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The Breast Journal 2023Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare and benign disease that primarily affects young women of reproductive age. Various factors have been suggested as possible... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare and benign disease that primarily affects young women of reproductive age. Various factors have been suggested as possible causes, including pregnancy, breastfeeding, history of taking birth control pills, hyperprolactinemia, smoking, and history of trauma. Due to unknown etiology, opinions on its treatment have varied, resulting in differing recurrence rates and side effects. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis can aid in understanding the causes and recurrence of the disease, thereby assisting in the selection of effective treatment and improving the quality of life. A systematic literature review was conducted using predefined search terms to identify eligible studies related to risk factors and recurrence up to June 2022 from electronic databases. Data were extracted and subjected to meta-analysis when applicable. A total of 71 studies with 4735 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 34.98 years, and the average mass size was 4.64 cm. About 3749 of these patients (79.17%) were Caucasian. Patients who mentioned a history of pregnancy were 92.65% with 76.57%, 22.7%, and 19.7% having a history of breastfeeding, taking contraceptive pills, and high prolactin levels, respectively. Around 5.6% of patients had previous trauma. The overall recurrence rate was 17.18%, with recurrence rates for treatments as follows: surgery (22.5%), immunosuppressive treatment (14.7%), combined treatment (14.9%), antibiotic treatment (6.74%), and observation (9.4%). Only antibiotic and expectant treatments had significant differences in recurrence rates compared to other treatments ( value = 0.023). In conclusion, factors such as Caucasian race, pregnancy and breastfeeding history, and use of contraceptive hormone are commonly associated with the disease recurrence. Treatment should be tailored based on symptom severity and patient preference, with surgery or immunosuppressive options for recurrence.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Adult; Granulomatous Mastitis; Quality of Life; Breast Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Immunosuppressive Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Contraceptive Agents; Recurrence
PubMed: 37794976
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9947797 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Early detection of Mycoplasmal mastitis is greatly hampered by late seroconversion, slow growth of Mycoplasma organisms, intermittent shedding, and the high cost of... (Review)
Review
Early detection of Mycoplasmal mastitis is greatly hampered by late seroconversion, slow growth of Mycoplasma organisms, intermittent shedding, and the high cost of diagnostic tests. To improve future diagnostic development, examining the available techniques is necessary. Accordingly, the present study systematically reviewed diagnostic studies published between January 2000 and April 2023 utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The protocol registration was performed according to the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ug79h), and the electronic search was conducted in the World Catalog, Mendeley, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, Google Scholar, Prime Scholar, and PubMed Central databases using a Boolean operator and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 1194 pieces of literature retrieved, 67 studies were included. Four broad categories of up to 16 diagnostic approaches were reported: microbial culture, serological, DNA-based, and mass spectrometry. Overall, DNA-based techniques were the most published (48.0%), with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as the most promising user-friendly, equipment-free techniques. On the other hand, mass spectrometry was reported as the least utilized (2.9%) given the high equipment cost. Though costly and laboratory-allied, DNA-based techniques, particularly PCRs, were reported as the most rapid and specific approach.
PubMed: 37764986
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091178 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Nov 2023Mastitis is a disease of economic importance in dairy production systems. The common management regime for mastitis is the use of synthetic antibiotics, giving a new... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mastitis is a disease of economic importance in dairy production systems. The common management regime for mastitis is the use of synthetic antibiotics, giving a new problem of antibiotic resistance. There is, therefore, a need to prospect for alternatives to conventional antibiotics from herbal plants.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review evaluates the use of plants as alternatives for the control of mastitis in dairy cattle, focussing on the effectiveness of studied plants and plant-based products and possible implications on the use of these products in livestock health.
METHODOLOGY
The PRISMA model was implemented with searches done in five electronic databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Ovid and Research4Life. Data were extracted from 45 studies with 112 plant species from plant species belonging to 42 different families. The specific keywords were 'mastitis', 'dairy cows' and 'medicinal plants'.
RESULTS
The most cited plant species included Allium sativum L., Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus globulus Labill with the latter further exploring its components. Microbial species causing mastitis mainly were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extraction methods used included maceration approach using ethanol, methanol and water as solvents for phytochemicals and chromatographic techniques for essential oils. A few studies explored the mode of action, and toxicities of the herbal extracts as well as evaluating their efficacy in clinical trials using animal models.
