-
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2023Self-consciousness is defined as a subject (I) then becomes the object (Me) associated with a present moment of self-experience in which one is aware of their experience...
OBJECTIVE
Self-consciousness is defined as a subject (I) then becomes the object (Me) associated with a present moment of self-experience in which one is aware of their experience without any reflexive judgment attached, a state commonly investigated in mindfulness studies. On the other hand, self-consciousness is viewed as a reflexive experience and, thus, as a synonym for self-reflection. Self-consciousness is an important determinant of behaviors. Expanding self-consciousness is important among adults with diabetes to optimize health prevention and compliance with diabetes self-management in the long term. The chronic complications of diabetes comprise heart disease, stroke, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This review aims to explain the relationship between self-consciousness and chronic diabetes complications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic literature search was conducted in the English language in several databases. The Joanna-Briggs Institute was referenced for the quality assessment of case studies, cohort and cross-sectional studies, and qualitative studies, while systematic reviews were evaluated through PRISMA-S. Results were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
A total of 89 studies related to self-consciousness of diabetes chronic complications were not found. However, many findings related to chronic complications are based on a lack of knowledge of diabetes and long-term self-management. People with less education, multiple comorbidities, and cognitive dysfunction need lifestyle changes to prevent diabetes and chronic complications.
CONCLUSIONS
Future research should be oriented toward assessing the risk of chronic diabetes complications. Our findings suggest that research should expand self-consciousness and caring partnerships to improve self-consciousness and patients' obedience.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Health Status; Quality of Life; Health Literacy; Mindfulness
PubMed: 38164869
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34805 -
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials 2024The aim of this study is to synthesize the existing evidence on various palliative care (PC) models for cancer patients. This effort seeks to discern which facets of PC...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to synthesize the existing evidence on various palliative care (PC) models for cancer patients. This effort seeks to discern which facets of PC models are suitable for various patient cohorts, elucidate their mechanisms, and clarify the circumstances in which these models operate.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was performed using MeSH terms related to PC and cancer across various databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and a comprehensive evidence map were also applied.
RESULTS
Thirty-three reviews were published between 2009 and 2023. The conceptual PC models can be classified broadly into time-based, provider-based, disease-based, nurse-based, issue-based, system-based, team-based, non-hospice-based, hospital-based, community-based, telehealth-based, and setting-based models. The study argues that the outcomes of PC encompass timely symptom management, longitudinal psychosocial support, enhanced communication, and decision-making. Referral methods to specialized PC services include oncologist-initiated referral based on clinical judgment alone, via referral criteria, automatic referral at the diagnosis of advanced cancer, or referral based on symptoms or other triggers.
CONCLUSION
The gold standard for selecting a PC model in the context of oncology is a model that ensures broad availability of early PC for all patients and provides well-timed, scheduled, and specialized care for patients with the greatest requirement.
Topics: Palliative Care; Humans; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology
PubMed: 38155467
DOI: 10.2174/0115748871272511231215053624 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Jan 2024Prior research indicates that social media is primarily a negative contributor to Covid-19 vaccine outcomes.
Promoter or barrier? Assessing how social media predicts Covid-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: A systematic review of primary series and booster vaccine investigations.
RATIONALE
Prior research indicates that social media is primarily a negative contributor to Covid-19 vaccine outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
The current systematic review of Covid-19 primary series and booster vaccine investigations provides a more nuanced and comprehensive assessment of this association by exploring a) how distinct social media judgments and actions predict different vaccine-related outcomes - perceptions and intentions/uptake, b) both primary series and booster findings, c) types of social media, and d) comparisons across different populations.
METHOD
We conducted a systematic review of published research examining the link between social media and COVID-19 vaccine outcomes - judgments, intentions, and uptake. Overall, we identified 113 published articles.
