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Contact Dermatitis Jun 2024Fragrance substances are a frequent cause of contact allergy worldwide. Fragrance exposure varies by sex, age and possibly country, influenced by cosmetic availability,...
BACKGROUND
Fragrance substances are a frequent cause of contact allergy worldwide. Fragrance exposure varies by sex, age and possibly country, influenced by cosmetic availability, environmental conditions and cultural practices.
OBJECTIVES
To systematically review and gather prevalence of sensitization to fragrance mix I (FM I) and fragrance mix II (FM II) in consecutively patch-tested European dermatitis patients.
METHOD
A total of 4134 publications on patch test results of European dermatitis patients, published from 1981 to 2022, were systematically reviewed according to a previously registered and published PROSPERO protocol.
RESULTS
Eighty-four eligible original articles were analysed. Overall prevalence of sensitization to fragrance mix I (FM I) was 6.81% (95% CI: 6.37-7.28), and FM II was 3.64% (95% CI: 3.3-4.01). Sensitization to FM I was most prevalent in Central and Eastern Europe and to FM II in Western Europe. No clear time trends were observed. Among paediatric dermatitis patients, sensitization prevalence for FM I and FM II was 4.09% (95% CI: 3.37-4.96) and 2.17% (95% CI: 1.53-3.07).
CONCLUSION
The frequency of positive patch test results for both FMI and FMII remains high. Sensitization is also prevalent among children. Enhanced regulation and labelling of cosmetic products play a vital role in averting exposure and sensitization to fragrance allergens.
PubMed: 38945918
DOI: 10.1111/cod.14618 -
The British Journal of Oral &... May 2024Patients with cutaneous melanoma with metastatic deposits in the parotid gland have poor prognosis due to the high risk of developing distant metastasis. In the era of... (Review)
Review
Patients with cutaneous melanoma with metastatic deposits in the parotid gland have poor prognosis due to the high risk of developing distant metastasis. In the era of effective immunotherapy, there is no consensus amongst head and neck surgeons about the extent of neck dissection required for patients presenting with clinically apparent parotid metastasis. This review aims to determine the incidence and pattern of occult neck disease for patients with parotid metastasis reported in literature to help guide clinicians on the extent of neck dissection required. The systematic review search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and Medline, using PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria include cases treated with parotidectomy and neck dissection for patients with parotid melanoma metastasis. A narrative synthesis was carried out due to heterogeneity of studies. A total of 14 studies was included. We found no study reporting on outcomes with surgery and adjuvant immunotherapy in this cohort of patients. The incidence of distant metastasis reported was variable but remains high for patients with parotid metastasis. Patients with parotid and neck involvement have poorer prognosis than patients with parotid only metastatic disease. The effect and extent of neck dissection in patients with clinically apparent parotid nodes remains unclear in the era of effective immunotherapy. There is a need for further well-designed studies evaluating the outcomes for such patients following surgery and adjuvant immunotherapy.
PubMed: 38945797
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2024.05.004 -
American Journal of Surgery Jun 2024Secondary adrenal tumors (SATs) are uncommon, and the benefits of adrenalectomy for SATs have not been well-established. A systematic review and meta-analysis were... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Secondary adrenal tumors (SATs) are uncommon, and the benefits of adrenalectomy for SATs have not been well-established. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the survival benefits of adrenalectomy for SATs.
METHOD
ology: A systematic literature search was performed (1990-2022). The inclusion criteria included a known primary tumor with confirmed adrenal metastasis in patients who underwent adrenalectomy. The primary outcome was the overall survival (OS).
RESULTS
A total of 26 studies were included, with 2279 patients. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 61.1 years. Lung cancer was the most common primary tumor. The average time from primary tumor diagnosis to identification of adrenal metastasis was 17 months. The median OS was 35.2 months. One, three, and five-year OS were 79.7 %, 49.1 %, and 37.9 %, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The results of this review provide insight into the long-term survival of patients with SATs who underwent adrenalectomy. The study highlights the need for further research to identify the risk factors that play a role in the outcome of adrenalectomy in patients with SATs.
PubMed: 38945726
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.115809 -
International Journal of Hyperthermia :... 2024To analyze and summarize the types, incidence rates and relevant influencing factors of adverse events (AEs) after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To analyze and summarize the types, incidence rates and relevant influencing factors of adverse events (AEs) after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of gynecological diseases and provide reference and basis for handling such events in clinical practice.
METHOD
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases to retrieve all literature since its establishment until February 2024. We evaluated the quality of included literature and publication bias and conducted a meta-analysis of single group rates for various AEs using Stata 17.0.
RESULTS
This systematic review finally included 41 articles. We summarized 34 kinds of AEs in 7 aspects and conducted a single group rate meta-analysis and sub-group analysis of 16 kinds of AEs. Among the common AEs of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), the incidence of lower abdominal pain/pelvic pain is 36.1% (95% CI: 24.3%∼48.8%), vaginal bleeding is 20.6% (95% CI: 13.9%∼28.0%), vaginal discharge is 14.0% (95% CI: 9.6%∼19.1%), myoma discharge is 24% (95% CI: 14.6%∼34.8%), buttock pain is 10.8% (95% CI: 6.0%∼16.5%) and sacral pain is 10% (95% CI: 8.8%∼11.2%). Serious complications include uterine rupture, necrotic tissue obstruction requiring surgical intervention, third degree skin burns and persistent lower limb pain or movement disorders.
