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Scientific Reports Jul 2024Studies on the association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to systematically review the current... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Studies on the association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to systematically review the current evidence on the association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer and to quantify this association by performing a meta-analysis. A comprehensive systematic search was performed on online databases up to July 2023 investigating the association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer. All prospective cohort studies reporting odds ratios (ORs), rate or risk ratios (RRs), or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in this context were included. The overall effect size was calculated using the random-effects model and statistical between-studies heterogeneity was examined using Cochrane's Q test and I. A total of 14 prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. We found a significant positive association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.47). This association remained significant when we included a pooled analysis paper and excluded 5 cohort studies (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.66). We observed no proof of significant publication bias using Egger's test (P = 0.58). Moreover, dose-response analysis showed that each one cup/day increase in coffee consumption was related with a 6% higher lung cancer risk (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.09). In conclusion, we found a significant positive association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer.
Topics: Coffee; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 38951141
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62619-6 -
BMJ Open Jul 2024We systematically assessed prediction models for the risk of in-hospital and 30-day mortality in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients.
Critical appraisal and assessment of bias among studies evaluating risk prediction models for in-hospital and 30-day mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review.
OBJECTIVE
We systematically assessed prediction models for the risk of in-hospital and 30-day mortality in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients.
DESIGN
Systematic review and narrative synthesis.
DATA SOURCES
Searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database and SinoMed for literature up to 31 August 2023.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
The included literature consists of studies in Chinese or English involving PCI patients aged ≥18 years. These studies aim to develop risk prediction models and include designs such as cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies or randomised controlled trials. Each prediction model must contain at least two predictors. Exclusion criteria encompass models that include outcomes other than death post-PCI, literature lacking essential details on study design, model construction and statistical analysis, models based on virtual datasets, and publications such as conference abstracts, grey literature, informal publications, duplicate publications, dissertations, reviews or case reports. We also exclude studies focusing on the localisation applicability of the model or comparative effectiveness.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two independent teams of researchers developed standardised data extraction forms based on CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies to extract and cross-verify data. They used Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) to assess the risk of bias and applicability of the model development or validation studies included in this review.
RESULTS
This review included 28 studies with 38 prediction models, showing area under the curve values ranging from 0.81 to 0.987. One study had an unclear risk of bias, while 27 studies had a high risk of bias, primarily in the area of statistical analysis. The models constructed in 25 studies lacked clinical applicability, with 21 of these studies including intraoperative or postoperative predictors.
CONCLUSION
The development of in-hospital and 30-day mortality prediction models for post-PCI patients is in its early stages. Emphasising clinical applicability and predictive stability is vital. Future research should follow PROBAST's low risk-of-bias guidelines, prioritising external validation for existing models to ensure reliable and widely applicable clinical predictions.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42023477272.
Topics: Humans; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Risk Assessment; Hospital Mortality; Bias; Models, Statistical
PubMed: 38951013
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085930 -
BMJ Open Jul 2024Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer predominantly affecting the lung and abdominal linings. It can have a unique impact on mental health and well-being (MHWB) due to...
OBJECTIVES
Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer predominantly affecting the lung and abdominal linings. It can have a unique impact on mental health and well-being (MHWB) due to its incurability, poor prognosis and asbestos-exposure causation. This review's aims were to identify/synthesise international evidence on mesothelioma's MHWB impacts; explore MHWB interventions used by patients and carers; and identify evidence of their effectiveness.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
DATA SOURCES
Databases, searched March 2022 and March 2024, were MEDLINE; CINAHL; PsycINFO; Cochrane Library; ASSIA.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
We included study designs focusing on psychological impacts of living with mesothelioma and MHWB interventions used by patients and informal carers, published in English since January 2002.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
A team of reviewers screened included studies using standardised methods. Quality was assessed using validated tools: Mixed-Methods Appraisal tool for primary research and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews.
RESULTS
Forty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria: 20 qualitative, 16 quantitative, nine reviews, two mixed-methods, one combined systematic review/qualitative study. UK studies predominated. Many MHWB impacts were reported, including traumatic stress, depression, anxiety and guilt. These were influenced by mesothelioma's causation, communication issues and carer-patient relational interactions. Participants used wide-ranging MHWB interventions, including religious/spiritual practice; talking to mental-health professionals; meaning-making. Some strategies were presented as unhelpful, for example, denial. Participants reported lack of access to support.