CONCLUSION
Plants with defined levels of phytochemicals were essential sources of antibacterials. Standardisation of analytical methods is required.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cattle; Animals; Plants, Medicinal; Milk; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Mastitis; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 37725398
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1268 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Apr 2024The use of oral azithromycin (AZI) as a preventive measure against postpartum infections of planned vaginal births has garnered a lot of interest in recent years and has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
The use of oral azithromycin (AZI) as a preventive measure against postpartum infections of planned vaginal births has garnered a lot of interest in recent years and has been the subject of many randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, the results from these trials have not been consistent. Therefore, we aim to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether the use of a single-dose of oral AZI is clinically significant.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central for RCTs from May to June 2023, comparing a single dose of oral AZI with placebo in patients undergoing planned vaginal delivery at a minimum of 28 weeks of gestational age. The main outcomes were puerperal and neonatal sepsis. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 (Cochrane Collaboration). Heterogeneity was assessed with I statistics.
RESULTS
Four RCTs were included (mothers, n = 42 235; newborns n = 42 492). Approximately 49.8% of mothers received a single dose of oral AZI for sepsis prophylaxis. Compared with placebo, AZI significantly reduced the incidence of puerperal sepsis (risk ratio [RR], 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55-0.77]; P < 0.001), mastitis or breast abscess (RR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.42-0.79]; P < 0.001), endometritis (RR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.54-0.77]; P < 0.001), wound infection (RR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.69-0.96]; P = 0.013), infection rate (RR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.51-0.76]; P < 0.001), and fever (RR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.28-0.89]; P = 0.018) in mothers. No statistically significant differences were identified between groups regarding maternal all-cause mortality and the use of prescribed postpartum antibiotics. Similarly, no statistical differences were noted in the neonatal group regarding sepsis, infection rate, and all-cause mortality.
CONCLUSION
AZI appears to be an effective preventive measure against many postpartum infections in mothers but a substantial impact on neonatal outcomes has not yet been conclusively observed.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Azithromycin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Delivery, Obstetric; Sepsis
PubMed: 37724021
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15124 -
Reproduction in Domestic Animals =... Nov 2023Mastitis is a common condition in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) does, especially in rabbitries where mammae inflammations are the leading pathological expression of... (Review)
Review
Mastitis is a common condition in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) does, especially in rabbitries where mammae inflammations are the leading pathological expression of Staphylococcus aureus infections in reproductive females. It affects both the litter and the lactating female, including subsequent lactations. Non-septic (i.e. galactostasis and cystic mastitis) and septic (i.e. Mastitis acuta; including Mastitis gangrenosa; and Mastitis chronica) mammary inflammations are acknowledged; however, the literature is scarce regarding non-septic inflammations or subclinical mastitis. Thus, the present systematic review highlights and summarizes the existing data concerning mastitis in rabbit does, including diagnosis and treatment plans.
Topics: Female; Animals; Rabbits; Lactation; Inflammation; Mastitis; Reproduction; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 37650360
DOI: 10.1111/rda.14466 -
Veterinary World 2023Mastitis is an important disease that can reduce milk production and farmer income as well as negatively affect human health. This study aimed to summarize dairy...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Mastitis is an important disease that can reduce milk production and farmer income as well as negatively affect human health. This study aimed to summarize dairy mastitis in Indonesia, both subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM), and its prevalence in different provinces, the diagnostic methods, and the animal species.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Relevant studies on mastitis in dairy animals in Indonesia were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Garuda. The title and abstract were screened for the eligibility of the studies. The full text of the selected studies was assessed and the data were extracted for analysis. To determine the pooled estimate of the prevalence of mastitis, a random-effects model was performed using the "Meta" and "Metaphor" packages in the R software version 4.2.2. The heterogeneity of several characteristics (mastitis type, provinces, animal species, and diagnostic methods) was evaluated through subgroup meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to assess the trend of mastitis prevalence reports over time. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and a funnel plot.
