-
International Archives of Occupational... May 2024Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a widely observed metabolic disorder that is increasingly prevalent worldwide, leading to substantial societal consequences. Previous... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a widely observed metabolic disorder that is increasingly prevalent worldwide, leading to substantial societal consequences. Previous studies have conducted two separate meta-analyses to investigate the relationship between MetS and air pollutants. However, these studies yielded conflicting results, necessitating a thorough systematic review and meta-analysis to reassess the link between different air pollutants and the risk of developing MetS.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search of relevant literature in databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to October 9, 2023. The search was specifically restricted to publications in the English language. Following the screening of studies investigating the correlation between air pollution and MetS, we utilized random-effects models to calculate pooled effect sizes along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We would like to highlight that this study has been registered with PROSPERO, and it can be identified by the registration number CRD42023484421.
RESULTS
The study included twenty-four eligible studies. The results revealed that an increase of 10 μg/m in annual concentrations of PM, PM, PM, NO, SO, and O was associated with a 29% increase in metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk for PM1 (OR = 1.29 [CI 1.07-1.54]), an 8% increase for PM2.5 (OR = 1.08 [CI 1.06-1.10]), a 17% increase for PM (OR = 1.17 [CI 1.08-1.27]), a 24% increase for NO (OR = 1.24 [CI 1.01-1.51]), a 19% increase for SO (OR = 1.19 [CI 1.04-1.36]), and a 10% increase for O (OR = 1.10 [CI 1.07-1.13]).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study demonstrate a significant association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM, PM, PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO), ozone (O), and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Moreover, the results suggest that air pollution exposure could potentially contribute to the development of MetS in humans.
PubMed: 38733545
DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02072-0 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This systematic review aims to provide the first synthesis of observational and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This systematic review aims to provide the first synthesis of observational and interventional studies on the relationship between diet and cardiovascular health in CCSs.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted for studies published between 1990 and July 2023 in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, and Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included observational and interventional studies examining the associations or effects of dietary factors on CVD incidence, cardiac dysfunction, or CVD risk factors in CCSs diagnosed before age 25 years.
RESULTS
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria (nine observational and one interventional). Collectively, they comprised 3485 CCSs (male, 1734; female, 1751). The outcomes examined across observational studies included characteristics of obesity, diabetes biomarkers, hypertension indicators, dyslipidaemia biomarkers, and metabolic syndrome. The evidence suggested that greater adherence to healthy diets was associated with lower body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, and triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The 12-week lifestyle intervention study in childhood leukaemia survivors found no impact on obesity indicators.
CONCLUSION
The review results indicate the potentially protective effects of healthy diets. However, the available research remains preliminary and limited, underscoring the need for more rigorous, adequately powered studies.
Topics: Humans; Cancer Survivors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Female; Male; Adolescent; Diet, Healthy; Diet; Risk Factors; Neoplasms; Adult; Young Adult
PubMed: 38732563
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091315 -
Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism May 2024Muscle weakness has been associated to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in the general population. However, it is still unclear whether this association is... (Review)
Review
Muscle weakness has been associated to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in the general population. However, it is still unclear whether this association is maintained in older adults. This study investigated correlations between low handgrip strength (HGS) and metabolic syndrome, or some of its components, in older adults through a systematic review of the literature. Searches were conducted in the Virtual Health Library Regional Portal, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE/ PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases for relevant studiesinvestigating muscle weakness (measured by hand dynamometer) and metabolic syndrome or its components in older adult populations, published up to September 2023. From the 2050 references initially identified, 20 studies, comprising a total of 31,264 older adults of both genders, completely met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eighteen studies showed that lower HGS was associated with metabolic syndrome or some of its risk factors, such as abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, or high blood pressure. Two studies found that older men with high blood pressure had increased HGS. Most studies included in this systematic review revealed a significant correlation between reduced HGS and metabolic syndrome or some of its components, especially abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. We conclude that below-average HGS can be associated with metabolic syndrome in older adults.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Hand Strength; Aged; Male; Female; Muscle Weakness; Risk Factors; Insulin Resistance
PubMed: 38709150
DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0026 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... May 2024Adrenal adenomas/incidentalomas with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS)/subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) are often associated with metabolic syndrome,...