CONCLUSIONS
Most qualitative studies were rated high quality. The quality of the quantitative studies and reviews varied. The sparse literature regarding MHWB in mesothelioma means more research is needed into impacts on patients and carers, including trauma. To enable access to evidence-based support, research is recommended concerning MHWB interventions' effectiveness in mesothelioma.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022302187.
Topics: Humans; Mesothelioma; Caregivers; Mental Health; Quality of Life; Anxiety; Depression
PubMed: 38951010
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075071 -
Neurosurgical Focus Jul 2024Concussions can occur at any level of ice hockey. Incidence estimates of concussions in ice hockey vary, and optimal prevention strategies and return-to-play (RTP)...
Concussions in ice hockey: mixed methods study including assessment of concussions on games missed and cap hit among National Hockey League players, systematic review, and concussion protocol analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Concussions can occur at any level of ice hockey. Incidence estimates of concussions in ice hockey vary, and optimal prevention strategies and return-to-play (RTP) considerations have remained in evolution. The authors performed a mixed-methods study with the aim of elucidating the landscape of concussion in ice hockey and catalyzing initiatives to standardize preventative mechanisms and RTP considerations.
METHODS
The authors performed a five-part mixed-methods study that includes: 1) an analysis of the impact of concussions on games missed and income for National Hockey League (NHL) players using a publicly available database, 2) a systematic review of the incidence of concussion in ice hockey, 3) a systematic review of preventative strategies, 4) a systematic review of RTP, and 5) a policy review of documents from major governing bodies related to concussions in sports with a focus on ice hockey. The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were used for the systematic reviews and focused on any level of hockey.
RESULTS
In the NHL, 689 players had 1054 concussions from the 2000-2001 to 2022-2023 seasons. A concussion led to a mean of 13.77 ± 19.23 (range 1-82) games missed during the same season. After cap hit per game data became available in 2008-2009, players missed 10,024 games due to 668 concussions (mean 15.13 ± 3.81 per concussion, range 8.81-22.60 per concussion), with a cap hit per game missed of $35,880.85 ± $25,010.48 (range $5792.68-$134,146.30). The total cap hit of all missed games was $385,960,790.00, equating to $577,635.91 per concussion and $25,724,052.70 per NHL season. On systematic review, the incidence of concussions was 0.54-1.18 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Prevention mechanisms involved education, behavioral and cognitive interventions, protective equipment, biomechanical studies, and policy/rule changes. Rules prohibiting body checking in youth players were most effective. Determination of RTP was variable. Concussion protocols from both North American governing bodies and two leagues mandated that a player suspected of having a concussion be removed from play and undergo a six-step RTP strategy. The 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport recommended the use of mouthguards for children and adolescents and disallowing body checking for all children and most levels of adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
Concussions in ice hockey lead to substantial missed time from play. The authors strongly encourage all hockey leagues to adopt and adhere to age-appropriate rules to limit hits to the head, increase compliance in wearing protective equipment, and utilize high-quality concussion protocols.
Topics: Hockey; Humans; Brain Concussion; Athletic Injuries; Incidence; Return to Sport; Male
PubMed: 38950440
DOI: 10.3171/2024.4.FOCUS24103 -
PloS One 2024This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of preventive home visits (PHVs) in enhancing resilience and health-related outcomes among older adults living in the...
BACKGROUND
This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of preventive home visits (PHVs) in enhancing resilience and health-related outcomes among older adults living in the community.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in nine databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library. The search was undertaken between March 15 and 31, 2022 with subsequent updates performed on October 15, 2023 and April 10, 2024. This review also included grey literature sourced via Google, Google Scholar and backward citation searches.
RESULTS
Out of 5,621 records, 20 articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria with a total of 8,035 participants involved and the mean age ranged from 74.0 to 84.4 years. Using McMaster Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies, we ascertained that the studies included in our analysis had moderate to high levels of quality. In addition to health-related outcomes, PHV interventions were also conducted to evaluate psychological effects (16 studies) and social outcomes (seven studies). Five studies conducted financial assessment to evaluate the costs of health and social care utilisation during PHV interventions. Regarding the results of the review, seven studies showed favourable outcomes, five indicated no effect and eight had equivocal findings. Only one study assessed resilience and determined that PHV had no effect on the resilience of the subjects.