RESULTS
A total of 735 studies were retrieved for the title and abstract screening, which resulted in the final selection of 37 studies with a total of 6050 samples for meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of mastitis prevalence in dairy animals in Indonesia was 59.44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.39%-66.49%). Based on mastitis type, SCM had a significantly higher prevalence than CM (58.24% [95% CI, 51.26%-65.23%] vs. 3.31% [95% CI, 1.42%-5.19%]). No significant difference was observed in the analysis of other subgroups. Among provinces, Central Java had the highest prevalence (66.62% [95% CI, 49.37%-83.87%]), whereas Yogyakarta had the lowest (41.77% [95% CI, 14.96%-68.58%]). Based on animal species, cow and goat had a prevalence of 63.42% (95% CI, 55.97%-70.86%) and 44.96% (95% CI, 28.26%-61.66%), respectively. Based on the diagnostic method, the California mastitis test resulted in 60.08% (95% CI, 52.11%-68.06%) and the Institut Pertanian Bogor test, 56.00% (95% CI, 41.20%-70.81%). No significant change in the prevalence of mastitis in Indonesia was observed from 2003 to 2022.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that the pooled estimate of mastitis prevalence in dairy animals in Indonesia is >50%. Based on subgroup analysis, SCM had a higher prevalence than CM; however, the prevalence between provinces, detection methods, and animal species in the 2003-2022 periods was not significantly different. A mastitis control strategy needs to be developed to reduce the prevalence of mastitis and further loss in milk production.
PubMed: 37621553
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1380-1389 -
Animal Reproduction Science Sep 2023Mastitis is a rare condition that can be diagnosed in female cats of all breeds and ages. It is usually caused by bacterial agents and is frequently encountered... (Review)
Review
Mastitis is a rare condition that can be diagnosed in female cats of all breeds and ages. It is usually caused by bacterial agents and is frequently encountered secondarily in feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia (FEH). If left untreated, it can peril both the queen and her kittens. Therefore, a reliable and quick diagnosis is the primary key to successful treatment. Conventional diagnosis consists of a clinical and ultrasound evaluation of the queen's mammary glands. However, there is a lack of literature specifically focused on mastitis in queens. Consequently, the present review brings forth the existing knowledge regarding mammary gland inflammations in cats, with the goal of improving current clinical evaluation and treatment plans.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Female; Inflammation; Mastitis; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 37586155
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107318 -
BMC Veterinary Research Aug 2023Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is one of the most economically important diseases affecting the dairy industry. The SCM does not cause visible changes in the udder or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is one of the most economically important diseases affecting the dairy industry. The SCM does not cause visible changes in the udder or physical changes of the milk as compared to clinical mastitis, and a clear overview of the prevalence and risk factors in the different regions of Africa is still lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SCM and assess the associated risk factors and dominant bacterial pathogens among cattle in Africa.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We gathered and systematically reviewed literature concerning SCM, published in English from January 2010 through December 2020 in two databases (PubMed and Web of Science), and meta-analysis was conducted using the 'meta' and 'metafor' packages in the R statistical software.
RESULTS
A total of 258 studies were retrieved and at the end of the screening, 82 full-texts were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of SCM was reported in 11 countries in five regions of Africa, and the random-effects model showed that the weighted pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) was 48.2% (95% CI: 43.6-52.8%). Heterogeneity was high and statistically significant as I (proportion of observed variation) was 98.1% (95% CI: 98.0-98.3%), τ (true between-study variance) was 0.0433 (95% CI: 0.0322-0.0611), and the Cochran Q statistic was 4362.8 (p < 0.0001). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that East Africa had significantly (p = 0.0092) the highest PPE of SCM (67.7%, 95% CI: 55.7-78.7) followed by West Africa (50.5%, 95%CI: 31.4-69.5), and the lowest was in North Africa (40.3%, 95%: 32.2-48.6). Other significant moderators for SCM were age (p < 0.0001), breed (p = 0.0002), lactation stage (p = 0.019) and parity (p = 0.0008) of cattle. Staphylococcus species (prevalence 43.7%) were the most predominant pathogens, followed by Streptococcus (18.2%) and Escherichia species (9.5%).