RESULTS
The findings reveal complex associations between distinct social media predictors and these outcomes. The most consistent negative relationships emerge within studies looking at 'social media as an information source,' 'trust', and 'general social media use/passive exposure' as predictors of less favorable vaccine judgments and intentions/uptake. Conversely, studies focused on 'information seeking' indicate more mixed results. Among the few booster investigations, there are more positive than negative associations between social media predictors and Covid-19 vaccine intentions. Across different social media platforms and sample populations, social media was a less robust/consistent negative predictor of COVID-19 judgments and intentions.
CONCLUSIONS
While social media can contribute to more negative COVID-19 vaccine judgments and motivations, the consistency of this relationship may vary across populations, the platforms users access, and the nature of exposure. Overall, social media campaigns promoting COVID-19 vaccines should employ distinct strategies to target those individuals that value social media as an information resource.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Intention; Motivation; Social Media; Vaccination
PubMed: 38042027
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116378 -
Epidemiology and Health 2023Cancer is a major health burden in Korea, and dietary factors have been suggested as putative risk factors for cancer development at various sites. This study... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Cancer is a major health burden in Korea, and dietary factors have been suggested as putative risk factors for cancer development at various sites. This study systematically reviewed the published literature investigating the associations between dietary factors and cancer incidence among Korean adults, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses guidelines. We focused on the 5 most studied cancer sites (stomach, colorectum, breast, thyroid, and cervix) as outcomes and dietary exposures with evidence levels greater than limited-suggestive according to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) panel's judgment for any of the cancer sites. This resulted in the inclusion of 72 studies. Pooled estimates of the impact of dietary factors on cancer risk suggested protective associations of fruits and vegetables with risks for gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and breast cancer (BC) and dietary vitamin C with the risk of GC, as well as a harmful association between fermented soy products and the risk of GC. Despite the limited number of studies, we observed consistent protective associations of dietary fiber with GC and dietary fiber, coffee, and calcium with CRC. These findings are largely consistent with the WCRF/AICR expert report. However, pooled estimates for the associations of other salt-preserved foods with GC, meat with CRC, and dietary carotenoids and dairy products with BC did not reach statistical significance. Further studies with prospective designs, larger sample sizes, and diverse types of dietary factors and cancer sites are necessary.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Eating; Incidence; Neoplasms; Republic of Korea; Risk Factors; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38037322
DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023102 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Cognitive approaches are increasingly used to assess animal welfare, but no systematic review has been conducted on pigs despite their cognitive capacities. Our aims...
Cognitive approaches are increasingly used to assess animal welfare, but no systematic review has been conducted on pigs despite their cognitive capacities. Our aims were two-fold: first, to assess the popularity and heterogeneity of this approach by quantifying the different cognitive tasks used and welfare interventions studied. The second was to assess how often results from cognitive tasks supported treatment effects. The search yielded 36 studies that met our criteria. Eleven different cognitive tasks were applied (three most common: judgment bias, learned approach/aversion, and holeboard). Welfare interventions investigated were also diverse: the impact of 19 other different events/conditions/states were reported (most common: housing enrichment). We defined "supportive" as the observation of a significant difference between treatment groups consistent with an author's expectation or hypothesis. Supportive findings were reported in 44% of papers. Interventions yielded no significant difference in 33% of studies. In another 21% of reports, outcomes were mixed and a single study refuted the author's predictions. When considering specific cognitive tasks, authors' predictions of welfare differences were supported most often when using learned approach/aversion (55% of these studies). Similar supportive results were observed less commonly (40% each) when using judgment bias and holeboard tests. Analysis of additional concomitant measures of welfare (health, physiology or behavior) revealed that behavioral measures were most frequently supportive of author's expectations (41%) as well as often matching the actual outcomes of these cognitive tasks (47%). This systematic review highlights the growing popularity of cognitive tasks as measures of pig welfare. However, overall rates of supportive results, i.e., changes in performance on cognitive tasks due to welfare interventions, have been limited so far, even for the most employed task, judgment bias. The numerous different combinations of experimental paradigms and welfare interventions reported in the literature creates challenges for a critical meta-analysis of the field especially in evaluating the efficiency of specific cognitive tasks in assessing animal welfare. This work also highlights important knowledge gaps in the use of cognitive tasks that will require both further validation as well as novel innovation to ensure that their potential is fully realized in the measurement of pig welfare.