CONCLUSION
This review found that the effectiveness of PHV interventions was uncertain and inconclusive. PHV interventions often prioritise health-related objectives. The incorporation of a holistic approach involving psychosocial health into PHV interventions is relatively uncommon. Due to the paucity of research on resilience as PHV outcome, we are unable to draw a conclusion on the effectiveness of PHV on resilience. Resilience should be prioritised as a psychological assessment in the future development of comprehensive PHV interventions, as it enables older adults to adapt, manage, and respond positively to adversities that may arise with age. Performing financial analysis such as costs and benefits analysis to incorporate the return on investment of PHV interventions is an added value for future research on this topic.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022296919.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Independent Living; Resilience, Psychological; House Calls; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Male
PubMed: 38950029
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306188 -
Law and Human Behavior Jun 2024Over the past 4 decades, discrepant research findings have emerged in the juror-confession literature, prompting the need for a systematic review and meta-analysis that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Over the past 4 decades, discrepant research findings have emerged in the juror-confession literature, prompting the need for a systematic review and meta-analysis that assesses the effect of confession evidence (coerced or noncoerced) on conviction rates and the efficacy of trial safeguards.
HYPOTHESES
We did not predict any directional hypotheses. Some studies show increased convictions when a confession is present (vs. not), regardless of whether that confession was coerced; other studies demonstrate that jurors are able to discount coerced confessions. Studies have also demonstrated sensitivity effects (safeguards aided jurors in making appropriate decisions), skepticism effects (safeguards led jurors to indiscriminately disregard confession evidence), or null effects with regard to expert testimony and jury instructions.
METHOD
We identified 83 independent samples (N = 24,860) that met our meta-analytic inclusion criteria. Using extracted Hedges' g effect sizes, we conducted both network meta-analysis and metaregression to address key research questions.
RESULTS
Coerced and noncoerced confessions (vs. no confession) increased convictions (network gs = 0.34 and 0.70, respectively), yet coerced (vs. noncoerced) confessions reduced convictions (network g = -0.36). When jury instructions were employed (vs. not), convictions in coerced confession cases were reduced (this difference did not emerge for noncoerced confessions; a sensitivity effect). Expert testimony, however, reduced conviction likelihood regardless of whether a confession was coerced (a skepticism effect).
CONCLUSION
Confession evidence is persuasive, and although jurors appear to recognize the detrimental effect of coercive interrogation methods on confession reliability, they do not fully discount unreliable confessions. Educational safeguards are therefore needed, but more research is encouraged to identify the most effective forms of jury instructions and expert testimony. One potential reform could be in the interrogation room itself, as science-based interviewing approaches could provide jurors with more reliable defendant statement evidence that assists them in reaching appropriate verdict decisions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Coercion; Criminal Law; Decision Making; Expert Testimony; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 38949764
DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000563 -
Journal of Medical Virology Jul 2024The distinct composition and immune response characteristics of bats' innate and adaptive immune systems, which enable them to serve as host of numerous serious zoonotic... (Review)
Review
The distinct composition and immune response characteristics of bats' innate and adaptive immune systems, which enable them to serve as host of numerous serious zoonotic viruses without falling ill, differ substantially from those of other mammals, it have garnered significant attention. In this article, we offer a systematic review of the names, attributes, and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells & molecules across different bat species. This includes descriptions of the differences shown by research between 71 bat species in 10 families, as well as comparisons between bats and other mammals. Studies of the immune cells & molecules of different bat species are necessary to understand the unique antiviral immunity of bats. By providing comprehensive information on these unique immune responses, it is hoped that new insights will be provided for the study of co-evolutionary dynamics between viruses and the bat immune system, as well as human antiviral immunity.
Topics: Chiroptera; Animals; Immunity, Innate; Adaptive Immunity; Humans; Viruses; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 38949201
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29772 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine... Aug 2024To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) interventions on medication adherence in patients with heart failure. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) interventions on medication adherence in patients with heart failure.
METHODS
The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library databases, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and China Scientific Journal Database (VIP). The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to May 2023. The included studies were trials to explore the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on medication adherence in patients with heart failure. Cochrane collaboration's tool was used for assessing risk of bias in randomized controlled trials. Stata 17.0 software was used to conduct data analysis. Continuous data were expressed as standard mean differences, and dichotomous data were expressed as relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
A total of 13 studies and 2534 participants were included. One study was rated as Grade A, and the other 12 studies were Grade B. The results of meta-analysis indicate that mHealth interventions are effective in improving medication adherence [relative risk (RR) = 1.26, 95% CI 1.10-1.44, P < 0.05 and standard mean difference = 0.80, 95% CI 0.44-1.15, P < 0.05], and reducing readmission rates (RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.53-0.76, P < 0.05) and mortality (RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.94, P < 0.05) of patients with heart failure.