CONCLUSION
The common AEs after HIFU surgery are mostly mild and controllable, and the incidence of serious complications is extremely low. By reasonable prevention and active intervention, these events can be further reduced, making it a safe and effective treatment method. It is a good choice for patients who crave noninvasive treatment or have other surgical contraindications.
Topics: Humans; Female; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation; Genital Diseases, Female
PubMed: 38945548
DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2370969 -
The Bone & Joint Journal Jul 2024Proximal humeral fractures are the third most common fracture among the elderly. Complications associated with fixation include screw perforation, varus collapse, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study
AIMS
Proximal humeral fractures are the third most common fracture among the elderly. Complications associated with fixation include screw perforation, varus collapse, and avascular necrosis of the humeral head. To address these challenges, various augmentation techniques to increase medial column support have been developed. There are currently no recent studies that definitively establish the superiority of augmented fixation over non-augmented implants in the surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the outcomes of patients who underwent locking-plate fixation with cement augmentation or bone-graft augmentation versus those who underwent locking-plate fixation without augmentation for proximal humeral fractures.
METHODS
The search was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Articles involving patients with complex proximal humeral fractures treated using open reduction with locking-plate fixation, with or without augmentation, were considered. A meta-analysis of comparative studies comparing locking-plate fixation with cement augmentation or with bone-graft augmentation versus locking-plate fixation without augmentation was performed.
RESULTS
A total of 19 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and six comparative studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, 120 patients received locking-plate fixation with bone-graft augmentation, 179 patients received locking-plate fixation with cement augmentation, and 336 patients received locking-plate fixation without augmentation. No statistically relevant differences between the augmented and non-augmented cohorts were found in terms of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire score and Constant-Murley Score. The cement-augmented group had a significantly lower rate of complications compared to the non-augmented group.
CONCLUSION
While locking-plate fixation with cement augmentation appears to produce a lower complication rate compared to locking-plate fixation alone, functional outcomes seem comparable between augmented and non-augmented techniques.
Topics: Humans; Bone Plates; Shoulder Fractures; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Bone Cements; Bone Transplantation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38945543
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.106B7.BJJ-2023-1113.R1 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2024Lablab Semen Album (lablab), the white and dried mature fruit of Lablab purpureus in the Lablab genus of the Fabaceae family, is a renowned traditional medicinal herb... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Lablab Semen Album (lablab), the white and dried mature fruit of Lablab purpureus in the Lablab genus of the Fabaceae family, is a renowned traditional medicinal herb with a long history of use in China. In Chinese medicine, lablab is often combined with other drugs to treat conditions such as weak spleen and stomach, loss of appetite, loose stools, excessive leucorrhoea, summer dampness and diarrhea, chest tightness, and abdominal distension.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Comprehensive information on lablab was gathered from databases including Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and ancient materia medica.
RESULTS
Lablab, a member of the lentil family, thrives in warm and humid climates, and is distributed across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Traditionally, lablab is used to treat various ailments, such as spleen and stomach weakness, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. Phytochemical analyses reveal that lablab is a rich source of triterpenoid saponins, glucosides, volatile oils, polysaccharides, and amino acids. Lablab extracts exhibit diverse biological activities, including hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antitumoral, antiviral properties, and more. Besides its medicinal applications, lablab is extensively used in the food industry due to its high nutrient content. Additionally, the quality of lablab can be regulated by determining the levels of key chemical components pivotal to its medicinal effects, ensuring the herb's overall quality.
CONCLUSION
Lablab is a promising medicinal and edible plant ingredient with diverse pharmacological effects, making it a valuable ingredient for food, pharmaceuticals, and animal husbandry. However, it has inherent toxicity if not properly prepared. Additionally, some traditional uses and pharmacological activities lack scientific validation due to incomplete methods, unclear results, and insufficient clinical data. Thus, further in vivo and in vitro studies on its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology, along with clinical efficacy evaluations, are needed to ensure lablab's safety and effectiveness. As an important traditional Chinese medicine, lablab deserves more attention.
PubMed: 38945467
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118507 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jun 2024Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. With substantial advances in RSV research, we aimed...
OBJECTIVES
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. With substantial advances in RSV research, we aimed to conduct an updated systematic review of risk factors for RSV-ALRI in children under five years.
METHODS
We updated our previously published literature search to November 2022 among three English databases and additionally searched three Chinese databases (from January 1995) to identify all relevant publications. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each risk factor and each outcome (RSV-ALRI in the community and RSV-ALRI hospitalisation).