PubMed: 38033647
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1251070 -
Prosthetics and Orthotics International Jun 2024Prosthetic alignment is a highly subjective process that is still based on clinical judgments. Thus, researchers have aimed their effort to quantify prosthetic alignment...
Prosthetic alignment is a highly subjective process that is still based on clinical judgments. Thus, researchers have aimed their effort to quantify prosthetic alignment by providing an objective method that can assist and guide prosthetists in achieving transtibial (TT) prosthetic alignment. This systematic review aimed to examine the current literature on TT prosthetic alignment to scope the qualitative and quantitative methods designed to guide prosthetists throughout the TT prosthetic alignment process as well as evaluate the reported instruments and devices that are used to align TT prostheses and their clinical feasibility. A literature search, completed in June 2022, was performed using the following databases: Web of Science (Clarivate), SCOPUS (Elsevier), and Pub Med (Medline) with searching terms focusing on TT, prosthesis, prosthetist, prosthetic alignment, and questionnaires, resulting in 2790 studies being screened. Twenty-four studies have used quantitative methodologies, where sensor technologies were found to be the most frequently proposed technology combined with gait analysis tools and/or subjective assessments. A qualitative method that assists prosthetists throughout the alignment process was not found. In this systematic review, we presented diverse methods for guiding and assisting clinical decision-making regarding TT prosthetic alignment. However, most of these methods considered varied parameters, and there is a need for elaboration toward standardized methods, which would improve the prosthetic alignment clinical outcome.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Limbs; Tibia; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Fitting; Clinical Decision-Making; Decision Making; Amputees
PubMed: 38018968
DOI: 10.1097/PXR.0000000000000309 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Nov 2023We aimed to rate the importance of outcomes from a systematic review about biosimilars in oncology from patients' perspective.
PURPOSE
We aimed to rate the importance of outcomes from a systematic review about biosimilars in oncology from patients' perspective.
METHODS
This is a qualitative research with nominal group technique. Patients with cancer were selected by convenience sampling and invited for two mediated virtual meetings in 2022. Twelve outcomes from a systematic review on biosimilars for oncology developed following a protocol were explained in plain language to participants who classified them as critical, important, or not important according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. We employed Iramuteq software for lexical categorization of the meeting transcripts, and content analysis for interpretation.
RESULTS
Five women participated (three had metastatic cancer, one non-metastatic, one recurrent). Six outcomes were classified as critical: duration of response, progression-free survival, pathological complete response, overall survival, severe adverse events, and quality of life; three as important: mortality, event-free survival, and objective response; and three as non-important: neutralizing anti-drug antibody, any adverse event, and non-neutralizing anti-drug antibody. Duration of response, pathological complete response, severe adverse events, and quality of life were considered secondary in the review protocol, but critical by the patients. The main themes influencing the importance classification were related to the disease (progression and control) and treatment (recognition and healthcare setting).
CONCLUSION
Patients rated most outcomes as critical or important, some of them previously regarded as secondary by the researchers, which reinforces the need to include stakeholders' perspectives in oncology research. Aspects of the disease progression and treatment effects influenced participants' judgment on outcomes' relevance.
Topics: Humans; Female; Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals; Quality of Life; Neoplasms; Qualitative Research; Patients
PubMed: 38008777
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08184-6 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Feb 2024Profound negative implications of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have raised public health concern worldwide. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Profound negative implications of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have raised public health concern worldwide.