Fracture risk and bone health in adrenal adenomas with mild autonomous cortisol secretion/subclinical Hypercortisolism: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.
Adrenal adenomas/incidentalomas with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS)/subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) are often associated with metabolic syndrome, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and fractures. In this background, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to collate the available evidence and provide a summary of effect of MACS/SH on bone health in terms of fractures, osteoporosis/osteopenia, microarchitecture, and bone turnover. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for observational studies reporting prevalence of fractures, osteoporosis/osteopenia or data on bone microarchitecture/bone turnover markers (BTMs). Following literature search, 16 observational studies were included. Pooled prevalence of any fractures (vertebral and non-vertebral), vertebral fractures and osteoporosis/osteopenia in MACS/SH were 43% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 23%, 62%], 45% (95% CI: 22%, 68%) and 50% (95% CI: 33%, 66%), respectively. On meta-regression, age, sex, 24-hour urinary free cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate did not predict fracture risk. The likelihood of any fractures [odds ratio (OR) 1.61; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.20; p = 0.0026], vertebral fractures (OR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.45; p = 0.0035) and osteoporosis/osteopenia (OR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.85; p = 0.0018) was significantly higher in adrenal adenomas and MACS/SH than non-functional adrenal adenomas. Subjects with MACS/SH had significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine [mean difference (MD) -0.07 gm/cm2; 95% CI: -0.11, -0.03; p = 0.0004) and femoral neck (MD -0.05 gm/cm2; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02; p = 0.0045) than their non-functional counterparts. Limited data showed no significant difference in BTMs. Publication bias was observed in the pooled prevalence of any fractures, vertebral fractures and pooled MD of femoral neck BMD. To conclude, people with adrenal adenomas/incidentalomas and MACS/SH are at 1.5 to 2-fold higher likelihood of fractures and osteoporosis/osteopenia compared to non-functional adrenal adenomas and should routinely be screened for bone disease. Nevertheless, considering the modest sample size of studies and evidence of publication bias, larger and high-quality studies are required (CRD42023471045).
PubMed: 38703381
DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae067 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders May 2024Insulin resistance (IR) can lead to cellular metabolic disorders, activation of oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, contributing to in-stent restenosis (ISR).... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The association between the triglyceride-glucose index and in-stent restenosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance (IR) can lead to cellular metabolic disorders, activation of oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, contributing to in-stent restenosis (ISR). The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), a new indicator reflecting IR, is extensively researched in the cardiovascular field. This study, through a meta-analysis, aimed to utilize a larger combined sample size and thereby enhance the overall test efficacy to explore the TyG index-ISR relationship.
METHODS
A thorough search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to find original papers and their references published between 1990 and January 2024. This search included both prospective and retrospective studies detailing the correlation between the TyG index and ISR in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD).
OUTCOMES
The five included articles comprised 3,912 participants, and the odds ratio (OR) extracted from each study was combined using the Inverse Variance method. Results showed that, in the context of CHD patients, each incremental unit in the TyG index, when treated as a continuous variable, corresponded to a 42% elevation in ISR risk (95% CI 1.26-1.59, I²=13%, p < 0.005). When analyzing the TyG index categorically, the results revealed a higher ISR risk in the highest TyG index group compared to the lowest group (OR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.32-2.17, I²=0). Additionally, in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), each unit increase in the TyG index, the risk of ISR in patients increased by 37% (95% CI 1.19-1.57, I²=0%, p < 0.005). This correlation was also observable in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients (OR:1.48, 95% CI 1.19-1.85, I²=0, p < 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS
The TyG index, an economical and precise surrogate for IR, is significantly linked with ISR. Furthermore, this correlation is unaffected by the type of coronary heart disease.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Insulin Resistance; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Stents; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides
PubMed: 38702615
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03903-1 -
Epidemiology and Health Apr 2024Certain studies have reported that handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with metabolic health risks in children and adolescents, and some studies have suggested HGS...
