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Systematic Reviews Aug 2021Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors originating from mesenchymal or connective tissue. They represent less than 1% of all adult cancers. The etiology... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors originating from mesenchymal or connective tissue. They represent less than 1% of all adult cancers. The etiology and epidemiology of sarcomas remain understudied and poorly understood. The main objective of our study was to systematically assess the association between various occupational exposures and risk of sarcomas.
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature search using the PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane databases to identify relevant cohort and case-control studies. A meta-analysis method was applied on the incidence and mortality outcomes where the estimate with 95% confidence interval (CI) was obtained.
RESULTS
We included a total of 50 publications in our systematic review and 35 in meta-analysis. For exposures to phenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for sarcoma was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.22, 2.82), based on 16 studies with 2254 participants, while the pooled standardized mortality ratio was 40.93 (95% CI 2.19, 765.90), based on 4 cohort studies with 59,289 participants. For exposure to vinyl chloride monomers the pooled risk ratios for angiosarcoma of the liver and other STS were 19.23 (95% CI 2.03, 182.46) and 2.23 (95 CI 1.55, 3.22) respectively based on 3 cohort studies with 12,816 participants. Exposure to dioxins was associated with an increased STS mortality; the pooled standardized mortality ratio was 2.56 (95% CI 1.60, 4.10) based on 4 cohort studies with 30,797 participants. Finally, woodworking occupation was associated with an increased risk of STS with the pooled OR of 2.16 (95% CI 1.39, 3.36).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest a positive association between higher exposure to dioxins and increased mortality from STS, between cumulative exposure to vinyl chloride monomers and increased mortality from angiosarcoma of the liver and STS, and between woodworking occupation and STS incidence. These findings were all statistically significant.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Humans; Incidence; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Sarcoma
PubMed: 34389054
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01769-4 -
The International Journal of... Nov 2023To verify the parameters and characteristics evaluated in 3D-printed complete denture (CD) bases and how they influence CD properties. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To verify the parameters and characteristics evaluated in 3D-printed complete denture (CD) bases and how they influence CD properties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This work was registered in Open Science Framework (osf.io/4um6v) and followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. A search of peer-reviewed articles published up to April 9, 2020, was performed on the PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct databases. The review question based on the PCC (population, concept, and context) was: What printing parameters and characteristics of CD bases can influence their properties?
RESULTS
The database search resulted in 1,945 articles, and the initial screening was carried out in 1,390 articles, 17 of which were selected for inclusion in this review. The present authors verified that cleaning the prosthesis with alcohol after printing followed by a postcuring cycle influences biocompatibility and residual monomers. The printing angle influences physicomechanical properties, microbial adhesion, and tissue adaptation. Accuracy is influenced by layer thickness and manufacturing technique, which also influences retention and tissue adaptation. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents influences physicomechanical properties and antimicrobial activity. The method of union between the denture base and teeth influences mechanical strength.
CONCLUSIONS
Printed denture bases showed good adaptation to tissues and accuracy with 100-µm layer thickness, but the base must be cleaned in ethanol followed by postcuring for better biocompatibility. Nano- and microparticles can be added to provide antimicrobial activity and better resistance. The printing angle and mechanical properties must be better evaluated. Int J Prosthodont 2023;36:620-629.
Topics: Printing, Three-Dimensional; Denture, Complete; Anti-Infective Agents; Denture Bases; Surface Properties; Materials Testing
PubMed: 34003199
DOI: 10.11607/ijp.7473 -
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2021Based on the study and research on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, the types and functions of gut microbiota, and its role in guiding and regulating the...
Based on the study and research on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, the types and functions of gut microbiota, and its role in guiding and regulating the occurrence and development of diseases, we have explored the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer by regulating the gut microbiota. Genetic variation, abnormal responses of innate and adaptive immunity, mucosal barrier dysfunction, imbalance of intestinal microbial colonization, personal and environmental risk factors are the main pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The gut microbiota mainly includes (including , , and ) and (including and ), which have biological antagonism, nutrition for the organism, metabolic abilities, immune stimulation, and ability to shape cancer genes functions to body. The gut microbiota can be related to the health of the host. Current studies have shown that Chinese herbal compound, single medicinal materials, and monomer components can treat colorectal cancer by regulating the gut microbiota, such as Xiaoyaosan can increase the abundance of , , and and decrease the abundance of and . Therefore, studying the regulation and mechanism of gut microbiota on colorectal cancer is of great benefit to disease treatment.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33827382
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X21500385 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Mar 2021Cyanobacteria is one of the promising microbial chassis in synthetic biology, which serves as a typical host for light-driven production. With the gradual depletion of...
