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Journal of Ethnopharmacology Dec 2023Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidtex Miq. is a well-known perennial herb that is used in traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. G. littoralis has the effects of... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidtex Miq. is a well-known perennial herb that is used in traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. G. littoralis has the effects of treating the lungs with heat, nourishing yin and blood, and acting as an expectorant. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions containing G. littoralis have various clinical applications, such as clearing heat, relieving coughs, treating hepatic fibrosis, resolving phlegm, and treating esophagitis.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and productive review of G. littoralis, mainly including traditional application, ethnopharmacology, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and quality control.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Literature search was conducted through the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, and WanFang DATA by using the keywords "Glehnia littoralis", "Radix Glehniae", "Bei Shashen", "Clinical application", "Chemical composition", "Quality control" and "pharmacological action". In addition, information was collected from relevant ancient books, reviews, and documents (1980-2022).
RESULTS
G. littoralis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with great clinical value and rich resources. More than 186 components, including coumarins, lignans, polyacetylenes, organic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, have been isolated and identified from G. littoralis. The pharmacological activities of more than half of these chemicals are yet unknown. Polyacetylenes and coumarins are the most important bioactive compounds responsible for pharmacological activities, such as antiproliferative, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitussive, immune regulation and analgesic. In this study, the progress in chemical analysis of G. littoralis, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS), and HPLC-MS, were summarized.
CONCLUSION
In this paper reviewed the previous literature regarding ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological, and quality evaluation of the processing of G. littoralis was reviewed, providing potential reference information for future investigation and clinical applications. However, research on the relationship between chemical constituents and traditional uses of G. littoralis is lacking, and the comprehensive pharmacological effects and mechanisms of G. littoralis require further detailed exploration. In addition, an efficient method for chemical profiling is still unavailable to obtain potent bioactive markers for quality control. Perfect quality standards, which are also the basis for further drug development of G. littoralis, are urgently needed to ensure its quality and clinical application.
Topics: Ethnopharmacology; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Medicine, Traditional; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37369334
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116831 -
Journal of Environmental Management Sep 2023The use of organic fertilizer for agricultural production can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer (CF), reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and maintain crop production....
The use of organic fertilizer for agricultural production can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer (CF), reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and maintain crop production. However, biogas slurry (BS), a liquid with a high moisture content and a low C/N ratio, differs from commercial organic fertilizer and manure in terms of its impact on the soil N cycle. Replacing CF with BS needs to be reconsidered regarding soil nitrous oxide (NO) emissions and crop production in terms of fertilization, agricultural land type, and soil characteristics. For this systematic review, the results of 92 published studies worldwide were collected. Based on the findings, the combined application of BS and CF can significantly increase soil total N (TN), microbial biomass N (MBN), and soil organic matter (SOM) levels. The Chaol and ACE index values of soil bacteria were increased by 13.58% and 18.53%, whereas those of soil fungi were decreased by 10.45% and 14.53%, respectively. At a replacement ratio (rr) ≤ 70%, crop yield was promoted by 2.20%-12.17%, and soil NO emissions were reduced by 1.94%-21.81%. A small rr (≤30%) was more conducive to growth, and a moderate rr (30% < rr ≤ 70%) was more favorable for NO emission reduction, especially in the dryland crop system. However, at rr = 100%, soil NO emissions in neutral and alkaline dryland soil were increased by 28.56%-32.22%. The importance analysis of the influencing factors showed that the proportion of BS, the N application rate, and the temperature were the factors affecting soil NO emissions. Our results provide a scientific basis for the safe use of BS in agricultural systems.
