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Updates in Surgery Dec 2019Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It has been estimated that more than one million new cases occur every year. Several...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It has been estimated that more than one million new cases occur every year. Several studies have investigated the role of host bacteria as agents protecting against or increasing the risk of CRC, but few have assessed the fungal microbiome in patients with CRC. Fungal dysbiosis has been studied in colorectal diseases (e.g. inflammatory bowel diseases), but few researches compared the fungal microbiome of CRC patients with those of controls. The current study represents a systematic review aimed at assessing the expression and diversity of fungi in patients with CRC and non-CRC individuals. Here, we discuss the fungal species that could be implied in CRC development and alterations that can be induced by the presence of CRC, and the potential implications for future research.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Mycobiome
PubMed: 31586311
DOI: 10.1007/s13304-019-00683-8 -
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental Aug 2017Human gut microbiome is defined as the gene complement of the gut microbial community, measured via laboratory metagenomic techniques. It includes bacteriome, virome and... (Review)
Review
Human gut microbiome is defined as the gene complement of the gut microbial community, measured via laboratory metagenomic techniques. It includes bacteriome, virome and mycobiome, which represent, respectively, the assemblages of bacteria, viruses and fungi, living in the human gut. Gut microbiota function as a living "organ" that interacts with the gastro-intestinal environment, provides nutrients and vitamins to the organism and transduces hormonal messages, essentially influencing the main metabolic pathways, including drug metabolism. A clear association between gut, and glucose metabolism disorders has recently emerged. Medications acting on glucose absorption in the gut, or enhancing gut hormone activity are already extensively employed in the therapy of diabetes. Moreover, the gut is characterized by immune, and autonomous neuronal features, which play a critical role in maintaining glucose metabolism homeostasis. Gut microbes respond to neuroendocrine, and immune biochemical messages, affecting the health, and behavior of the host. There is vast heterogeneity in the studies included in this review, hence a meta-analysis, or a systematic review were not applicable. In this article, we attempt to reveal the interplay between human gut microbiota physiology, and hyperglycemic states, synthesizing, and interpreting findings from human studies.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Microbiota; Mycobiome
PubMed: 28732571
DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.014