Cyanobacteria is one of the promising microbial chassis in synthetic biology, which serves as a typical host for light-driven production. With the gradual depletion of fossil resources and intensification of global warming, the research on cyanobacterial cell factory using CO2 as carbon resource is ushering in a new wave. For a long time, research focus on cyanobacterial cell factory has mainly been the production of energy products, such as liquid fuels and hydrogen. One of the critical bottlenecks occurring in cyanobacterial cell factory is the poor economic performance, which is mainly caused by the inherent inefficiency of cyanobacteria. The problem is particularly prominent for these extremely cost-sensitive energy products. As an indispensable basis for modern industry, polymer monomers belong to the bulk chemicals with high added value. Therefore, increasing attention has been focused on polymer monomers which are superior in overcoming the economic barrier in commercialization of cyanobacterial cell factories. Here, we systematically review the progress on the production of polymer monomers using cyanobacteria, including the strategies for improving production, and the related technologies for the application of this important microbial cell factory. Finally, we summarize several issues in cyanobacterial synthetic biology and proposed future developing trends in this field.
Topics: Cyanobacteria; Macromolecular Substances; Polymers; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 33783165
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.200637 -
The International Journal of... 2021To systematically review all in vitro studies focusing on the durability of different bonding protocols applied to zirconia restorations with different types of tooth or...
PURPOSE
To systematically review all in vitro studies focusing on the durability of different bonding protocols applied to zirconia restorations with different types of tooth or implant abutments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
English-language articles published in dental journals up to March 2020 were searched using a combination of free text words and MeSH terms, as follows: zirconia; Y-TZP; zirconium; zirconia restoration; enamel; dentin; titanium abutment; titanium base; ceramic abutment; dental core; ceramic or metal post and core; composite build-up; bonding; adhesive cement; resin cement; adhesion; cementation; test; material testing; laboratory; and in vitro. Studies were identified for review based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
A total of 3,339 titles were identified. After a successive filtering process, a final total of 28 studies were included. The included studies featured different types of surface pretreatment methods, primers, resin cements, tooth and implant abutments, laboratory test outcomes, and designs. The relatively limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow for meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Zirconia surface pretreatment is an essential step in the bonding protocol. Airborne-particle abrasion surface pretreatment had a positive influence on zirconia resin bonding to most types of tooth and implant abutments identified. Chemically activating the treated zirconia surfaces with an MDP monomer-based primer, along with an MDP monomer or phosphate ester monomer-based resin cement, seems to be a durable bonding protocol. Type of resin cement seems to be a less influential factor.
Topics: Research Design; Zirconium
PubMed: 33616551
DOI: 10.11607/ijp.6870 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Apr 2021Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly pathogenic virus that has spread rapidly...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly pathogenic virus that has spread rapidly across the entire world. There is a critical need to develop safe and effective drugs, especially broad-spectrum antiviral and organ protection agents in order to treat and prevent this dangerous disease. It is possible that Chinese herbal medicine may play an essential role in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
We aim to review the use of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 both in vitro and in clinical practice. Our goal was to provide a better understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine and to establish a "Chinese protocol" for the treatment of COVID-19.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We systematically reviewed published research relating to traditional Chinese herbal medicines and the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 from inception to the 6 January 2021 by screening a range of digital databases (Web of Science, bioRxiv, medRxiv, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, X-MOL, Wanfang Data, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and other resources) and public platforms relating to the management of clinical trials. We included the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, monomer preparations, crude extracts, and formulas for the treatment of COVID-19.
RESULTS
In mainland China, a range of Chinese herbal medicines have been recognized as very promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, including active ingredients (quercetagetin, osajin, tetrandrine, proscillaridin A, and dihydromyricetin), monomer preparations (xiyanping injection, matrine-sodium chloride injection, diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules, and sodium aescinate injection), crude extracts (Scutellariae Radix extract and garlic essential oil), and formulas (Qingfei Paidu decoction, Lianhuaqingwen capsules, and Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid). All these agents have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 and have attracted significant attention due to their activities both in vitro and in clinical practice.
CONCLUSIONS
As a key component of the COVID-19 treatment regimen, Chinese herbal medicines have played an irreplaceable role in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The "Chinese protocol" has already demonstrated clear clinical importance. The use of Chinese herbal medicines that are capable of inhibiting SARS-Cov-2 infection may help to address this immediate unmet clinical need and may be attractive to other countries that are also seeking new options for effective COVID-19 treatment. Our analyses suggest that countries outside of China should also consider protocols involving Chinese herbal medicines combat this fast-spreading viral infection.