Topics: Soil; Biofuels; Fertilizers; Agriculture; Nitrous Oxide; Nitrogen; China
PubMed: 37315456
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118339 -
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2023Previous studies focused on investigating particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM) have shown the risk of disease development, and association... (Review)
Review
Previous studies focused on investigating particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM) have shown the risk of disease development, and association with increased morbidity and mortality rates. The current review investigate epidemiological and experimental findings from 2016 to 2021, which enabled the systemic overview of PM's toxic impacts on human health. The Web of Science database search used descriptive terms to investigate the interaction among PM exposure, systemic effects, and COVID-19 disease. Analyzed studies have indicated that cardiovascular and respiratory systems have been extensively investigated and indicated as the main air pollution targets. Nevertheless, PM reaches other organic systems and harms the renal, neurological, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. Pathologies onset and/or get worse due to toxicological effects associated with the exposure to this particle type, since it can trigger several reactions, such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress generation and genotoxicity. These cellular dysfunctions lead to organ malfunctions, as shown in the current review. In addition, the correlation between COVID-19/Sars-CoV-2 and PM exposure was also assessed to help better understand the role of atmospheric pollution in the pathophysiology of this disease. Despite the significant number of studies about PM's effects on organic functions, available in the literature, there are still gaps in knowledge about how this particulate matter can hinder human health. The current review aimed to approach the main findings about the effect of PM exposure on different systems, and demonstrate the likely interaction of COVID-19/Sars-CoV-2 and PM.
PubMed: 37250231
DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06278-9 -
Nutrition Reviews Jan 2024Kefir consumption has been associated with immune response modulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.
CONTEXT
Kefir consumption has been associated with immune response modulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the role of kefir against inflammation and the main response mechanisms involved in this process in a murine model.
DATA SOURCES
The searches were searched in the PubMed, Science Direct, and LILACS databases. Only murine model studies, according to PRISMA guidelines, published in the past 10 years were included.
STUDY SELECTION
Only articles about original and placebo-controlled experiments in murine models used to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of kefir were considered. Of the articles found, 349 were excluded according to the following criteria: duplicate articles (n = 99), off-topic title and abstract (n = 157), reviews (n = 47), studies in vitro (n = 29), and studies with humans (n = 17). In total, 23 studies were included in this review.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two independently working authors assessed the risk of bias and extracted data from the included studies.
RESULTS
Kefir consumption had positive effects on inflammation modulation. The main mechanisms involved were the reduction of pro-inflammatory and molecular markers; reduction in inflammatory infiltrate in tissues, serum biomarkers, risk factors for chronic diseases, and parasitic infection; composition and metabolic activity change of intestinal microbiota and mycobiota; activation of humoral and cellular immunity; and modulation of oxidative stress.
CONCLUSIONS
Kefir modulates the immune system in different experimental models, among other secondary outcomes, to improve overall health. The beverage reduces inflammation through the alternation between innate, Th1, and Th2 responses, reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing those of anti-inflammatory ones. In addition, it also mediates immunomodulatory and protective effects through the numerous molecular biomarkers and organic acids produced and secreted by kefir in the intestinal microbiota. The health-promoting effects attributed to kefir may help in the different treatments of inflammatory, chronic, and infectious diseases in the population.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation; Kefir
PubMed: 37203423
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad052 -
Chemosphere Jul 2023Antibiotic resistance in drinking water systems poses human health risks. Earlier studies, including reviews on antibiotic resistance in drinking water systems are... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance in drinking water systems poses human health risks. Earlier studies, including reviews on antibiotic resistance in drinking water systems are limited to the occurrence, behaviour and fate in bulk raw water and drinking water treatment systems. By comparison, reviews on the bacterial biofilm resistome in drinking water distribution systems are still limited. Therefore, the present systematic review investigates the occurrence, behaviour and fate and, detection methods of bacterial biofilm resistome in the drinking water distribution systems. A total of 12 original articles drawn from 10 countries were retrieved and analyzed. Antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes detected in biofilms include those for sulfonamides, tetracycline, and beta-lactamase. The genera detected in biofilms include Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Mycobacteria, as well as Enterobacteriaceae family and other gram-negative bacteria. The presence of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcusaureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacterbaumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE bacteria) among the detected bacteria points to potential human exposure and health risks especially for susceptible individuals via the consumption of drinking water. Besides, the effects of water quality parameter and residual chlorine, the physico-chemical factors controlling the emergence, persistence and fate of the biofilm resistome are still poorly understood. Culture-based methods, and molecular methods, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. The limited data on the bacterial biofilm resistome in drinking water distribution system points to the need for further research. To this end, future research directions are discussed including understanding the formation, behaviour, and fate of the resistome and the controlling factors.