OBJECTIVES
Certain studies have reported that handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with metabolic health risks in children and adolescents, and some studies have suggested HGS thresholds for identifying poor metabolic health. Therefore, we aimed to determine the HGS thresholds associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents through a systematic review.
METHODS
We searched 3 electronic databases from their inception until October 2023 to identify original papers that focused on children and adolescents and assessed their risks of MetS according to specific HGS values. Studies were selected for inclusion through a planned screening process based on specific criteria. The Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies v2 (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate quality, and a meta-analysis was performed using the diagmeta R package to suggest the optimal thresholds.
RESULTS
From the search, 8 studies were selected for this systematic review. For detecting MetS risk, the optimal threshold for HGS (defined as relative HGS by adjusting for body mass) was found to be 0.422, with a sensitivity of 76.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64.0% to 85.8%) and a specificity of 62.9% (95% CI, 56.9% to 68.5%). The stratification analysis by sex resulted in optimal thresholds of 0.416 for boys and 0.376 for girls. Additionally, when the data were stratified by age, the thresholds were 0.356 for children and 0.416 for adolescents.
CONCLUSION
: Our results provide practical information for detecting high-risk groups and encouraging strength-related activities that may reduce the risk of MetS in children and adolescents.
PubMed: 38697861
DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2024047 -
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice Jun 2024As the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is fundamentally clinical, the usefulness of ioflupane (I) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or DaTSCAN as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
As the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is fundamentally clinical, the usefulness of ioflupane (I) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or DaTSCAN as a diagnostic tool has been a matter of debate for years. The performance of DaTSCAN is generally recommended in the follow-up of patients with a clinically uncertain diagnosis, especially in those with a suspected essential tremor, drug-induced parkinsonism, or vascular parkinsonism. However, there is a dearth of DaTSCAN findings regarding neurodegenerative parkinsonisms besides PD and atypical parkinsonisms. To date, a specific nigrostriatal dopamine uptake pattern that would help differentiate PD from the most frequent atypical parkinsonisms is yet to be described. This fact is further complicated by the possible visualization of abnormalities in the uptake pattern in patients with rarer neurodegenerative parkinsonisms.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to summarize the current literature regarding DaTSCAN findings in patients with rare neurodegenerative parkinsonisms.
METHODS
The PubMed database was systematically screened for studies in English or Spanish up to October 15, 2023, using search terms "DaTSCAN", "ioflupane", "DaT-SPECT", "123I-FP-CIT SPECT", "dopamine transporter imaging", and "[123I] FP-CIT SPECT". Duplicated publications and studies regarding PD, atypical parkinsonisms, dystonia-parkinsonism, essential tremor, and parkinsonism due to non-degenerative causes were excluded.
RESULTS
The obtained results were reviewed and summarized, including DaTSCAN findings in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, prion diseases, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, hereditary spastic paraparesis, metabolic disorders, and other diseases (anti-IgLON5 disease, ring chromosome 20 syndrome, chorea-acanthocytosis, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis).