Topics: Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 33485973
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113869 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2020At present, new acrylic plastic technologies are being developed in dentistry. Although this kind of material has been used for dental prostheses for over 80 years, it... (Review)
Review
At present, new acrylic plastic technologies are being developed in dentistry. Although this kind of material has been used for dental prostheses for over 80 years, it has been produced in the form of disks with the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology for over 15 years. The purpose of the article was to collect information from the literature on acrylic materials processed through the milling technology (CAD/CAM). The publicly available databases PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus were searched using the key word "acrylic resins, CAD/CAM". All articles describing the application and testing of CAD/CAM disks were selected. Duplicate articles were removed. More than 100 articles that described the use of materials machined using the milling equipment were found. These included works comparing the mechanical properties, biocompatibility and clinical use of the materials. After the initial selection, 36 papers on this subject were included in this review. The number of studies on the processing of acrylic materials with the use of the CAD/CAM technology has been increasing worldwide. Since such materials have better mechanical properties, no polymerization shrinkage occurs during processing, the amount of residual monomer material is very low and they have better color stability than self-curing materials.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Humans; Materials Testing; Polymethyl Methacrylate
PubMed: 33444491
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/124697 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Feb 2021Pancreatic cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate. Although survival rates for different types of cancers have improved in recent years, the five-year survival...
Pancreatic cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate. Although survival rates for different types of cancers have improved in recent years, the five-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer stands at 8%. Moreover, the current first-line therapy, gemcitabine, results in low remission rates and is associated with drug resistance problems. Alternative treatments for pancreatic cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy provide marginal remission and survival rates. This calls for the search of more effective drugs or treatments. Traditional Chinese medicine contains numerous bioactive ingredients some of which show activity against pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of five types of traditional Chinese medicine monomers. In so-doing, we provide new potential drug candidates for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32965773
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6847 -
Maedica Jun 2020The aim of this study was to find the most effective surface preparation methods to enhance the bond strength between the composite resin and surface remaining from...
The Effect of Mechanical and Chemical Surface Preparation Methods on the Bond Strength in Repairing the Surface of Metal-Ceramic Crowns with Composite Resin: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
The aim of this study was to find the most effective surface preparation methods to enhance the bond strength between the composite resin and surface remaining from ceramic fracture. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, 39 studies were examined. The information related to the studies was extracted and categorized based on the type of the substrate material and applying or not applying thermal cycles (p<0.05). In the meta-analysis of substrate metal-ceramic samples without aging, application of air abrasion resulted in a significant increase of the bond strength to composite resin when using chemical compounds of the group without the mentioned functional monomers. Application of mechanical and chemical surface preparation methods can result in enhanced bond strength of the composite to the substrate material, which depends on the type of substrate material.
PubMed: 32952686
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2020.15.2.206 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Aug 2021Denture base resins (DBRs), such as polymethyl methacrylate, are commonly used in the fabrication of removable dentures because of their physical, mechanical, and... (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Denture base resins (DBRs), such as polymethyl methacrylate, are commonly used in the fabrication of removable dentures because of their physical, mechanical, and esthetic properties. However, the denture base acts as a substrate for microorganism adherence and biofilm formation, which may lead to denture stomatitis and be further complicated by fungal infections, of especial importance with geriatric and immunosuppressed patients. Therefore, methods to enhance the antimicrobial property of DBRs will be beneficial.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature on the antimicrobial activity of DBRs incorporating antimicrobial agents or materials.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search of English peer-reviewed literature up to February 2019 reporting on antimicrobial activity of DBRs with respect to antimicrobial agents or materials, antimicrobial test effects and methods, and conclusion or knowledge gaps was conducted by using Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Search terms included denture base resin and antibacterial, denture base resin and antifungal, and denture base resin and antimicrobial. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were applied for subsequent data analysis.
RESULTS
Of 2536 identified articles, 28 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Antimicrobial materials were divided into 3 groups: antimicrobial monomer or copolymer, phytochemical or phytomedical components, and other compounds. Strategies on how to incorporate these substances into DBRs and their impact on the reduction and prevention of the growth of microorganisms were identified.
CONCLUSIONS
Although many efforts have been made to improve the antimicrobial ability of DBRs, this systematic review found that the effectiveness of incorporating of antimicrobial agents into DBRs has not been demonstrated conclusively.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Denture Bases; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Materials Testing; Polymethyl Methacrylate
PubMed: 32800329
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.03.033