Topics: Humans; Drinking Water; Renal Dialysis; Bacteria; Biofilms; Genes, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37059195
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138642 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Morels are valuable mushrooms being used as foods and medical substances for a long history. The commonly cultivated morel species include , and . sextelata in China,... (Review)
Review
Morels are valuable mushrooms being used as foods and medical substances for a long history. The commonly cultivated morel species include , and . sextelata in China, and in the US. Morels' nutritional profile mainly consists of carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids, which are also responsible for its complex sensory attributes and health benefits. The bioactive compounds in morels including polysaccharides, phenolics, tocopherols, and ergosterols contribute to the anti-oxidative abilities, anti-inflammation, immunoprotection, gut health preservation, and anti-cancer abilities. This review depicted on the cultivation of morels, major bioactive compounds of different morel species both from fruit bodies and mycelia, and their health benefits to provide a comprehensive understanding of morels and support the future research and applications of morels as high-value functional food sources.
PubMed: 37006947
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1159029 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an eco-technology for wastewater treatment and are applied worldwide. Due to the regular influx of pollutants, CWs can release... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an eco-technology for wastewater treatment and are applied worldwide. Due to the regular influx of pollutants, CWs can release considerable quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs), ammonia (NH), and other atmospheric pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulfide (HS), etc., which will aggravate global warming, degrade air quality and even threaten human health. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of factors affecting the emission of these gases in CWs. In this study, we applied meta-analysis to quantitatively review the main influencing factors of GHG emission from CWs; meanwhile, the emissions of NH, VOCs, and HS were qualitatively assessed. Meta-analysis indicates that horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs emit less CH and NO than free water surface flow (FWS) CWs. The addition of biochar can mitigate NO emission compared to gravel-based CWs but has the risk of increasing CH emission. Polyculture CWs stimulate CH emission but pose no influence on NO emission compared to monoculture CWs. The influent wastewater characteristics (e.g., C/N ratio, salinity) and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature) can also impact GHG emission. The NH volatilization from CWs is positively related to the influent nitrogen concentration and pH value. High plant species richness tends to reduce NH volatilization and plant composition showed greater effects than species richness. Though VOCs and HS emissions from CWs do not always occur, it should be a concern when using CWs to treat wastewater containing hydrocarbon and acid. This study provides solid references for simultaneously achieving pollutant removal and reducing gaseous emission from CWs, which avoids the transformation of water pollution into air contamination.