CONCLUSION
The present study showed a high variation of SCM prevalence in various parts of Africa, although there is a need for more data in some regions. The reported prevalence is a clear sign of inappropriate management practices among cattle herds and an indicator of the threat that SCM poses to the dairy industry. The information about the predisposing factors may guide effective management and control strategies to reduce transmission of the disease.
Topics: Pregnancy; Animals; Cattle; Female; Staphylococcal Infections; Prevalence; Mastitis, Bovine; Lactation; Milk; Risk Factors; Africa; Dairying; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 37573335
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03673-6 -
Heliyon Jul 2023Bovine mastitis, a condition with multifactorial etiology, imposes a significant economic burden on the dairy sector in Ethiopia, with () being one of the leading... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bovine mastitis, a condition with multifactorial etiology, imposes a significant economic burden on the dairy sector in Ethiopia, with () being one of the leading etiologic agents. The acquisition of a compiled source of information concerning is imperative in order to enhance the control and prevention strategies, as well as to facilitate the successful implementation of the national action plan aimed at curbing antimicrobial resistance by the year 2025. Thus, the primary objective of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively summarize the estimates of the proportion and beta-lactam resistance profile of in bovine mastitis in Ethiopia.
METHODS
electronic bibliographic data such as PubMed, Web of Science, HINARI, Google Scholar, and other databases were used to search articles and quality assessment was performed using the AMSTAR-2. The pooled proportion, the rate of beta-lactam resistance, and a 95% confidence interval were calculated with a random effects model using statistical software. Funnel plots, and Eggers were used to assess publication bias.
RESULTS
Twenty-six (26) cross-sectional studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of was 35% (95% CI: 0.31 to 0.41). Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the included studies ( = 90.75%; P < 0.01). The subgroup analysis of the study region showed significant differences. The highest estimated regional pooled proportion of bovine mastitis-associated was 40% in the Amhara and Tigray regions. Funnel plot and Eggers results showed no statistically significant publication bias (Eggers test: p = 0.5656) in estimating the proportion of infections in association with bovine mastitis. A total of 14 articles were included to estimate beta-lactam antimicrobial resistance. The estimated pooled beta-lactam antimicrobial resistance rate of was resistance to penicillin at 75%, followed by amoxicillin at 67%, ampicillin at 50% and cephalosporin at 57% were evaluated in the treatment of . Therefore, the present meta-analysis has revealed that the prevalence of bovine-associated and its resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics are alarmingly high in the region of Ethiopia. This further emphasizes the vital necessity of implementing effective preventive measures to reduce the incidence and spread of this pathogen across the entire nation.
PubMed: 37519650
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18180 -
Veterinaria Italiana Dec 2022Considering the high prevalence of subclinical mastitis and its impacts on milk production, thematic studies are need to provide strategic data for its control. This...
Considering the high prevalence of subclinical mastitis and its impacts on milk production, thematic studies are need to provide strategic data for its control. This study aimed at investigating the most frequent microorganisms associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Brazil through compiling the occurrence of the etiological agents and their sensitivity to antibiotics. The systematic review includes articles published between 2009 and 2019. Fiftyseven articles evaluating 22,287 milk samples were selected. The number of publications and the sample size were not homogeneous among Brazilian regions. Most of the studies and sampling were conducted in Rio Grande do Sul, whereas no studies were found in some states in the north and mid‑west regions. The most frequent pathogen was Staphylococcus spp. It was isolated in all studies and had an average prevalence of 49% in the analyzed samples. Resistance to penicillin was the most frequent microbial resistance found in Brazil, with an average of 66% among the isolates evaluated. Moreover, bacterial resistance to cephalexin, cefoperazone, erythromycin, gentamicin, neomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim increased over the research period. Given the territorial extension, the etiological diversity, and the lack of studies with a representative sample, the compilation of scientific data must be interpreted with caution. Regions where a greater number of studies were conducted and with numerous samples, such as the South, provided a comprehensive scenario that is closer to reality. Nevertheless, although decision making on the farm cannot be replaced by scientific studies, it can be supported by such efforts.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brazil; Cattle Diseases; Mastitis, Bovine; Penicillins
PubMed: 37303139
DOI: 10.12834/VetIt.2601.17023.2