All analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat method. We present risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
MAIN RESULTS
Four studies, with a total of 204 participants were included and analysed. The trials compared metoclopramide with placebo (two trials) or with no intervention (two trials). Metoclopramide was investigated at doses of 10 mg (two trials) and 20 mg (two trials). There was no statistically significant difference between metoclopramide versus placebo or no intervention administered to promote tube placement (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.10). Metoclopramide at doses of 10 mg (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.11) and 20 mg (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.62) were equally ineffective in facilitating post-pyloric intubation when compared with placebo or no intervention.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
In this review, we found only four studies that fitted our inclusion criteria. These were small, underpowered studies, in which metoclopramide was given at doses of 10 mg and 20 mg. Our analysis showed that metoclopramide did not assist post-pyloric placement of naso-enteral feeding tubes.Ideally randomised clinical trials should be performed that have a significant sample size, administering metoclopramide against control, however, given the lack of efficacy revealed by this review it is unlikely that further studies will be performed.
Topics: Antiemetics; Duodenum; Enteral Nutrition; Gastric Emptying; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Jejunum; Metoclopramide; Pylorus; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 25564770
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003353.pub2