CONCLUSION
mHealth interventions are beneficial to improve medication adherence in patients with heart failure, and could effectively reduce the readmission rates and mortality of patients in the studies. There is a need to continuously improve the professional abilities of intervention personnel, carry out teamwork, and extend intervention and follow-up time. Convenient, fast and low-cost mobile medical devices should be adopted to reduce the cost of medical treatment. Scientific and reasonable intervention content will be formulated according to evidence-based guidelines and theoretical basis to enhance patients' ability at self-management and understanding of heart failure knowledge.
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Telemedicine; Medication Adherence; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Treatment Outcome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38949146
DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000001631 -
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Jul 2024Understanding the clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the asymptomatic fraction, is important as asymptomatic individuals are still able to infect other... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Understanding the clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the asymptomatic fraction, is important as asymptomatic individuals are still able to infect other individuals and contribute to ongoing transmission. The WHO Unity Household transmission investigation (HHTI) protocol provides a platform for the prospective and systematic collection of high-quality clinical, epidemiological, serological and virological data from SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases and their household contacts. These data can be used to understand key severity and transmissibility parameters-including the asymptomatic proportion-in relation to local epidemic context and help inform public health response. We aimed to estimate the asymptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infections in Unity-aligned HHTIs. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in alignment with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered our systematic review on PROSPERO (CRD42022378648). We searched EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE and bioRxiv and medRxiv from 1 November 2021 to 22 August 2023. We identified 8368 records, of which 98 underwent full text review. We identified only three studies for data extraction, with substantial variation in study design and corresponding estimates of the asymptomatic proportion. As a result, we did not generate a pooled estimate or I metric. The limited number of quality studies that we identified highlights the need for improved preparedness and response capabilities to facilitate robust HHTI implementation, analysis and reporting, to better inform national, regional and global risk assessments and policymaking.
Topics: Humans; Asymptomatic Infections; COVID-19; Family Characteristics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38949103
DOI: 10.1111/irv.13348 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2024To compare the efficacy of tocotrienol and tocopherol in the management of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of tocotrienol and tocopherol in the management of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS
The systematic review was conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses guidelines 2020, and comprised literature search from 2002 till January 5, 2023, on PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Google, Wiley-Inter Science Library, Medline, SpringerLink, Taylor and Francis databases. The search was conducted using key words, such as: "tocopherol", "tocotrienol", "vitamin E", "dyslipidaemia", "cardiovascular diseases" "cardioprotective", "hypercholesterolemia" and "atherosclerosis" along with Boolean operators. Human clinical studies regarding the use of tocotrienol or tocopherol or comparison of its efficacy in patients having atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia leading to cardiovascular diseases, and studies including details of efficacy of any of the four alpha, beta, gamma, delta isomers of tocopherol or tocotrienol were included. Pertinent data from the eligible studies was retrieved and reviewed.
RESULTS
Of the 516 articles identified, 26 (5%) articles met eligibility criteria. Of them 5(19%) were subjected to detailed analysis. Tocotrienol showed significant anti-oxidant efficacy at (250 mg/d) by decreasing cholesterol and serum inflammatory biomarkers i.e C-reactive protein (40%), malondialdehyde (34%), gamma-glutamyl transferase (22%) (p<0.001). Total anti-oxidant status (TAS) levels raised 22% (p<0.001) and Inflammatory cytokines i.e resistin, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-12, Interferon-gamma were decreased 15-17% (p<0.05-0.01) respectively by tocotrienol. Several microRNA (miRNA-133a, miRNA-223, miRNA-214, miRNA-155) were modulated by δ-tocotrienol. Whereas, tocopherol showed heterogeneity of results by either decreasing or increasing the risk of mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
CONCLUSION
Compared to tocopherol, tocotrienol was found to be safe and potential candidate for improving cardiovascular health in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Humans; Tocotrienols; Atherosclerosis; Tocopherols; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Cholesterol
PubMed: 38948984
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9227