Topics: Humans; Gases; Greenhouse Gases; Methane; Nitrous Oxide; Wastewater; Wetlands
PubMed: 36900888
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053876 -
Poultry Science Apr 2023Particulate matter (PM) is one of the essential environmental stressors for the poultry industry in the world. Given its large specific surface area, PM can adsorb and... (Review)
Review
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the essential environmental stressors for the poultry industry in the world. Given its large specific surface area, PM can adsorb and carry a variety of pollutants, including heavy metal ions, ammonia, and persistent organic pollutants such as pathogenic microorganisms. High concentrations of PM induce poultry respiratory inflammation and trigger various diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanism of PM in poultry houses on respiratory diseases has not been clarified due to its complexity and lack of accurate assays. In terms of pathogenesis, there are 3 ways to explain this phenomenon: Inhaled PM irritates the respiratory tract, decreases immune resistance, and causes a respiratory disease; respiratory tract irritation by compounds presents in PM; infections with pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms attached to PM. The latter 2 modes of influence are more harmful. Specifically, PM can induce the respiratory disease through several toxic mechanisms, including ammonia ingestion and bioaccumulation, lung flora dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, this review summarizes the characteristics of PM in the poultry house and the impact of poultry PM on respiratory disease and proposes potential pathogenic mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Particulate Matter; Poultry; Air Pollutants; Ammonia; Chickens; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Inflammation
PubMed: 36848758
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102556 -
The Science of the Total Environment Apr 2023Due to the rapidly increasing ridership and the relatively enclosed underground space, the indoor air quality (IAQ) in underground subway stations (USSs) has attracted... (Review)
Review
Due to the rapidly increasing ridership and the relatively enclosed underground space, the indoor air quality (IAQ) in underground subway stations (USSs) has attracted more public attention. The air pollutants in USSs, such as particulate matter (PM), CO and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are hazardous to the health of passengers and staves. Firstly, this paper presents a systematic review on the characteristics and sources of air pollutants in USSs. According to the review work, the concentrations of PM, CO, VOCs, bacteria and fungi in USSs are 1.1-13.2 times higher than the permissible concentration limits specified by WHO, ASHRAE and US EPA. The PM and VOCs are mainly derived from the internal and outdoor sources. CO concentrations are highly correlated with the passenger density and the ventilation rate while the exposure levels of bacteria and fungi depend on the thermal conditions and the settled dust. Then, the online monitoring, fault detection and prediction methods of IAQ are summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also discussed. In addition, the available control strategies for improving IAQ in USSs are reviewed, and these strategies are classified and compared from different viewpoints. Lastly, challenges of the IAQ management in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic and several suggestions for underground stations' IAQ management in the future are put forward. This paper is expected to provide a comprehensive guidance for further research and design of the effective prevention measures on air pollutants in USSs so as to achieve more sustainable and healthy underground environment.
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Railroads; Carbon Dioxide; Environmental Monitoring; COVID-19; Particulate Matter; Air Pollutants; Volatile Organic Compounds; Bacteria; Fungi
PubMed: 36708828
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161781 -
NO emission factors for organic amendments in Japan from measurement campaign and systematic review.The Science of the Total Environment Mar 2023Organic amendments are important sources of nitrous oxide (NO) emissions from agricultural soils. In 2020, the total amount of N in organic amendments applied to...
Organic amendments are important sources of nitrous oxide (NO) emissions from agricultural soils. In 2020, the total amount of N in organic amendments applied to Japanese agricultural soils (440 ktN) was larger than that of synthetic fertilizer (374 ktN). However, NO emissions from organic amendments were estimated by using the country-specific NO emission factor (EF) for synthetic fertilizer (0.31 % for rice paddy, 2.9 % for tea, and 0.62 % for other crops) in the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan. Thus, we conducted a NO flux measurement campaign at 12 different experimental sites across Japan to estimate fertilizer-induced NO EFs for major organic amendments in Japan, that is, poultry manure compost, swine manure compost, cattle manure compost, and organic fertilizer pellets. In addition, we conducted systematic review of NO emissions and EFs for organic amendments, including data from our measurement campaign and published data from peer-reviewed papers in Japan. The final dataset, including the field measurement campaign and published data, resulted in 404 observations (including synthetic fertilizer and zero-N control) in 29 sites. Results showed that soil type affected EFs, that is, the mean EF of Andosols was lower than that of non-Andosols, which is similar to the case of EFs for synthetic fertilizer. Mean EFs for poultry manure compost, swine manure compost, cattle manure (compost and slurry), and non-animal manure organic fertilizers were 0.83 % (uncertainty range of 2.5th and 97.5th percentile: 0.09 % to 3.46 %), 0.70 % (0.02 % to 2.45 %), 0.39 % (0.00 % to 1.62 %), and 1.16 % (0.41 % to 3.03 %), respectively, when weighted by area of soil types. The mean EF of all organic amendments was 0.84 % (0.00 % to 2.91 %), when the area of soil type and amount of organic amendment used in Japan were considered. Our study provides country-specific EFs to estimate NO emission from organic amendments in Japan.
PubMed: 36566862
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161088