RESULTS
A total of 47 studies were included (26 from the updated search). Indoor air pollution was identified as a possible risk factor for RSV-ALRI in the community (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10-1.90). The identified risk factors for RSV-ALRI hospitalisation fall into four categories: demographic (male sex, Māori and Pacific ethnicities vs European or other ethnicities), pre- and post- neonatal (prematurity, low birth weight, small for gestational age, maternal smoking during pregnancy or lactation, maternal age <30 years vs 30-34 years, multiparity, caesarean section vs vaginal), household and environmental (having siblings, passive smoking, maternal asthma, daycare centre attendance), and health and medical conditions (any chronic diseases, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, HIV infections, congenital heart disease, Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, previous asthma). The pooled ORs ranged from 1.14 to 4.55.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings on the risk factors for RSV-ALRI help identify RSV high-risk groups, which has important implications for RSV prevention at both individual and population levels.
PubMed: 38945430
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107125 -
World Neurosurgery Jun 2024This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation (DRGS) in chronic pain management. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation (DRGS) in chronic pain management.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In 2023, a comprehensive systematic review was undertaken utilizing various electronic databases, employing MeSH terms and free search terms tailored to the study's aims. This review included primary research such as cohorts, case-control studies, and clinical trials, all focusing on the efficacy of DRGS in treating various chronic pain conditions. Non-human or animal studies were omitted from the selection process. A review of study quality was conducted, followed by meticulous analysis of the findings to synthesize the evidence. This review represents the most current research, with updates extending to 2024. A total of 400 articles were reviewed. 29 articles were included in our review after meticulous screening.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine articles published in the last five years meeting selection criteria were identified, encompassing patients with various diagnoses warranting the use of DRGS beyond CRPS. Additionally, the analysis includes different outcome measurement tools, emphasizing improvements in pain management, functionality, and quality of life. Finally, common complications such as surgical site infection and issues with electrodes are highlighted.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review affirms the effectiveness of DRGS therapy in managing diverse chronic pain conditions, highlighting improvements in quality of life, functionality, and mood states, making it a viable alternative for patients unresponsive to traditional treatments.
PubMed: 38945208
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.06.138 -
Journal of Endodontics Jun 2024The current evidence linking tooth loss and cardiovascular disease mortality is inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the association... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The current evidence linking tooth loss and cardiovascular disease mortality is inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the association between tooth loss and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of databases and gray literature included: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, various digital repositories. The included studies reported on CVD mortality and tooth loss. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Random-effects meta-analysis method, sub-group analysis (based on the tooth loss categories (edentulous and fewer than 10 teeth present), meta-regression (based on the number. of confounders), publication bias and sensitivity analysis were performed.
RESULTS
Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria with an overall "Good" quality. A significant association between tooth loss (edentulous or less than 10 teeth present) and CVD mortality was found in the primary meta-analysis, which compiled data from 12 studies. The estimated hazard ratio (HR) was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.32-2.09), and there was high heterogeneity (I = 82.42). Subgroup analysis revealed that the edentulous subgroup showed a higher risk with no significant heterogeneity, while the subgroup with fewer than 10 teeth showed a higher risk with substantial heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis did not reveal any significant impact (p = 0.626) on whether variations in the number of confounders across studies would substantially affect the overall findings. No publication bias was detected and the sensitivity analysis based on the critical confounders also confirmed that tooth loss as a risk factor for CVD mortality (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.28- 1.80), (I 51.82%).
CONCLUSION
The present systematic review reported that being edentulous or having lesser than 10 teeth is a predictive indicator of CVD mortality.
PubMed: 38945200
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.06.012 -
Journal of the American Medical... Jun 2024Loneliness and social isolation are associated with adverse health outcomes, especially within the elderly population, underlining the need for effective interventions.... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Loneliness and social isolation are associated with adverse health outcomes, especially within the elderly population, underlining the need for effective interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to summarize all available evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions for loneliness and social isolation, to map out their working mechanisms, and to give implications for policy and practice.
DESIGN
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Older adults (≥65 years).
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL for studies quantitively or qualitatively assessing effects of interventions for loneliness and social isolation in older adults, following predefined selection criteria. Risk of bias as well as small study effects were assessed and, wherever appropriate, information about effect sizes of individual studies pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Sources for between-study heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression.
RESULTS
Of n = 2223 identified articles, n = 67 were eventually included for narrative synthesis. Significant intervention effects were reported for a proportion of studies (55.9% and 50.0% for loneliness and social isolation, respectively) and 57.6% of studies including a follow-up measure (n = 29) reported sustained intervention effects. Meta-analysis of n = 27 studies, representing n = 1756 participants, suggested a medium overall effect of loneliness interventions (d = -0.47; 95% CI, -0.62 to -0.32). Between-study heterogeneity was substantial and could not be explained by differences in study design, year of publication, outcome measures, intervention length, participant demographics, setting, baseline level of loneliness, or geographic location. However, non-technology-based interventions reported larger effect sizes on average (Δd = -0.35; 95% CI, -0.66 to -0.04; P = .029) and were more often significant. Qualitative assessment of potential intervention mechanisms resulted in 3 clusters of effective components: "promoting social contact," "transferring knowledge and skills," and "addressing social cognition".
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Interventions for loneliness and social isolation can generally be effective, although some unexplained between-study heterogeneity remains. Further research is needed regarding the applicability of interventions across different settings and countries, also considering their cost-effectiveness.
PubMed: 38945174
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105110