CONCLUSIONS
This review highlights the need to determine in the future the utility and cost-effectiveness of DaTSCAN, both as a diagnostic and a prognostic tool, in patients with parkinsonian symptoms in rare neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Parkinsonian Disorders; Tropanes; Parkinson Disease
PubMed: 38693679
DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14055 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Jul 2024This review synthesized the evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of meal replacements (MRs) as part of a weight loss intervention with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Weight management using meal replacements and cardiometabolic risk reduction in individuals with pre-diabetes and features of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This review synthesized the evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of meal replacements (MRs) as part of a weight loss intervention with conventional food-based weight loss diets on cardiometabolic risk in individuals with pre-diabetes and features of metabolic syndrome. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched through January 16, 2024. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean difference [95% confidence intervals]. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. Ten trials (n = 1254) met the eligibility criteria. MRs led to greater reductions in body weight (-1.38 kg [-1.81, -0.95]), body mass index (BMI, -0.56 kg/m [-0.78, -0.34]), waist circumference (-1.17 cm [-1.93, -0.41]), HbA (-0.11% [-0.22, 0.00]), LDL-c (-0.18 mmol/L [-0.28, -0.08]), non-HDL-c (-0.17 mmol/L [-0.33, -0.01]), and systolic blood pressure (-2.22 mmHg [-4.20, -0.23]). The overall certainty of the evidence was low to moderate owing to imprecision and/or inconsistency. The available evidence suggests that incorporating MRs into a weight loss intervention leads to small important reductions in body weight, BMI, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, and systolic blood pressure, and trivial reductions in waist circumference and HbA, beyond that seen with conventional food-based weight loss diets.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Weight Loss; Prediabetic State; Meals; Diet, Reducing; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Reduction Behavior
PubMed: 38693302
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13751 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, affecting 25-30% of the general population globally. The condition is even more prevalent in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, affecting 25-30% of the general population globally. The condition is even more prevalent in individuals with obesity and is frequently linked to the metabolic syndrome. Given the known associations between the metabolic syndrome and common mental health issues, it is likely that such a relationship also exists between NAFLD and mental health problems. However, studies in this field remain limited. Accordingly, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the prevalence of one or more common mental health conditions (i.e., depression, anxiety, and/or stress) in adults with NAFLD.
METHODS
PubMed, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched in order to identify studies reporting the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and/or stress among adults with NAFLD. A random-effects model was utilized to calculate the pooled prevalence and confidence intervals for depression, anxiety and stress.
RESULTS
In total, 31 studies were eligible for inclusion, involving 2,126,593 adults with NAFLD. Meta-analyses yielded a pooled prevalence of 26.3% (95% CI: 19.2 to 34) for depression, 37.2% (95% CI: 21.6 to 54.3%) for anxiety, and 51.4% (95% CI: 5.5 to 95.8%) for stress among adults with NAFLD.
CONCLUSION
The present findings suggest a high prevalence of mental health morbidity among adults with NAFLD. Given the related public health impact, this finding should prompt further research to investigate such associations and elucidate potential associations between NAFLD and mental health morbidity, exploring potential shared underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021288934.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Depression; Anxiety; Stress, Psychological; Adult; Prevalence
PubMed: 38689730
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1357664 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024It has been suggested that silymarin (SIL) supplementation has positive effects on cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). This... (Review)
Review
It has been suggested that silymarin (SIL) supplementation has positive effects on cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis assessed the impacts of SIL administration on cardiovascular risk factors. A systematic search of multiple databases was performed to identify eligible controlled trials published up to January 2023. The analysis used a random-effects model and included 33 trials with 1943 participants. It was revealed that SIL supplementation led to a notable reduction in serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (weighted mean difference (WMD): -21.68 mg/dL, 95% CI: -31.37, -11.99; < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -1.25 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.25, -0.26; = 0.013), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -13.97 mg/dL, 95% CI: -23.09, -4.85; = 0.003), triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -26.22 mg/dL, 95% CI: -40.32, -12.12; < 0.001), fasting insulin (WMD: -3.76 mU/mL, 95% CI: -4.80, -2.72; < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -17.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: -25.63, -8.63; < 0.001), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (WMD: -0.85%, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.43; < 0.001) in the SIL-treated groups compared to their untreated counterparts. In addition, there were no substantial differences in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), C-reactive protein (CRP), body weight, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) between the two groups. These outcomes suggest that SIL consumption reduces certain CMS risk factors and has favorable impacts on lipid and glycemic profiles with potential hypotensive effects. These findings should be supported by additional trials with larger sample sizes and longer durations.
PubMed: 38671838
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040390