METHOD
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined associations of three types of ACEs (abuse, neglect, and household dysfunctions) with experiential (emotional quality of momentary and everyday experiences) and reflective (judgments about life satisfaction, sense of meaning, and ability to pursue goals that can include and extend beyond the self) facets of emotional well-being (EWB) and educational achievement. The systematic review yielded 100 studies with 176 effect sizes that met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
ACEs were related particularly strongly to lower EWB, r = -0.32, p < .001; [95 % CI: -0.44 to 0.01], but also to lower educational achievement, r = -0.18, p < .001; [95 % CI: -0.21 to -0.05]. Associations were stronger for abuse and composite indicators of ACEs than for household dysfunctions. Associations of ACEs with EWB and educational achievement were stronger in childhood and adolescence than in emerging or later adulthood. Associations did not differ for males and females or for Eastern versus Western cultural groups. Analyses provided evidence for the causal role of ACEs in the development of lower EWB and academic achievement as well as their reciprocal associations.
LIMITATIONS
There is no standard conceptualization of well-being and studies are not always clear about the types of ACEs examined, with limited research on educational achievement.
CONCLUSION
Findings have important implications for mental health professionals, policy makers and social service agencies in developing resources and intervention services that target ACEs to protect individuals and promote well-being and academic achievement.
Topics: Male; Female; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Adult; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Academic Success; Child Abuse; Educational Status; Emotions
PubMed: 38000469
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.083 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Nov 2023Negative symptoms are very important for the overall loss of functioning observed in patients with schizophrenia. There is a need for valid tools to assess these...
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS
Negative symptoms are very important for the overall loss of functioning observed in patients with schizophrenia. There is a need for valid tools to assess these symptoms.
STUDY DESIGN
We used the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) systematic review guideline to evaluate the quality of the clinical assessment interview for negative symptoms (CAINS) as a clinician-rated outcome measurement (ClinROM).
STUDY RESULTS
The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 13 articles, 11 of which were included in this evaluation. In terms of risk of bias, most articles reported on measures of internal consistency and construct validity, which were overall of good quality. Structural validity, reliability, measurement error, and cross-cultural validity were reported with less than optimum quality. There was a risk of bias in ClinROM development. According to the updated criteria of good measurement properties, structural validity, internal consistency, and reliability showed good results. In contrast, hypothesis testing was somewhat poorer. Results for cross-cultural validity were indeterminate. According to the updated GRADE approach from the COSMIN group the scale received a moderate grade.
CONCLUSIONS
The COSMIN standard allows a judgment of the CAINS as an instrument with the potential to be recommended for use, but which requires further research to assess its quality, in particular in the domains of content validity, internal consistency, and cross-cultural validity.
PubMed: 37951838
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad137 -
Nurse Education in Practice Nov 2023To synthesize and analyze the literature on nursing clinical competence to assess the factors affecting nursing clinical competency. (Review)
Review
AIM
To synthesize and analyze the literature on nursing clinical competence to assess the factors affecting nursing clinical competency.
BACKGROUND
Nursing competence affects not only patients but also nurses themselves. Competent nurses contribute to patient safety. Prioritizing clinical competency enables nurses to deliver high-quality care. Clinical nursing competency is influenced by various factors including education and training, experience, professional development, clinical judgment, decision-making skills and communication.
DESIGN
This was a systematic review.
METHODS
This study utilized an extensive literature search of online databases, including SCOPUS, Web of Science and PubMed. This review followed the guidelines provided by the Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) Cochrane Group and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.
RESULTS
This systematic review provided 20 valuable articles, with a total of 6273 participants across the 20 studies, including 18 cross-sectional studies and two descriptive-correlational studies, predominantly using quantitative research methods. The analysis revealed several key factors that significantly affect nurses' clinical competency. These factors included years of experience, workplace environment, theoretical knowledge and educational level, marital status, clinical training, job satisfaction, turnover intention, job stress and critical thinking.
CONCLUSIONS
Understanding and addressing these factors are crucial for enhancing nurses' clinical competence and ultimately improving patient outcomes. Further research and interventions should be directed towards promoting supportive work environments, continuous education and the development of critical thinking skills among nurses to optimize their clinical competencies.
Topics: Humans; Clinical Competence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Job Satisfaction; Communication; Nurses
PubMed: 37951064
DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103826